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The market for polycarbonate (PC), a versatile material, is growing rapidly. Despite its widespread use in many applications, poor chemical resistance and roughness have hindered its adoption as a substrate in solar cell technologies. Here, the first‐ever perovskite solar cell (PSC) is demonstrated on PC films. A solution‐processed planarizing layer is developed using a commercial ambient‐curable refractory resin through blade coating which decreased film roughness from 1.46 µm to 23 nm, lowered water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) by a half, and significantly improved solvent resistance enabling deposition of precursor inks. The PSCs are fabricated on the planarized PC substrate, with a customized ITO electrode with an average visible transparency of 78%, sheet resistance of 25 Ω/sq, and a safe bending radius of 20 mm. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 13.0%. The unencapsulated PSCs retained 80% of initial PCE after 1776 h upon ISOS‐D‐1 shelf‐life tests. These results open new pathways for integrating solar cells in many products made from PC materials, such as ID cards, smart cards, windows, skylights, buildings, and product packaging, as well as introducing a new solution for planarization and solvent barrier that can be used for other types of optoelectronic devices (LEDs, transistors, etc.) and substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic toll collection system (ETCS) devices on vehicles communicate wirelessly with road head devices at toll stations. ETCS is preferred in countries because it is more convenient and efficient than manual toll collection. However, the scattered and constant innovations in this sector require a bridge between worldwide ETCS usage and advancements and a single page to grasp this sector's developments to ensure further developments. Following a systematic review, this study examined ETCS worldwide and technology adaption considering the scopes, limitations, usages, and related technology of the ever‐developing electronic toll collection system. Existing ETCS technologies have been investigated and synchronized with ingrowing tech disparity to overcome the research synchronization gap. The study also included a bibliometric assessment to identify the important areas of research, technologies most used, degree of knowledge generated, growth/trend of the researches, most well‐known authors, keywords, countries, documents, source of publication, and so on considering time‐to‐time changes. The study provided bibliometric solutions to the gap of lack of synchronization of research worldwide and even ETCS implementation difference within a country, which complicated collaboration with the central system and linked organizations and made it difficult for users to adapt the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post‐pandemic era, tourism has emerged as the most popular form of recreation in densely populated areas, driven by the pursuit of improved quality of life and the younger generation's growing enthusiasm for connecting with nature or history. Accurate measurement of the accessibility of tourist attractions has become crucial due to this trend. However, existing methods for measuring accessibility, such as the widely used two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, show limitations in multi‐modal transport networks as it overlooks multi‐modal travels and assumes uniform access for each transport mode within the catchment area. In this article, we present a novel multi‐modal network‐based two‐step floating catchment area (MMN‐2SFCA) method, which incorporates a super‐network to explicitly model the multi‐modal travels. The proposed method emphasizes the modeling of transfer behavior, resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate measurement of tourist attraction accessibility compared to the conventional 2SFCA method. The proposed method emphasizes the modeling of transfer behavior, travel mode choice, and travel demand estimation by multi‐source big data (including mobile phone signaling data, travel survey data, subway smart card data, and bike‐sharing data), resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate measurement of tourist attraction accessibility compared to the conventional 2SFCA method. The results of the case study in Suzhou (a famous tourism city in China) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MMN‐2SFCA method. The method can rectify the imbalance in accessibility distribution caused by considering only single‐modal trips, and avoid overestimation of accessibility by accounting for transfer behavior. This study contributes to advancing accessibility measurement for multi‐modal transport networks. Moreover, the MMN‐2SFCA method offers excellent extensibility, enabling authorities to optimize and coordinate multi‐modal transport networks for improving the accessibility of tourist attractions and other facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the United States released the CDC‐issued vaccination card to document the status of immunizations. It eventually was used as a verification system to allow patrons to safely access public venues. This is/was apparently a simple printed piece of paper with minimal security features which made it an easy target for counterfeiters with little expertise required. Those unvaccinated who wished to enter areas that required proof of the COVID‐19 vaccine were soon finding alternative illegal methods to do so which led to public health concerns. This research was divided into two parts. Part A aimed to forensically identify the security features with a video spectral comparator and a stereomicroscope. Ten "known" blank cards were collected directly from dispensaries that administered the vaccine and 68 "unknowns" from individuals who received the COVID‐19 vaccine. Part B aimed to evaluate the authentication systems employed by countries outside the United States to propose a model on how the vaccination card could be improved and what security features should be included for future instances requiring proof of immunization. The results revealed the CDC document was produced with minimal security features making the document prone to counterfeiting. Furthermore, based on the information collected from other countries' vaccination certificates, it is recommended to develop a dual authentication system, with digital and printable aspects, that contains a QR code linked to a database. Other security features may include a non‐optical brightener substrate, security fibers, a watermarked logo, offset printing, and a geographical color‐coded system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is widely used for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, graft‐vs‐host disease, and other immune‐related conditions. To avoid clotting during treatment, the ECP system used must be effectively primed with an anticoagulant. Heparin is the recommended anticoagulant for the THERAKOS CELLEX System, but acid citrate dextrose‐A (ACDA) is often used. We compared system performance between these two anticoagulants for this ECP system. Deidentified data for ECP device performance were obtained at each treatment session, from automatically logged Smart Cards or labels completed by device operators. We compared the effects of ACDA or heparin on overall treatment duration, buffy coat (leukocyte) collection time, photoactivation time and the number of alarms and warnings. The variability in these parameters was also assessed. Data from 23 334 treat sessions were analyzed; ACDA was used in 34.4% and heparin in 65.6%. Overall, the ECP procedure duration, buffy coat collection time and photoactivation time were numerically similar regardless of whether ACDA or heparin was used, and regardless of needle mode. Photoactivation time variability was lower with ACDA compared with heparin in all needle modes. Among treatments that were completed automatically without any operator intervention, total treatment duration and photoactivation time were significantly reduced with ACDA use in both the double‐ and single‐needle modes. The data presented indicate that, in both double‐ and single‐needle modes, the THERAKOS® CELLEX® integrated ECP system performed similarly with ACDA compared to heparin, although ACDA demonstrated potential benefits in reducing variability in photoactivation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, flexible and wearable electronics such as smart cards, smart fabrics, bio‐sensors, soft robotics, and internet‐linked electronics have impacted our lives. In order to meet the requirements of more flexible and adaptable paradigm shifts, wearable products may need to be seamlessly integrated. A great deal of effort has been made in the last two decades to develop flexible lithium‐ion batteries (FLIBs). The selection of suitable flexible materials is important for the development of flexible electrolytes self‐supported and supported electrodes. This review is focused on the critical discussion of the factors that evaluate the flexibility of the materials and their potential path toward achieving the FLIBs. Following this analysis, we present how to evaluate the flexibility of the battery materials and FLIBs. We describe the chemistry of carbon‐based materials, covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and MXene‐based materials and their flexible cell design that represented excellent electrochemical performances during bending. Furthermore, the application of state‐of‐the‐art solid polymer and solid electrolytes to accelerate the development of FLIBs is introduced. Analyzing the contributions and developments of different countries has also been highlighted in the past decade. In addition, the prospects and potential of flexible materials and their engineering are also discussed, providing the roadmap for further developments in this fast‐evolving field of FLIB research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uroflowmetry is useful to screen for and manage many voiding disorders. Home‐based uroflowmetry might better represent the patient's true voiding pattern and be more widely adopted if an accurate low‐cost portable device was available. Objective: Development and initial evaluation of an open‐platform, open‐source low‐cost portable uroflowmeter. Materials and Methods: We designed and built an uroflowmeter comprising of a load cell and digital memory card unit connected to a programmable microcontroller board mounted upon a 3D printed frame. It generated date‐stamped tables which were processed and plotted. Twenty urologists were recruited to assess the device. Each participant received the equipment that was returned, along with a bladder diary, after at least 24 consecutive hours of homemade uroflowmetry recording. Additionally, were assessed with the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I‐PSS) and Peeling diagram, whereas the device's ease of use, robustness, and portability were evaluated with a Likert‐type questionnaire. Two experienced urodynamicists independently evaluated the tracings' quality rated with a 3° ordinal scale: (1) Interpretable without artifacts; (2) Interpretable with artifacts; (3) Uninterpretable. Results: Participants' median age was 36.6 years old, none having an I‐PSS > 5 or Peeling > 2. Overall 138 voidings were recorded (77 daytime, 61 nightly episodes). The device's ease of use, robustness, and portability obtained maximum score in 80% of evaluations. Most (98%) of the tracings were considered interpretable. Limitations included its small study population and short monitoring times. Conclusion: The construction of a cheap (<50 USD), accurate user‐friendly portable uroflowmeter proved feasible, which could facilitate access to portable uroflowmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]