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Using the spray pyrolysis technique, CoSe-doped erbium, and pure cobalt selenide (CoSe) thin film was successfully examined with the influence of deposition temperature. The XRD results revealed that CoSe and CoSe: Er are crystalline materials and as the deposition temperature is increased, the peak intensity is found to decrease. Clusters of sizeable nanoparticles may be seen on the surface micrograph of the synthesised films. They are evenly dispersed and do not exhibit pinholes. The optical studies revealed that CoSe: Er has high absorbance, transmittance, and low reflectance. The obtained energy bandgap ranged from 1.52 to 2.35 eV. It was noticed that doping cobalt selenide with erbium enhances the structural and optical properties of the synthesised films for photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]