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Utilization of fruit peel wastes to grow thraustochytrids for nutritional enrichment of wastes will lower environmental and economic costs associated with feedstock specific for aquaculture industries. In this study, high-carbohydrate content agricultural wastes, such as orange, pineapple, banana, and mausambi fruit peels were enriched with essential fatty acids producing thraustochytrids Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276. Characterizations of fruit peels revealed the presence of high carbohydrate content (9–16%) and reducing sugars essential for the growth of thraustochytrids. Optimization for lipid production of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276 was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with different concentrations of fruit peels in solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. Fruit peels composed of SSF experiments were designed using a central composite design. Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276 cells efficiently utilized the sugar components of fruit peels for their growth and lipid accumulation. Different SSF composites made of fruit peels were significantly enriched with fatty acids of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276 cells. Culturing Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276 cells with these waste materials demonstrated distinct responses towards lipid accumulation at different compositions. The optimized SSF composite consists of 9.91 g 100 mL−1 orange, 5 g 100 mL−1 mausambi, 4.12 g 100 mL−1 pineapple, and 8.01 g 100 mL−1 banana peels and was enriched with 8.37% of Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276-derived lipids. This study expands the benefits and bioprocessing potential of essential fatty acids producing Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC276 along with fruit peel wastes which a frontier in circular bioeconomy and valorizing waste for usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With newer anti-obesity medications (AOMs) being introduced at a rapid pace, it is prudent to make a concise and updated clinical practice document that may help busy clinicians in daily clinical practice. A group of metabolic physicians, diabetologists, endocrinologists, and bariatric surgeons assembled during the Integrated Diabetes and Endocrine Academy 2023 Congress (IDEACON, July 2023, Kolkata, India) to compile an update of pharmacotherapeutic options for managing people with obesity in India. After an extensive review of the literature by experts in different domains, this update provides all available information on the management of obesity, with a special emphasis on both currently available and soon-to-be-available AOMs, in people with obesity. Several newer AOMs have been shown to reduce body weight significantly, thus poised to make a paradigm shift in the management of obesity. While the tolerability and key adverse events associated with these AOMs appear to be acceptable in randomized controlled trials, pharmacovigilance is vital in real-world settings, given the absence of sufficiently long-term studies. The easy availability and affordability of these drugs is another area of concern, especially in developing countries like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelargonium graveolens L., essential oil (EO) has various therapeutic properties, including aromatherapy. The present experiment was designed to investigate chemical makeup of the P. graveolens (Geranium) EO from Northeast India using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and the pharmacological potential was determined using a range of assays along with Allium cepa assay for genotoxicity study. GC-MS analysis of the EO revealed the presence of 11 compounds with a total 97.43% identified area, with citronellol (32.84%), geraniol (23.62%), and citronellyl formate (12.14%) as the major compounds. The essential oil exhibited type-II anti-diabetic properties with an IC50 6.66 μL/mL and skin whitening potential IC50 of 1.89 μL/mL. P. graveolens EO (IC50 26.16 μL/mL) was found to possess comparatively weaker anti-inflammatory agent than the standard diclofenac (IC50 9.24 μL/mL) in the protease inhibitory test. The EO demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 22.68 μL/mL than ascorbic acid IC50 12.53 μL/mL in the ABTS assay. The EO was found to moderately affect the mitotic index (15.32%) and induce chromosomal aberrations (11.40%) at a concentration of 1 μL/mL after 72 h of exposure. Based on the findings the Northeast Indian variety of P. graveolens EO exhibits promising type-II anti-diabetic and skin whitening properties, which could be further utilized in the formulation of anti-diabetic and skin whitening agents after validation through clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]