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Chuanwang Xiaoyan (CWXY) capsule is primarily used to treat a variety of acute and chronic inflammations, including acute and chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis. However, a systematic study of its chemical constituents is still not available. This study evaluated the chemical constituents in vitro and metabolite profiles in vivo of CWXY using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the nine main components in rats were detected using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QQQ‐MS/MS). A total of 92 chemical constituents in CWXY were preliminarily identified in vitro. After oral administration to rats, 56 prototype components and 128 metabolites of CWXY were detected in the biological samples of rat plasma, urine, bile, and feces. Of these prototype components and metabolites, seven new compounds, namely M15, M16, M25, M30, M31, M71, and M128, were detected for the first time. The quantitation method of nine components in rat plasma was developed using a pharmacokinetic study. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of triumbelletin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer has a high rate of recurrence, and as such, immunotherapy strategies are being investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy. Although the involvement of immune checkpoints in immunotherapy is well studied, biomechanical cues, such as target cell stiffness, have not yet been subject to the same level of investigation. Changes in the cholesterol content of the cell membrane directly influence tumor cell stiffness. Here, we investigated the effect of cholesterol on NK cell‐mediated killing of gastric cancer stem‐like cells. We report that surviving tumor cells with stem‐like properties elevated cholesterol metabolism to evade NK cell cytotoxicity. Inhibition of cholesterol metabolism enhances NK cell‐mediated killing of gastric cancer stem‐like cells, highlighting a potential avenue for improving immunotherapy efficacy. This study suggests a possible effect of cancer cell stiffness on immune evasion and offers insights into enhancing immunotherapeutic strategies against tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]