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The paper argues for the renewed relevance of time geography in tourism in light of the use of mobile technologies and ubiquitous connectivity. The paper proposes the concept of phygitality to understand how digital technologies are used in physical space, and how the interaction between the physical and the digital reconfigures tourists' projects, paths, bundles, and constraints. The theoretical contribution builds on fifteen semi-structured interviews. The analysis shows that capability, coupling, and authority constraints are altered and mediated by digital devices. In the phygital time-space, tourists orient themselves in physical spaces, influenced by digital information; they create phygital paths and move between stations that result from the overlaying of digital information onto the physical space. Tourists' goal-oriented mobility results in phygital projects, where logics of efficiency and optimization reduce the liminality of the tourist experience. Tourists' bundles are created within and outside the physical vacation prism through digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for more sustainable tourism has long been recognised, and the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated renewed calls for large-scale and rapid transformation of the sector. Attractive as such calls were, implementing aspirations for more sustainable futures requires significant 'buy-in' from the demand side. Yet, substantive evidence of tourists desiring more sustainable futures was lacking. This paper aims to address this empirical deficit and to critically reflect on early pandemic rhetoric calling for transformative change. It reports on the results from a panel survey conducted with visitors to Northern Devon—a UK destination with a long-standing commitment to sustainable development—who stayed overnight in the region during Coronavirus restrictions. Of three possible trajectories for tourism development, the majority of respondents preferred a sustainable future. However, just under a quarter preferred a scenario associated with further growth in tourism, and this trajectory was perceived as the most likely to occur. Using a case-study approach, the paper critiques emergent discourse around sustainability transitions in tourism, highlighting a supply-side emphasis in extant analysis and the need for closer examination of tourist preferences for transitional pathways. If conceptual architectures from Transitions Studies are to support the implementation of sustainability transitions in tourism, both the Multi-Level Perspective and the Transitions Management approach must consider tourists' perspectives on destination change more carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before COVID-19, visitors from China, were a prime target for the European tourism industries. Yet, their mobility was constrained by the Schengen visa requirement for any trip to a European Union (EU)’s Member States. While the literature on Schengen visa policy has highlighted the repressive practices of street-level bureaucrats processing visa applications abroad, this article seeks to understand how Schengen visa policy is implemented when the objective is to attract potential visitors rather than drive them away. The paper argues that the economic imperative to attract Chinese tourists to Europe is turning local consular cooperation from Schengen into local consular competition. To support this claim and using ethnographic methods as well as a relational approach to implementation, the paper develops the concept of visa marketing to analyse the race to attractiveness between French and Italian consulates based in Beijing, the capital of China. Visa marketing refers to the use of visa procedures (receipt conditions, reliability, processing speed, etc.) by consulates as sales arguments to advertise the destination they represent. In essence, the article presents a case of domestic actors appropriating common visa regimes, engaging in competition to entice foreign consumers to their territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the author's personal experiences in Guatemala, this paper outlines some problematic issues in well-intentioned interventions in that country. The distribution of community-oriented projects by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) does not align with either the population distribution nor the needs of the people as indexed by poverty levels. Instead, projects are located in areas with favorable climates that are frequented by tourists. Negative aspects of the interventions may include untoward consequences of microfinance initiatives, lack of collaboration among NGOs, exploitative use of photographs of vulnerable children, and goals inconsistent with those of parents and communities. Both short-term and long-term evaluations are essential to ensure that interventions are benefiting the well-being of individuals and strengthening the social fabric of their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shift from memorable to transformative experiences is taking place in the emerging transformation economy. Experiences constitute the essence of the tourism industry. While the literature has recognized the link between sustainability and local food, how local food affects tourists’ perceived sustainability, service experience, satisfaction, and advocacy is little known. This paper contributes to filling this research gap by examining the relationship between local food and sustainability at Spanish destinations within the transformative service theoretical framework. We conducted a questionnaire on 1476 Spanish tourists to show that service experience, perceived sustainability, and local food, are fundamental to any tourist destination strategy. Data reveal that perceived sustainability is a determining factor of tourists’ service experience at the destination, and the perception of local food reinforces perceived sustainability. Moreover, tourists’ service experience significantly and positively affects satisfaction and, consequently, advocacy. The significance of safe experience as an additional dimension of the service experience is also shown. This paper contributes to the transformative service literature in the field of tourism by demonstrating the enhancing role of local food over visitors’ sustainable experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the single group and the single economy have increased rapidly, the growing group of tourists-solo tourists has been neglected by scholars for a long time. This paper takes them as the research object and explores their happiness via travel. Based on the network text data, the paper finds that the formation of solo tourists' well-being can be divided into three stages, which are the anticipation before traveling alone, the experience during travel, and the happiness precipitation after traveling alone. The well-being of ST is a complex concept which includes 8 categories. There are similarities and differences between the happiness of solo tourists and that of ordinary tourists. The pleasure is the same as ordinary tourists' well-being. The sense of escape, meaning of life, and gain are similar and different. The sense of control, reality, freedom, and ease are the unique facts of ST's well-being. The research reveals the formation process of ST's well-being and the richness of their connotations, providing a theoretical basis for stimulating the well-being of the unique group and enriching and expanding the research results of tourism well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates tourist information behaviour on-site in light of the ubiquitous access to information afforded by smartphones. The study problematizes existing literature on information search behaviour and connects it with theories of unplanned behaviour. Through the concept of planned serendipity, the paper highlights how tourist information behaviour is a complex phenomenon that does not necessarily answer to a dichotomy between spontaneity and planning. The study employs a combination of Experience Sampling Method and semi-structured interviews, which allow the researcher to collect data both during and after the trip. Four themes are identified that challenge key assumptions in tourist information behaviour literature: (1) emergent and contingent plans, (2) cognitive effort on-site: iterative and specific search process, (3) tourist-centric orientation in time and space, (4) aiming for optimization. The paper concludes that tourists' 'phygital' information environment both enables and constrains serendipity. The dichotomy of structure vs. serendipity is not sufficient to explain the role of serendipity in travel planning, where planned and unplanned behaviour coexist. The paper also contributes to the methodological landscape of research on tourist experiences and shows that everyday technologies like the smartphone can be harnessed to access the on-site stage, reducing recall bias and increasing ecological validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the mechanism of tourist crowding perception on their decisions of absolute displacement based on the conservation of resource theory and social influence theory. We collected 455 valid questionnaires from a tourism destination (West Street in Quanzhou city) in China. Results show that both physical crowding and human crowding motivate tourists to select absolute displacement. Perceived wait time partly mediates the effect of physical crowding on absolute displacement, while it fully mediates the effect of human crowding on absolute displacement. Travel group size negatively moderates the effect of tourist crowding perception on absolute displacement. Theoretically, this paper enriches the literature and theories on understanding the mechanism of crowding perception on tourist behavior and expands insights into how tourists respond to crowded situations. Practically, this paper provides implications for destination marketing organizations to use various tourism services to solve over-tourism issues and achieve sustainable tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents represent one of the main stakeholders in a tourism destination. They have the power to influence the planning and development of tourism destinations in many ways. They can contribute to destination development directly, via local initiatives and communities, or indirectly in local government elections. This paper focuses on the indirect method of influencing tourism development. It deals with the relationship among residents' perception of tourism impact, economic, and socio-demographic profile, and their political preferences in local elections. This paper proposes an integrative model and uses the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) for testing this relationship in Český Krumlov, Czechia. The results confirm the relationships between the perception of tourism benefits and costs and residents' political preferences in local elections. The main factors affecting residents' voting decisions were identified as increasing quality of life, additional tax revenue, rising value of residents' real estate, and overcrowding and disruption of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on urban policy responses to increasing tourism have moved beyond the physical impact of tourism to also include the way tourism is framed by social movements. This paper contributes to this line of research with a focus on frame resonance: the extent to which frames strike a responsive chord with the public in general and policymakers in particular. We introduce a specific form of frame amplification through cultural resonance; the appeal to pre-existing societal beliefs. Using an analysis of policy documents, print, online and social media, we demonstrate that frames around tourist shops in Amsterdam appealed to pre-existing beliefs that portray the inner city as: a delicate mix of functions, an infrastructure for criminal activities, and a business card reflecting the city's quality of place. These beliefs amplified frame resonance to such an extent that they convinced an initially reluctant local government to ban tourist shops from the inner city, a policy that undermines the accessibility and inclusivity of urban spaces that the local government aims to promote (SDG 11). This suggests that the contingencies in the local context that enable or foreclose the cultural resonance of frames are essential in understanding policy responses to touristification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have started to discuss volunteer tourism and religion, and this study aims to build on this research momentum. The paper explores street-aid volunteer tourism as a micro-niche and, more specifically, Faith-Based Volunteer tourism (FBVT). Drawing on qualitative data, this study explores the activities of three organisations and their volunteers in an international setting. In the process, the author uses the Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) to examine the motivations of faith-based volunteer tourist and what these motivations mean in today's secular society. The author confirms that religiosity, which is complex and multi-layered and requires further attention, should be a separate measurement. Thus, a clear framework or understanding of intrinsic/extrinsic or personal/ institutional religious motivations would help better understand religion's complexity and a deeper study of spiritual psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global tourism competition has entered home and family space. Drawing upon ethnographic research in Guatemala, this paper investigates the postcolonial gendered politics that shape (and are shaped by) global tourism competition, homestays, and mothering labour. It shows how Guatemalan women turn to hosting as an economic strategy and, in doing so, become part of a complex power relationship between Spanish schools and their (primarily Western) language tourists (or ‘students’). Spanish schools only work with ‘host-mums’ deemed capable of meeting their students’ needs, desires, and expectations of homestays as affordable, enjoyable, pedagogical experiences of ‘real’ family. To achieve this, Guatemalan women become cosmopolitan, competitive subjects who devise and enact strategies to commodify, transform, and perform their mothering labour and homes/families in ways that appeal to their Western students. Far beyond creating desirable touristic experiences, the everyday competitive mothering of tourists is having widespread consequences at the personal, local, and global levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism resort events allow mass tourists to intervene to establish resort reputations among other destinations. From the locus of attribution theory perspective, this paper is the first to explore tourists defending behavior toward resorts' reputations through destination social responsibility and information adequacy lenses. Through questioning 240 tourists in the Red Sea resorts, the study found that defending is a post-attribution behavior. The study found that tourists who internally (vs. externally) attribute the event outcomes tend (vs. ignore) to defend the Red Sea resorts' reputation. Nevertheless, resorts' reputation could maintain defending behavior in case of external attribution with the presence of their perception of resorts' social responsibility and information adequacy. Such defending behavior approach enables crucial managerial implications for the Red Sea resort managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an emerging body of research that focuses on the experiences of tourists with visual impairment. This has established that such tourists face many barriers, difficulties and challenges, predominantly relating to the design of the physical environments of tourism or the attitudes of employees. However, the issue of positive and high-quality experiences among visually-impaired tourists has been neglected. To advance the debate, this paper examines such positive experiences. It adopts a qualitative, interpretivist approach and makes use of semi-structured interviews with (predominantly young) British people with a visual impairment. Five factors were identified that contribute to positive holiday experiences: excellent customer service; the kindness of strangers (both local people and other tourists); provision of audio and tactile interpretation at visitor attractions that allowed a sense of inclusion; the transformative potential of new navigational technologies; and the support provided by specialist companies which understand the particular requirements of tourists with a visual impairment. Therefore holidays for people with a visual impairment are not solely defined by challenges and barriers, and such tourists can have rich, rewarding and inclusive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper ascertains how small accommodation firms can contribute to sustainability by creating shared value (CSV) through adapting their product. A sequential mixed methods approach was adopted including interviews with small accommodation providers and an online survey from domestic leisure tourists. Results demonstrate that adapting the accommodation product through implementing local food initiatives and messages positively influences guests’ sustainable behaviour through their willingness to purchase local food, resulting in value creation for various stakeholders including local community and businesses in the region. Adapting the product will also increase guests’ satisfaction with their stay, yielding economic profits for the accommodation providers. Nevertheless, fostering a supportive environment through institutional systems and inter-firm relations is crucial for CSV to function as an effective strategy for these small firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to examine the issue of ski resort development in Poland from the perspective of its limitations. In the study, we consider the uncertainty of snow and temperature conditions, along with governmental regulations, social and institutional conflicts, as well as the impact of other local and non-local factors on ski tourism businesses. The research was conducted in the form of a survey of 33 domestic tourist entities managing ski resorts. The following development barriers were identified and discussed: cost of new investments and modernization of existing facilities, cost of adaptation to changing climate conditions, time-consuming and complicated legal proceedings related to the investment process, unordered in law issues of land ownership used for ski tourism. Strongly endogenous in nature, the domestic ski-tourism market is still evolving and transforming. The model of ski resort development employed in Poland fosters multidimensional linkages in destination systems between the ski resort sector and other tourism services and local communities. Due to the fact that revenue streams cannot be predicted, operational stability and a solid competitive advantage will be gained in the long term by ski resorts and ski-related tourist destinations capable of offering a number of services complementary to skiing itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the impact of international stay-over arrivals on tax revenue for tourism-dependent Small Island Developing States (SIDS). To this end, we constructed a unique monthly panel data set of stay-over arrivals and tax revenue and its various components for the period 2002–2018 for Eastern Caribbean SIDS. A Bartik-type instrumental variables estimator exploiting differences in the exposure to and the extent of shocks in the origin markets was used to quantify the impact of stay-over arrivals on tax revenue and its different sources. Our results showed a large cumulative positive elasticity to tourism arrivals of 26.98% for total revenue, 26.86% for goods and services revenue, 23.62% for international trade and transactions revenue, 20.5% for income and profits revenue and 5.54% for property revenue. The findings demonstrate the region's strong dependence on tourism for government income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism industry is fragile as it is prone to numerous risks such as the outbreak of deadly viruses, and natural and human-made disasters. These risks have a significant impact on tourists' decisions when choosing a destination and while in a destination. This paper investigates the risks perceived by Australian tourists and how these risks affect their intention to revisit the Pacific Island Country of Fiji. Through a quantitative survey with 301 tourists, augmented by qualitative interviews conducted among management of hotels, as well as the DMO, the results show that tourists continue to perceive Fiji as a relatively safe destination however there are increased in the perceptions of risk concerning disease risk and financial risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides the evidence of a positive association between fear of COVID-19 pandemic and tourists' intention towards eco-friendly behaviour. This study model was tested by collecting data through a survey targeting hospitality staff in Pakistan. Results reveal that the COVID-19 fear is positively related to the tourists' intention towards eco-friendly behaviour through subjective norms and attitude. In addition, tourists' conscientiousness was found as a boundary condition on the association between individuals' fear of COVID-19 and their eco-friendly behavioural intention. This paper concludes by discussing ways that stakeholders from academia and marketplace can utilize the findings to convert behavioural intentions into real eco-friendly behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with public policies to promote entrepreneurship within the cultural and religious-based creative industries. Creative industries deal with activities whose final production results in symbolic consumer goods. The research locus is the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte-CE, since this municipality has a relevant set of creative professionals who direct their work to a religious theme. In this way, the main objective was defined to identify the content and analyze the adequacy of public policies for the activities of cultural-religious based creative industries. The study follows a qualitative path, operationalized by focus groups, in-depth interview and content analysis. Field research has revealed that the Federal and State public authorities partially meet the needs of these creative entrepreneurs through the call for proposals, and the municipality has a passive or almost absent action in this field. There is also a need for the municipal administration to consider the three main types of tourists that have different profiles: the conventional tourist, the religious tourist and the pilgrim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inefficient data collection methods hamper tourist behavior research. Focusing on Beijing, this paper employs computer-related video techniques to capture and segment tourism videos posted on platforms like YouTube and Bilibili by domestic and foreign tourists visiting Beijing. The keyframes are then subjected to landmark, common object, and scene recognition for a comparative analysis of spatial behavior of tourists. The results are as follows: first, tourists pay more attention to the folk culture in non-habitual environments; second, Chinese and foreign tourists have different tourism preferences and behaviors; and finally, cultural distance has an inhibitory effect on international tourism activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to arouse tourists' environmentally responsible behavior (ERB)is an important research issue, especially as tourists' mobility accelerates. Based on two emotion theories, this paper explores the role of environmental emotions and environmental values. The result of structural equation model indicates that 1) environmental education has a significant positive impact on environmental emotions and ERB, 2) environmental emotion plays a partially mediating role between environmental education and ERB, and 3) environmental values play a positive moderating role in the relationship between environmental education and tourists' ERB. The findings have important practical implications for the administration of destination environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idol-following travel is a global cultural phenomenon with significant economic benefits for destinations. This research adopts a mixed-method approach guided by Interaction Ritual Theory to understand the idol effect on destinations. Study 1 explores the driving force behind fan tourists' idol-following travel, the interaction rituals during the trip, and the emotions toward the destination after the journey through qualitative analysis. Study 2 uses PLS-SEM analysis to test how idol attachment converts into place attachment. Findings reveal that idol attachment positively affects fan-environment and fan-fan interactions, enhancing fans' empathy with their idols. This empathy increases their attachment to the destination [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies on gay tourism have focused primarily on Western cultures, and research on geographically and culturally distant Chinese gay tourism is limited. Using social identity theory and identity-based motivation theory as a framework, this study bridges an observed 'Chinese gay' gap by exploring the roles of motivation, identity, and space in the travel experiences of Mainland Chinese gay tourists in Thailand. A netnographic approach was employed to collect textual data from 27 travel postings, generating a total of 143,000 characters for analysis. The results produced an integration matrix model of travel motivations and gay identity comprising four quadrants. Identified travel motivations include gay space, atmosphere, knowledge, prostitution, socialization and belongingness, culture and sightseeing, local tourism attributes and activities, escapism and relaxation, and sexual encounters. The results also show that tourists' gay identity directs their travel motivations, and travel experiences, in turn, reinforce their gay identity. In addition, tourists' gay identity can be validated and contextualized within the gay space. By interlinking the concepts of motivation, identity, and space, the present research contributes to the understanding of queer tourism geographies in a Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nexus of tourism and sustainability has emerged as a catchphrase in academic literature in recent years. The present study employed an integrated path model to investigate the increasing significance of sustainable tourism, which is attributed, in part, to the penchant of domestic tourists to consume locally sourced food. The investigation additionally ascertains the potential influence of local food products on the various dimensions of sustainability, including economic, cultural, social, and environmental aspects. Data is collected using a purposeful sample technique, with 462 responses from domestic tourists to the Kashmir Valley being screened and analyzed using SPSS and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings derived from PLS-SEM analysis demonstrate that the act of domestic tourists consuming locally produced food has a considerable and statistically significant influence on sustainability-focused tourism. Furthermore, the consumption of locally grown foods has a positive influence on various dimensions of sustainability, including the economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects. The present study contributes to the existing scholarly literature on the subjects of regional gastronomy and sustainable tourism. In the current work, the authors aim to present the potential of local food to promote sustainable tourism in the tourist host regions. The outcomes of this research can be utilized by policymakers in the tourism sector to enhance their ability to effectively market indigenous cuisine, thereby sustaining the industry's enduring viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides novel insights into the indigenous Jumma peoples' experiences of tourism development in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and their views on its role in fostering post-conflict reconciliation. Through engagements with those directly employed in the industry, this study applies the Community Capitals Framework to identify holistic community changes through tourism development. The findings reveal that tourism has contributed positively to the development of human, social, and cultural capital, and has partially supported reconciliation between some indigenous and non-indigenous groups. However, the absence of political capital continued to serve as a major impediment to progress as many communities remain absent from development discourse. Moreover, the growth in natural capital presented paradoxical issues that amplified local fears surrounding the government's pursuit of indigenous land. Consequently, this study identifies several key issues that must be urgently addressed so that tourism development benefits the Jumma people in a just and inclusive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based tourism (CBT) promotes a model for enhancing communities' social, environmental, and economic needs upheld as a post-Covid-19 revival strategy. This study aimed to critically review the model following longitudinal fieldwork in Thailand. "Reflection-in-action" methodology exposes CBT failings against sustainable development goals (SDGs). CBT falsely assumes: communities possess necessary capability for effective implementation; structural equity exists among host, and hosts possess uninhibited local control over their tourism assets. Such expositions underpin the study's contributions: a supply-side focus on "community outputs" rather than the demand-side "expectations" of tourists; contradictions to known asset-based development assumptions; and theoretical extension to the CBT literature through critique to onsite experiences against sustainable development goals. Such may assist communities to move beyond their current "constraints" focus to that of "contextual experts" in local community assets. The study demonstrates a need for research, practice, and policy stakeholders to move CBT beyond theorization to a genuine sustainability tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]