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Photonic crystals are a new class of optical microstructure materials characterized by a dielectric constant that varies periodically with space and features a photonic bandgap. Inspired by natural photonic crystals such as butterfly scales, a series of artificial photonic crystals are developed for use in integrated photonic platforms, biosensing, communication, and other fields. Among them, colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) have gained widespread attention due to their excellent optical properties and advantages, such as ease of preparation and functionalization. This work reviews the classification and self‐assembly principles of CPCs, details some of the latest biomedical applications of large‐area, high‐quality CPCs prepared using advanced self‐assembly methods, summarizes the existing challenges in CPC construction and application, and anticipates future development directions and optimization strategy. With further advancements, CPCs are expected to play a more critical role in biosensors, drug delivery, cell research, and other fields, bringing significant benefits to biomedical research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid, accurate, and fully automated estimation of both length and width of asphalt pavement cracks, essential for achieving a proactive asset management, presents a significant challenge, primarily due to limitations in the effectiveness of automatic image segmentation and the accuracy of crack width and length estimation algorithms. To address this challenge, this paper introduces the Branch Growing (BG) algorithm, specifically designed for crack length estimation in asphalt pavements, along with an optimized OrthoBoundary algorithm tailored for crack width estimation. Leveraging four widely adopted deep learning models for asphalt pavement crack segmentation, four distinct sets of image segmentation results have been produced. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of both crack dimensions estimation algorithms. The findings demonstrate that the integration of the BG algorithm, the optimized OrthoBoundary algorithm, and the fully convolutional network with the HRNet backbone achieve a prediction accuracy of 80.21% for crack length estimation and 84.32% for average width estimation. Moreover, the image processing speed, at a resolution of 3024 × 3024, can be maintained at approximately 5 s, with average width estimation observed to be up to 9.1‐fold faster than the unoptimized OrthoBoundary algorithm. These results signify advancements in automated crack quantification methodologies, with implications for enhancing civil infrastructure maintenance practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving diffraction‐limited performance in fourth‐generation synchrotron radiation sources demands monochromator crystals that can preserve the wavefront across an unprecedented extensive range. There is an urgent need for techniques of absolute crystal diffraction wavefront measurement. At the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), a novel edge scan wavefront metrology technique has been developed. This technique employs a double‐edge tracking method, making diffraction‐limited level absolute crystal diffraction wavefront measurement a reality. The results demonstrate an equivalent diffraction surface slope error below 70 nrad (corresponding to a wavefront phase error of 4.57% λ) r.m.s. within a nearly 6 mm range for a flat crystal in the crystal surface coordinate. The double‐edge structure contributes to exceptional measurement precision for slope error reproducibility, achieving levels below 15 nrad (phase error reproducibility < λ/100) even at a first‐generation synchrotron radiation source. Currently, the measurement termed double‐edge scan (DES) has already been regarded as a critical feedback mechanism in the fabrication of next‐generation crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of non‐Chief Executive Officer (non‐CEO) executives' intraorganizational promotion‐based incentives, also known as tournament incentives, on corporate labour investment efficiency. We find that tournament incentives lead to inefficient labour investment, measured as the absolute deviation from optimal net hiring warranted by firm fundamentals. This positive relationship is weakened when non‐CEO executives are less eager to compete in the tournament. Mediating analysis demonstrates that reduced team cohesion, captured by non‐CEO executive turnover, mediates the relationship between tournament incentives and labour investment inefficiency. Our evidence is consistent with the dysfunctional view of tournament incentives and highlights the importance of non‐CEO executives' incentives in corporate labour investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the rise of nonfullerene acceptors (NFA) has allowed lab‐scale organic solar cells (OSC) to reach 20% efficiency, translating these devices into roll‐to‐roll compatible fabrication still poses many challenges for researchers. Among these are the use of green solvent solubility for large‐scale manufacture, roll‐to‐roll compatible fabrication, and, not least, information on charge carrier dynamics in each upscaling step, to further understand the gap in performance. In this work, the reproducibility of champion devices using slot‐die coating with 14% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is demonstrated, under the condition that the optimal thickness is maintained. It is further shown that for the donor:acceptor (D:A) blend PM6:Y12, the processing solvent has a more significant impact on charge carrier dynamics compared to the deposition technique. It is found that the devices processed with o‐xylene feature a 40% decrease in the bimolecular recombination coefficient compared to those processed with CB, as well as a 70% increase in effective mobility. Finally, it is highlighted that blade‐coating yields devices with similar carrier dynamics to slot‐die coating, making it the optimal choice for lab‐scale optimization with no significant loss in translation toward up‐scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant health risks are posed by meningitis due to its rapid progression, and challenges are encountered in intravenous antibiotic administration, especially in crossing the blood‐brain barrier. To address this, an inflammation‐activated, endogenous macrophage (MΦ)‐mediated oral prodrug delivery system is developed for targeted therapeutic interventions in bacterial meningitis treatment. This system is guided by inflammation‐derived chemoattractants and triggers drug release through inflammation‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comprised of naturally derived β‐glucans conjugated with the antibiotic cefotaxime (CTX) using a ROS‐responsive linker, nanoparticles (βGlus–CTX NPs) are formed in aqueous solutions. In a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae‐induced meningitis, orally administered βGlus–CTX NPs are traversed by intestinal microfold cells, surpassing the intestine‐epithelial barrier, and are absorbed by resident endogenous MΦ. These MΦ‐mediated drug delivery vehicles are then traveled through the lymphatic and circulatory systems, crossing the compromised blood‐brain barrier, ultimately reaching inflamed brain tissues, guided by their derived chemoattractants. In ROS‐rich inflamed tissue environments, the linkers in the βGlus–CTX NPs are cleaved, releasing therapeutic CTX for localized treatment. Targeted antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis is offered by this oral, endogenous MΦ‐mediated prodrug delivery system, overcoming the robust gut‐to‐brain biological barriers and potentially enhancing effectiveness for comfortable home‐based treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite has great potential to fabricate deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to excellent color purity, thermal stability, and carrier mobility. However, fabricating high‐quality CsPbI3 thin films for high‐performance LEDs remains challenging. While it is demonstrated that hydrogen bonds between organic ammonium cations and molecule additives can lead to high‐quality organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite films, this method cannot be applied to CsPbI3 thin films due to the absence of hydrogen bonds between Cs+ ions and additives. In this study, an amorphous complex‐seed‐crystal growth process to fabricate high‐quality γ‐CsPbI3 cuboid crystallite thin films, is reported. During the initial annealing, the metastable intermediates formed crystal nucleate seeds and transformed into amorphous complex intermediates, maintaining stability at an elevated temperature for perovskite crystallization. With prolonged annealing, the amorphous complex around the nucleate seeds gradually converts to γ‐CsPbI3 perovskite, enabling us to fabricate CsPbI3 thin films with high crystallinity and orientation. The resulting deep‐red LEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.5% and a high maximum luminance of 3158 cd m−2. Moreover, the devices show significantly suppressed efficiency roll‐off, maintaining an EQE of 14.8% even under a high current density of 500 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) have garnered significant attention across diverse fields; however, accomplishing on‐demand, large‐scale, and highly efficient preparation of BNNSs remains a challenge. Here, an on‐demand preparation (OdP) method combining high‐pressure homogenization and short‐time ultrasonication is presented; it enables a highly efficient and controllable preparation of BNNSs from bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN). The homogenization pressure and number of cycles are adjusted, and the production efficiency and yield of BNNSs reach 0.95 g g−1h−1 and 82.8%, respectively, which significantly exceed those attained by using existing methods. The universality of the OdP method is demonstrated on h‐BN raw materials of various bulk sizes from various producers. Furthermore, this method allows the preparation of BNNSs having specific sizes based on the final requirements. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that large BNNSs are particularly suitable for enhancing the thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties of dielectric polymer nanocomposites. Interestingly, the small BNNS‐filled photonic nanocomposite films fabricated via the OdP method exhibit superior daytime radiative cooling properties. Additionally, the OdP method offers the benefits of low energy consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy use. These findings underscore the unique advantages of the OdP method over other techniques for a high‐efficiency and controllable preparation of large BNNSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite semiconductor is attractive for deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) because of its high photoluminescence, good thermal stability, excellent charge transport, and solution processability. However, the metastable phase of optically active CsPbI3 hinders the fabrication of efficient and bright deep‐red LEDs. Herein, a multifunctional ionic ligand regulation strategy using (2‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl) triphenyl‐phosphonium iodide and 3‐(N, N‐dimethyloctylammonio) propanesulfonate is reported to regulate the optically active CsPbI3 crystallization and thus obtain high‐quality γ‐CsPbI3 thin films. The high crystallinity and preferential orientation of γ‐CsPbI3 arise from the strong bonding between the ionic ligands and ionic lead halide clusters. The obtained γ‐CsPbI3 thin films also possess suppressed defect densities, high luminescence, and high stability. Using this high‐quality thin film, an efficient and bright deep‐red LED with a peak external quantum efficiency of 13.34% and a maximum luminance of 2110 cd m−2 is successfully fabricated. The operational lifetime of the fabricated LED (time to half of the initial brightness, T50) reaches up to 40 min under a high current density of 50 mA cm−2 (corresponding to the initial brightness of 200 cd m−2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial floater possessing an open surface diversifies the functions of current systems in the field of solar evaporation, micro‐detector, multiphase catalysis, etc. However, most of the current floaters still face challenges such as the anti‐submersion, orientation adjusting, and multifunctional capabilities. Drawing inspiration from water striders and diving bell spiders, here a superhydrophobic cellular origami (SCO) is proposed with reliable stability, submerge resistance, switchable floatability, and multifunctional integration. The remarkable floating ability is achieved through the air storage ability of superhydrophobic air cells. SCO floats stably on the water surface and has a maximum load capacity that is 48% higher than the superhydrophobic sheet. Besides, SCO can resurface rapidly after complete submersion, even using titanium metal as substrate. To further enhance the universality of SCO, the Janus SCO with unbalanced structure can float with a specific orientation facing up and the origami structure is optimized to be switchable with hinge structure for adjustable buoyancy. To prove the concept in 3D structure, a cylindrical SCO is presented for cable locating on the water surface. This study presents an achievable strategy to extend superhydrophobic surfaces into anti‐sinking floaters, offering valuable insights into the development of multifunctional interface carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable polymers (BPs)‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have advantages, including biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, biodegradable TENGs (BD‐TENGs) possess relatively low output performance, limiting their application due to the small differences in triboelectric polarities for most BPs. Molecular doping is a simple and effective method in altering the triboelectric polarity of triboelectric materials and improving the output performance of BD‐TENGs. However, there is a lack of laws and mechanism about the differences in triboelectric polarities of different doped molecules, especially of molecules with biodegradability and biocompatibility. Here, kinds of doping molecules are selected for doping in tribopositive and tribonegative materials, respectively, and their triboelectric polarities and related laws are researched. In particular, the output performance of BD‐TENG is improved several times by doping small amounts of poly (propylene glycol) (PPG) and ethyl cellulose (EC), with enhanced resolution in abnormal respiratory signal monitoring. This work not only provides theoretical guidance for the selection of triboelectric molecules but also conducts in‐depth research in molecular‐level triboelectric mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has put a selective pressure on the discovery and development of newer EGFR inhibitors. Therefore, the present study intends to explore the pharmacological effect of Araguspongine C (Aragus‐C) as anticancer agent against lung cancer. The effect of Aragus‐C was evaluated on the viability of the A549 and H1975 cells. Further biochemical assays were performed to elaborate the effect of Aragus‐C, on the apoptosis, cell‐cycle analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cells. Western blot analysis was also conducted to determine the expression of EGFR in A549 cells. Tumor xenograft mice model from A549 cells was established to further elaborate the pharmacological activity of Aragus‐C. Results suggest that Aragus C showed significant inhibitory activity against A549 cells as compared to H1975 cells. It has been found that Aragus‐C causes the induction of apoptosis and promotes cell‐cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of A549 cells. It also showed a reduction in the overexpression of EGFR in A549 cells. In tumor xenograft mice model, it showed a significant reduction of tumor volume in a dose‐dependent manner, with maximum inhibitory activity was reported by the 8 mg/kg treated group. It also showed significant anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity by reducing the level of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MDA, with a simultaneous increase of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. We have demonstrated the potent anti‐lung cancer activity of Aragus‐C, and it may be considered as a potential therapeutic choice for NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When species are introduced to a new environment, they can quickly adapt to the environment and may differ from the indigenous species. The indigenous population of Protosalanx chinensis has a high level of genetic diversity, but it is unclear on the genetic diversity of the introduced populations in northeast China, which supports the major production of P. chinensis in the world. A total of 556 individuals of P. chinensis were collected during 2016–2021, from Lianhuan Lake (LHL), Xingkai Lake (XK), and Shuifeng Reservoir (SF), and one population was collected from the indigenous Taihu Lake (TH). Overall, 36 haplotypes were detected, and the genetic differences in P. chinensis populations within and between river basins were investigated. The nucleotide diversity (π) of the populations ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0032, and the haplotype diversity (Hd) ranged from 0.455 to 0.890, with the highest genetic diversity in the TH population, followed by the SF population, and lower genetic diversity in the XK and LHL populations. The analysis of the genetic differentiation index (Fst) and the genetic distance between populations showed that there was significant genetic differentiation between the TH population and the other populations. More sampling points have been set up in LHL for further analysis; the Dalong Lake (DL) and the Xiaolong Lake (XL) populations were far from the other populations within the LHL population. In this study, we didn't find a correlation between population size, stability, and genetic diversity, and the ecological measures of management should be decisive to the population dynamics. These results provide a basis for the rational utilization and effective management of P. chinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating metasurfaces on‐chip provides a promising approach to modulating and extracting the in‐plane waves, which bridges the conversion between guided and free‐space waves and suggests tremendous applications, including guided‐wave‐driven holography, photonic integrated lasers, and on‐chip routers. However, despite these efforts, it remains challenging to achieve multicolor 3D holographic projections via on‐chip meta‐optics, along with switchability. Here, the multicolor 3D holography free from zero‐order diffraction and the immersion switchable display enabled by the on‐chip integrated metasurface is proposed and demonstrated. By leveraging the propagation‐accumulated phase of the guided waves and exploiting an optimization algorithm, an on‐chip meta‐hologram driven by guided waves is developed to project both multicolor and multiplane images with independent encoding freedom. Moreover, the switch between two colorful holographic images is also demonstrated via an easily accessible immersion tuning scheme. Such an on‐chip‐driven meta‐hologram exhibits low background noise or crosstalk with high information quality and is also free from sophisticated nanostructure searching or elaborate target‐image predesigning. The proposed on‐chip‐driven metasurface for multicolor 3D holography promises future applications in dynamic display, virtual/augmented reality, and liquid sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life‐threatening acute complication of diabetes characterized by the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Breath acetone, a ketone, directly correlates with blood ketones. Therefore, monitoring breath acetone can significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of diabetes care. In this work, the design and fabrication of an InP/Pt/chitosan nanowire array‐based chemiresistive acetone sensor is reported. By incorporation of chitosan as a surface‐functional layer and a Pt Schottky contact for efficient charge transfer processes and photovoltaic effect, self‐powered, highly selective acetone sensing is achieved. The sensor has exhibited an ultra‐wide acetone detection range from sub‐ppb to >100 000 ppm level at room temperature, covering those in the exhaled breath from healthy individuals (300–800 ppb) to people at high risk of DKA (>75 ppm). The nanowire sensor has also been successfully integrated into a handheld breath testing prototype, the Ketowhistle, which can successfully detect different ranges of acetone concentrations in simulated breath samples. The Ketowhistle demonstrates the immediate potential for non‐invasive ketone monitoring for people living with diabetes, in particular for DKA prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzoquinone (BQ) electrode is regarded as next generation energy storage material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its advantages of high theoretical specific capacity, abundant source, environmental friendliness. However, the two key challenges, the dissolution of BQ in organic electrolyte and the low discharge plateaus, impede practical application of BQ as cathode. Here, triphenylamine (TPA) with high working voltage and BQ with high theoretical capacity are used to synthesize triphenylamine‐benzoquinone monomer (TPA‐BQ) and its polymer (poly triphenylamine‐benzoquinone (PTPA‐BQ)) as cathodes for LIBs. The charge/discharge results reveal that the discharge plateaus of TPA‐BQ and PTPA‐BQ increase from ~2.5 V to ~3.5 V, and PTPA‐BQ exhibits high discharge capacity and remarkable cyclic stability compared with TPA‐BQ. The electrochemical mechanism shows that the redox peak potential of ~2.3 V/~2.2 V are assigned to the insertion/extraction of lithium ion in C=O groups of BQ, while at high potential of ~3.6 V/~3.5 V corresponds to the de‐dope/dope of the PF6− anion in TPA unit. The results demonstrate TPA was introduced BQ into small molecule to form PTPA‐BQ polymer that can improve discharge plateaus and charge/discharge performance of BQ small molecule, which provide guides for solving the dissolution and discharge platforms of the other organic electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical bulk‐heterojunction organic photovoltaics (OPV) suffer from instability due to the slowly diffusing small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) under operational conditions. The originally well‐phase‐separated morphology will undergo SMA self‐aggregation to form over‐purified domains that will deteriorate the OPV performance. This issue can be partially alleviated in sequentially processed OPV cells with a planar‐mixed heterojunction absorber, which is intrinsically more robust due to larger domain sizes and a lower degree of mixing. To further enhance the morphological stability, a strategy is developed to inhibit the disordered molecular diffusion that leads to the loss of crystallinity of SMA domains. Two SMAs, C9‐4F and Y6‐OBO, are incorporated as guest acceptors to form an alloy‐like acceptor with the host acceptor BTP‐eC9. These alloy‐like acceptors improved the crystallinity of the acceptor phase by promoting more ordered molecular packing, effectively restraining the diffusion‐caused loss of SMA crystallinity upon illumination. This approach helps maintain favorable gradients and ultimately ensures OPV morphological stability. Consequently, the derived devices exhibited considerably enhanced stability, with the T80 lifetime of C9‐4F‐based devices reaching ≈790 h and a remarkable ≈1010 h for Y6‐OBO‐based devices, significantly surpassing the ≈450 h observed from binary devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing deficiencies in traditional hole‐transporting layer (HTL) materials poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and molybdenum oxide restrict the further advance in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic photoelectric devices. Although conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) display great advantage in serving as HTLs, the low work function (WF) and poor conductivity lead to the inferior performances of CPE‐modified devices. Herein, the important influence of electrostatic potential on p‐doping property of CPEs is revealed, and hence a series of CPEs with obvious p‐type self‐doping property based on simple chemical structures of benzene and thiophene derivatives are designed and synthesized. With a higher electron density of conjugated backbone, the CPE PB3T shows an improved doping effect. Moreover, a simultaneous enhancement of WF and conductivity can be achieved by doping the CPE with polyoxometalate (POM). The resulting CPE composite PB3T:POM exhibits good hole injection/collection ability and is compatible with large‐area production technique. The organic solar cells with active areas of 0.04 and 1.00 cm2 exhibit power conversion efficiency values of 18.1% and 15.6%, respectively. PB3T:POM is also used as HTL to fabricate organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device, and the OLED exhibits a superior luminous efficiency to the PEDOT:PSS device but with a significantly reduced turn‐on voltage from 4.2 to 3.4 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Recent studies have found a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), especially B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL). However, most studies did not classify it and analyze the correlation between HBV and its various subtypes. Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 1424 patients with lymphoma. Differences in the prevalence of HBV infection in patients with different pathological types of lymphoma were analyzed. The clinical characteristics, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of HBV‐positive and negative B‐NHL subtypes were compared according to HBV infection. Results: The HBV infection rate in NHL patients was 7.65%, which was higher than that in HL patients (2.59%, p < 0.05). The HBV infection rate in the B‐NHL was higher than that in the T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (T‐NHL) (8.14% vs. 4.95%). The HBV infection rate in the aggressive B‐NHL was similar to that of the indolent B‐NHL (8.30% vs. 7.88%), and the highest HBV infection rates were found in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, but no significant differences in clinical characteristics, PFS, and OS were seen between HBV‐positive and negative patients in the two subtypes. Conclusions: There was an association between HBV infection and the development of NHL and HBV infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of B‐NHL, but not T‐NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study systematically analyzed the molecular mechanism and function of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NFKB2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate the potential of NFKB2 as a therapeutic target for CRC. Various experimental techniques, including RNA sequencing, proteome chip assays, and small molecule analysis, were used to obtain a deeper understanding of the regulation of NFKB2 in CRC. The results revealed that NFKB2 was upregulated in a significant proportion of patients with advanced hepatic metastasis of CRC. NFKB2 played an important role in promoting tumor growth through CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion. Moreover, NFKB2 directly interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), leading to increased phosphorylation of STAT2 and the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Applying a small molecule inhibitor of NFKB2 (Rg5) led to a reduction in PD‐L1 expression and improved response to programmed death‐1 blockade‐based immunotherapy. In conclusion, the facilitated NFKB2‐STAT2/PD‐L1 axis may suppress immune surveillance in CRC and targeting NFKB2 may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of NFKB2 in CRC immune escape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin injuries pose significant health challenges, with conditions like burns and diabetic, venous, and pressure ulcers presenting complex wound management scenarios. Effective wound care strategies for these injuries encompass a range of interventions, from simple wound dressings to bioactive materials and surgical procedures involving skin substitutes and skin grafting. This review explores the potential of natural polymers, including silk, collagen, gelatin, elastin, cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid, in wound management. Natural polymers offer several advantages, including abundance, biodegradability, and compatibility with traditional and modern material fabrication techniques, and have demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical applications, modulating various facets of the wound healing process. Highlighting preclinical and clinical studies, along with commercial products, this review showcases the versatility and utility of natural polymers in wound management and provides insights into emerging developments, such as 3D bioprinting and stimuli‐responsive materials, which hold promise for personalized wound treatments. Additionally, we discuss the importance of the material format and morphology in engineering the next generation of wound dressings and skin substitutes, offering a pathway to optimize natural polymers for enhanced wound healing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurfaces are recently incorporated with waveguides for in‐plane wave manipulation and extraction, enhancing the capability and design flexibility of integrated photonic devices. However, the unique guided‐wave‐driven scheme poses challenges in achieving multiplexed functionality for on‐chip integrated metasurfaces. Here, an on‐chip direction‐multiplexing strategy is proposed and demonstrated for high‐capacity 3D multiplane projection in free space. By exploring and utilizing the direction‐dependence of the guided‐wave‐driven detour phase manipulation, a 16‐channel on‐chip holography is realized with different images independently encoded at distinct z planes for all four illumination directions. Moreover, the on‐chip full‐space 3D holography is demonstrated by exploiting the conjugated relation of the optical responses driven by the opposite on‐chip illuminations, enabling observation of a total of 16 holographic images in full‐space. The demonstrated on‐chip direction‐multiplexed holography exhibits low background noise or crosstalk and offers high information density and quality, which shows promise for practical applications in data storage, 3D display, and virtual/augmented reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a novel event‐triggered subspace predictive control (ET‐SPC) method for discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems with partially unknown system parameters. An event‐triggered law is developed to alleviate the heavy load of data transmission and computation in the conventional subspace predictive control methods for the LPV systems. The design of the event‐triggered law relies on the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) theory and applies the robust stability condition based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantees the stability of the proposed method. Consequently, the input component can be directly transmitted to the system without receding horizon optimization when the event‐triggered law evaluates that the system satisfies the stability condition. The simulation results illustrate its satisfactory performance, which indicates its potential application involving a considerable amount of data transmission and computation such as the network control systems (NCSs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous Mg alloys scaffolds are considered as an attractive strategy for bone repair due to their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and suitable mechanical properties. In this study, porous Mg–1Zn–1Ca–xMn (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8) scaffolds with cubic pore structure are prepared, and the size of main pore and interconnected pores of the scaffolds are predicted to be 355–450 and 30–50 μm, respectively. Among the four scaffolds, Mg–1Zn–1Ca–0.8Mn scaffold possesses good mechanical properties, with a maximum yield strength of 27.1 and an elastic modulus of 0.66 GPa. However, Mg–1Zn–1Ca–0.5Mn scaffold exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate 1.02 mm year−1 after 5 days immersion in Hank's solution. This is mainly attributed to α‐Mn phase, which is uniformly distributed on the substrate and uniformly degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state rechargeable batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage devices, while their cycling stability is still a great challenge due to the nonuniform lithium ion transportation and the loss of active lithium during cycling. Herein, a LiF embedded prelithiated graphite interface layer is designed and inserted between Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte layer and graphite anode layer. The presence of LiF, C−F bonds and prelithiated graphite in this unique interface layer can facilitate uniform lithium ion migration and compensate the loss of active lithium, thus significantly improving the cyclic performances of both monopolar and bipolar all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries. After 100 cycles at 0.1 C, the capacity retention increases from 58 % to 78.5 % for the monopolar LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2|Li6PS5Cl|LiF@2.5 %Li@G|graphite all‐solid‐state lithium ion battery. Besides, the bipolar all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries show a high discharge plateau of ~7.6 V with a capacity retention of 60.2 % after 190 cycles at 0.1 C. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of LiF embedded prelithiated graphite interface layer for improving the electrochemical performances of all‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Folic acid and vitamin B12 (FV), being B vitamins, not only facilitate the remethylation of homocysteine (Hcy) but also contribute to embryonic development. This study aimed to assess the impact of FV supplementation during late pregnancy on sows' reproductive performance, amino acid metabolism, placental angiogenesis, and related parameters. Twenty primiparous sows at day 60 of gestation were randomly allocated to two groups: a basal diet (CON) group and a group receiving a basal diet supplemented with folic acid at 20 ppm and vitamin B12 at 125 ppb. RESULTS: The findings revealed that dietary FV supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it led to a decrease in the Hcy levels in umbilical cord serum (P < 0.05) and activation of the placental mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Additionally, FV supplementation lowered placental malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05) and increased the expression of placental thioredoxin (P = 0.05). Moreover, maternal FV supplementation notably elevated placental vascular density (P < 0.05) and the expression of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) (P < 0.05), as well as amino acid concentrations in umbilical cord blood (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Maternal FV supplementation during medium to late gestation reduced Hcy levels in umbilical cord blood and positively impacted fetal development. This improvement was closely associated with increased placental antioxidant capacity and vascular density, as well as activation of the placental mTORC1-SNAT2 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective screening and early detection are critical to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Our study aims to explore noninvasive multianalytical biomarkers and construct integrative models for preliminary risk assessment and GC detection. Whole genomewide methylation marker discovery was conducted with CpG tandems target amplification (CTTA) in cfDNA from large asymptomatic screening participants in a high‐risk area of GC. The methylation and mutation candidates were validated simultaneously using one plasma from patients at various gastric lesion stages by multiplex profiling with Mutation Capsule Plus (MCP). Helicobacter pylori specific antibodies were detected with a recomLine assay. Integrated models were constructed and validated by the combination of multianalytical biomarkers. A total of 146 and 120 novel methylation markers were found in CpG islands and promoter regions across the genome with CTTA. The methylation markers together with the candidate mutations were validated with MCP and used to establish a 133‐methylation‐marker panel for risk assessment of suspicious precancerous lesions and GC cases and a 49‐methylation‐marker panel as well as a 144‐amplicon‐mutation panel for GC detection. An integrated model comprising both methylation and specific antibody panels performed better for risk assessment than a traditional model (AUC, 0.83 and 0.63, P <.001). A second model for GC detection integrating methylation and mutation panels also outperformed the traditional model (AUC, 0.82 and 0.68, P =.005). Our study established methylation, mutation and H. pylori‐specific antibody panels and constructed two integrated models for risk assessment and GC screening. Our findings provide new insights for a more precise GC screening strategy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental enrichment has the potential to improve the welfare and post‐release survival of hatchery fish stocked for conservation purposes. However, the effectiveness of environmental enrichment is partly dependent on the fish species, life stage, and specific enrichment structure used. To enhance the effectiveness of environmental enrichment, it is crucial to focus on characteristic differences in enrichment structures, such as type and level. This study investigated how differences in enrichment type and level affected physiological and behavioral aspects of the welfare of pre‐release juvenile rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus by evaluating growth performance, basal and stressed cortisol levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and exploratory behaviors regarding anxiety and flexibility. Fish were reared for 4 weeks in different enrichment treatments: barren, low‐level cover structure, high‐level cover structure, low‐level interference structure (LI), and high‐level interference structure (HI). The results revealed that fish reared with the LI treatment showed less anxiety and greater flexibility with respect to exploratory behaviors, without oxidative damage being detected. Despite exhibiting less anxiety as well, fish reared in the HI treatment had oxidative damage, indicated by lower superoxide dismutase activity, compared to those in the barren treatment. In addition, none of these enrichment structures enhanced growth performance or mitigate chronic and acute stress responses. Overall, the low‐level interference structure may be more favorable in promoting the behavioral welfare of the fish. Application of this type and level of enrichment may increase the survival of the hatchery fish after release, which is critical to stocking success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative pharmacokinetics (PK) studies have efficiently served as the bridge between autoinjectors and prefilled syringes given the underlying principles that comparable exposure could translate to comparable efficacy and safety. This article discusses approaches used to address uncertainties associated with the observation of noncomparable PK leading to the successful introduction of new autoinjector devices for monoclonal antibody and Fc‐fusion protein products. Information from seven case examples suggests a knowledge gap that warrants attention in autoinjector development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the possibility of flexible textile composites as space deployable devices, carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric and thermoplastic polyurethane were compounded by hot‐pressing. The section shape of the carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric flexible textile composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. After hot‐pressing at 120°C for 45 min, the thermoplastic polyurethane is best combined with carbon fiber bundle, and fully melted to form a protective layer, which also ensured the deformability of carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/thermoplastic polyurethane flexible textile composites. The tensile strains of flexible textile composites in the directions of 0°, 15° and 30° were analyzed by digital image correlation. The analysis was carried out from the macroscopic scale, the single cell scale, and the fiber bundle scale, combined with the strain distribution of digital image correlation in the tensile process. From the axial and radial deformation of the bundle and the force analysis of single cell, the phenomena such as strain change, trellising phenomenon, and fabric deformation during tensile were explained. When carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric is added to glass‐fiber composite, the electromagnetic reflection efficiency can be increased by 9%. The research on strain and electromagnetic reflection provided the possibility for the flexible textile composites as a space deployment device. Highlights: Through the use of SEM and hot‐pressing, carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric/TPU flexible textile composites with high coverage were produced.The differences in strain distribution and deformation process throughout the CTFC tensile process at 0°, 15°, and 30° are investigated by DIC and stress analysis.Carbon fiber triaxial woven fabric (TWF) can reflect electromagnetic radiation. TWF can increase the efficacy of reflection in composites. Space deployment is a possible application of TWF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Polysomnographic studies have been performed to investigate the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. However, these studies have revealed discrepant findings. This meta‐analysis aimed to summarise and quantify the characteristics of the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases to identify studies published through October 2019. A total of 11,862 articles were identified, and seven studies with eight independent populations were included in the meta‐analysis. A total of 639 patients with insomnia disorder and 171 healthy controls underwent more than 2 consecutive nights of in‐laboratory polysomnography. Pooled results demonstrated that both variables of sleep continuity and sleep architecture, other than slow‐wave sleep were significantly altered in the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. Furthermore, the results indicated that patients with insomnia disorder had a disruption of sleep continuity in the first‐night effect, including increased sleep onset latency and reduced total sleep time, compared to healthy controls. Overall, the findings show that patients with insomnia disorder experience the first‐night effect, rather than reverse first‐night effect, and the profiles of the first‐night effect in patients with insomnia are different from healthy controls. These indicate that an adaptation night is necessary when sleep continuity and sleep architecture is to be studied in patients with insomnia disorder. More well‐designed studies with large samples are needed to confirm the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Valvular heart disease (VHD) is one of the leading causes of heart failure. Clinically significant VHD can induce different patterns of cardiac remodelling, and risk stratification is challenging in patients with various degrees of cardiac dysfunction. The study aimed to investigate the prognostic implications of Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score in patients with VHD. Methods and results: This study used data from the China Valvular Heart Disease (China‐VHD) registry, which was a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study for patients with significant (at least moderate) VHD. In total, 10 446 patients with moderate or greater VHD from the China‐VHD study were included in the present analysis. The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality within 2 years. Among 10 446 patients with VHD, the mean age was 61.98 ± 13.47 years, and 5819 (55.7%) were male. During 2 years of follow‐up, 895 (8.6%) patients died. The MAGGIC score was monotonically and independently associated with mortality in both total cohort [adjusted hazard ratio: 1.095, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.084–1.107, P < 0.001] and most types of VHD (aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, mixed aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation, and multiple VHD). The score was also an independent prognostic factor in patients with or without symptoms or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and exhibited both satisfactory discrimination and calibration properties in predicting mortality. The prognostic value of MAGGIC score was robust in most quartiles of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level, with no significant interaction observed (Pinteraction = 0.498). Compared with the EuroSCORE II, the MAGGIC score achieved significantly better predictive performance in overall population [C index: 0.769 vs. 0.727; net reclassification improvement index (95% CI): 0.354 (0.313–0.396), P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement index (95% CI): 0.069 (0.052–0.085), P < 0.001] and in subgroups of patients divided by therapeutic strategy, LVEF, symptomatic status, stage of VHD, and aetiology of VHD. Conclusions: The MAGGIC score is a reliable prognostic factor across the range of cardiac dysfunction in VHD and may assist in risk stratification and guide clinical decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the influence of contact pressure on the surface contact state, fretting damage degradation mechanism, crack initiation and propagation characteristics, and fretting fatigue life of A319‐T6 cast aluminum alloy in fretting fatigue test using bridge‐type fretting pad. For a certain range of contact pressure, the fretting fatigue life exhibits a trend of increasing and subsequently decreasing with increasing contact pressure. With finite element analysis, the fretting contact region can be divided into two characteristic zones according to the dynamic evolution of the contact status within one fatigue cycle. The contact pressure affects both the distribution of the two characteristic zones as well as the relative slip range, which results in distinct fretting damage mechanisms. The nucleation characteristics and propagation paths of fatigue cracks under three typical contact pressures were analyzed considering the effects of fretting damage and heterogeneous microstructures of the alloy, accounting for the contact pressure dependency of the fretting fatigue life. Highlights: The dynamic evolution of the contact status affected by contact pressure is considered.The fretting damage evolution with the variation of contact pressure is evaluated.The nucleation characteristics and propagation paths of fatigue cracks are elaborated.The contact pressure dependency of the fretting fatigue life is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In order to study the effect of adsorption of surfactant at the two interfacial layers on emulsion stability, the kinetically stable water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) emulsion carriers were prepared using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and gum arabic (GA) as emulsifiers. The relationship between the adsorption of the surfactant and the stability mechanism of the emulsions was elucidated. RESULTS: When the contents of PGPR and GA were low, the interfaces between oil and the inner and outer water phases, respectively, could not be completely covered. However, when the concentration of PGPR was higher than 60 g kg−1, the excess PGPR was adsorbed on the interface between the oil phase and the outer water phase. When the concentration of GA reached 80 g kg−1, more GA was adsorbed to the oil‐in‐water interface. Moreover, the presence of PGPR on the interface could reduce the adsorption capacity of GA. Two types of kinetically stable emulsions were obtained by optimizing the interface composition (60 g kg−1 GA/80 g kg−1 PGPR and 60 g kg−1 PGPR/80 g kg−1 GA). The kinetically stable W/O/W emulsions prepared in this study were successfully used to encapsulate a hydrophilic vitamin (vitamin B12) with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 80% and release efficiency (RE) of 95%. The interfacial adsorption GA can accelerate the hydrolysis of fat. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study provides a new strategy for the preparation of W/O/W emulsions, which might be beneficial for application in food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescent materials remain a great challenge, since short peak wavelength <400 nm and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) <50 nm are simultaneously required. In this sense, multi‐resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters featuring narrow‐band emissions hold the promise for UV applications. Herein, a novel MR‐TADF skeleton featuring carbazole‐phosphine oxide (P=O) fused aromatics is developed to construct the first two UV MR emitters named CzP2PO and tBCzP2PO. In addition to synergistic resonance effects of P=O and N atom, sp3‐hybrid P atom renders the curved polycyclic planes of CzP2PO and tBCzP2PO, giving rise to their narrowband UV emissions with peak wavelengths <390 nm and FWHM<35 nm. Besides configuration quasi‐planarization for radiation enhancement and quenching suppression, P=O moiety further enhances singlet‐triplet coupling to facilitate reverse intersystem crossing, resulting in the state‐of‐the‐art photoluminescence quantum yield of 62 % in tBCzP2PO doped films. As consequence, tBCzP2PO endowed its UV organic light‐emitting diodes with the peak at 382 nm and FWHM of 32 nm, and especially the record‐high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.1 % among all kinds of UV devices. Our results demonstrate great potential of P=O based MR emitters in practical applications including optoelectronics, biology and medicine science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin halide perovskite solar cells are promising for the next generation of highly efficient photovoltaics. Their commercialization can be accelerated by increasing their stability in moisture and oxygen. Herein, an n‐type organic molecule (IO‐4Cl) is applied as an interlayer between the perovskite films and electron transport layers in p‐i‐n structured devices. The electron‐rich indacenodithieno‐[3,2‐b]thiophene enhances electron transport, while the hydrocarbon side chains and rigid conjugated backbone isolate air. It is also shown that the C═O in IO‐4Cl can coordinate with Sn2+ on perovskite films' surface and grain boundaries to enhance perovskite crystal stability. In addition, IO‐4Cl slows down crystallization dynamics, resulting in lower non‐radiation recombination. The moisture ingress in the perovskite films is tracked under high relative humidity (RH) and it is found that IO‐4Cl can mitigate moisture infiltration. Finally, the devices with IO‐4Cl maintain 95% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 1200 h of storage in a nitrogen‐filled glovebox, and their stability in ambient air (60–80% RH) is significantly improved against pristine devices, thus demonstrating the beneficial effects of IO‐4Cl interlayer on device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comminuted fractures are orthopedic traumas with greater surgical difficulty. In clinical treatment, a great challenge is precise reduction of multiple broken bone fragments; Another great challenge is personalized and precise internal fixation after reduction. For these two issues, we designed an automated method framework for precise reduction and internal fixation of comminuted fractures. First, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to distinguish section points and noise points in a broken bone model; Second, ellipse fitting is carried out to achieve section points matching and a descriptor is proposed to describe the section features; Then, the Convolution Auto‐Encoder (CAE) and genetic algorithm are used to extract feature vectors; Finally, after broken bone models registration, internal fixed plate can be reconstructed. Three verification experiments for comminuted bone fracture show this method has high accuracy and good efficiency. It can provide support for minimally invasive treatment for comminuted fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the concept of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality was put forward, the experience of using AR/VR devices comparable to the real world has become the motivation and target of the related industries. However, to get better visual immersion, the display module resolution needs to be retina level, i.e., 3000~4000 PPI, or else it will produce a screen door effect, which will degrade the user experience. Since higher PPI means smaller pixel pitch and PDL GAP, the balance between product lifetime and manufacturing cost will be difficult to maintain, which challenges the existing fine‐metal mask version (FMM)‐based AMOLED process steps. To meet the requirements of PPI, we fabricated periodically repeating microstructures to form a grating layer above the light‐emitting area to realize the resolution enhancement, and analyzed the effects of refractive index, thickness, and other parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Canada and Climate Change" is a book by William Leiss that aims to persuade non-expert readers to trust the consensus position on climate change articulated by global climate scientists. The book takes a sociological and historical approach to analyze climate change, focusing on the evolution of climate science and government responses to it. It also explores the implications of greenhouse gas emissions projections for 2030 and suggests that China can take on a global leadership role in addressing climate change. The book encourages Canadians and people worldwide to engage in climate action and emphasizes the urgent need for swift governance measures. [Extracted from the article]

On‐chip integrated meta‐optics hold tremendous potential for optical imaging and display applications compatible with integrated photonic devices. Despite recent endeavors in multi‐dimensional image display, it remains a challenge to realize dynamic holography applications with on‐chip integration scheme and facile accessible tuning approach. Herein, an on‐chip hydrogel‐waveguiding platform with single‐step fabrication is demonstrated for dynamic colorful holography. By exploiting the optical tunable property of the waveguiding hydrogel, the on‐chip hydrogel metasurface enables optical concealment ON/OFF and dynamic dual‐channel holographic switch within 310 ms through a simple exhalation process. Furthermore, utilizing the waveguiding hydrogel dispersion and the correlation between extraction efficiency and relative humidity, a color‐mixed holographic image is encrypted and successfully exhibited at specific humidity condition. Beyond the conventional static on‐chip monochromatic holography, such a dynamic on‐chip hydrogel platform enjoys satisfactory humidity‐responsivity, high integration capability, full‐color potential, and zero‐order diffraction interference‐free, which suggests potential applications in active optical information concealment/encryption, full‐color holography, and next‐generation wearable AR devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC‐TENGs) arising from electrostatic breakdown have garnered significant attention due to their advantages of rectification‐free operation, constant current output, and high output power density. Previous studies have primarily concentrated on improving its performance through structural design and parameter optimization, neglecting the potential benefits of external charge excitation. Here, a facile and universal strategy coupling charge pump and electric field enhancing effect with DC‐TENG (CE‐DC‐TENG) is proposed to improve the output performance of DC‐TENG. An alternating current TENG is used as the charge pump. A field‐enhancing conductive layer, which is introduced under the main DC‐TENG, is connected with the pump TENG to accumulate the charge and enhance the electric field for electrostatic breakdown. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by linear and rotary sliding mode TENGs. Furthermore, a fully integrated rotary sliding mode CE‐DC‐TENG is designed and fabricated, and it exhibits impressive performance with a 13‐fold higher power density of 1.56 W m−2 compared to conventional DC‐TENG. Moreover, it can directly power small electronics or be combined with a designed power management circuit for more efficient energy conversion. This work presents a new design strategy for improving the performance of DC‐TENG and facilitating its practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a collection of chronic inflammatory conditions impacting the gastrointestinal tract, with a discernible global rise in prevalence and severity. The overabundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intestinal environment leads disruption of local redox homeostasis, and perturbation of the gut microbiota, exacerbating IBD. Consequently, mitigating excess ROS and preserving gut microbiota homeostasis have emerged as effective approaches for IBD management. In this study, a triangular DNA origami nanostructure loaded with siRNA targeting tumor necrosis factor α (siTNF‐αtDON) is introduced for this purpose. This nanostructure demonstrates efficacy in eliminating ROS within cells closely associated with IBD, diminishing inflammation, and ameliorating disorders in gut microbiota, as evidenced in an IBD mouse model. Furthermore, this investigation demonstrates the effects of siTNF‐αtDON on related inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF‐κB, MAPK/ERK and Keap1/Nrf2. Collectively, this study offers insights into the potential utilization of DNA nanostructures as antioxidants and gut microbiota modulators, presenting promising avenues for the IBD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resting, a common procedure performed before cycling, is identified to have a significant impact on the cycle performance of acidic aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZBs). It is demonstrated that resting duration significantly affects the Zn anode's cyclability and is closely related to the evolution of zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS), a byproduct formed on the Zn anode in AZBs, even without electrochemical cycling. Mechanism analysis suggests that both the uniformity and quantity of ZHS are critical factors in determining the electrode's cycling stability. Consequently, controlling the interfacial ZHS effectively enhances the cycle performance of the Zn electrode by preventing Zn corrosion and promoting uniform Zn stripping/plating during cycling. It is demonstrated that an effective hydrothermal ZHS layer can protect the Zn electrode, rendering it less susceptible to resting impacts, resulting in a long cycle life of over 3800 h at 2 mA cm−2−0.5 mAh cm−2. With a 30% depth of discharge, this strategy helps to extend the cycle life to >1000 h. (4 mA cm−2–2 mAh cm−2). The findings not only highlight the importance of standardizing the resting period in evaluating the AZBs performance, but also lead to the relationship understanding among resting, ZHS evolution, and Zn electrode cyclability, further guiding strategy to improve the cycling stability of AZBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal glucose metabolism is a common disease of the endocrine system. The effects of drugs on glucose metabolism have been reported frequently in recent years, and since abnormal glucose metabolism increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, metabolic disorders, and infection, clinicians need to pay close attention to these effects. A variety of common drugs can affect glucose metabolism and have different mechanisms of action. Hypertension is a common chronic cardiovascular disease that requires long-term medication. Studies have shown that various antihypertensive drugs also have an impact on glucose metabolism. Among them, α-receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers can improve insulin resistance, while β-receptor blockers, thiazides and loop diuretics can impair glucose metabolism. The aim of this review was to discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of various antihypertensive drugs on glucose metabolism in order to provide reference information for rational clinical drug use., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)