23 results
Search Results
2. Resilience analysis of urban commercial area under the COVID-19 epidemic using night-time light remote sensing data.
- Author
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Huang, Shiman, Hu, Shirui, Hu, Qingwu, and Chen, Qihao
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COVID-19 pandemic ,SARS-CoV-2 ,REMOTE sensing ,EPIDEMICS ,COVID-19 - Abstract
The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus has had a great impact on commercial areas, particularly in Wuhan, the first city in China affected by the epidemic. Exploring the changing pattern of these areas during the epidemic period is crucial for effectively restoring the urban economic level and promoting economic development on the basis of epidemic prevention and control in the post-epidemic era. The paper proposes a resilience analysis of urban commercial areas during the COVID-19 epidemic using time-series night-time light remote sensing data. Based on the constructed time-series night-time light remote sensing dataset and considering the urban impervious surface, the urban commercial area was extracted under multi-scale segmentation. Based on night-time light data before and after the epidemic, the resilience of representative commercial areas in Wuhan City, Hubei Province during the COVID-19 epidemic was analysed using a modified improved resilience assessment framework. The results showed that the lighting values of commercial areas and impervious areas decreased by up to 30% following the implementation of city lockdown measures. The change of light brightness in the commercial areas was more prominent, and the range of change is larger than that in the non-commercial areas. The lighting brightness of the commercial areas exhibited a significant downward trend throughout the entire lockdown period, and the downward trend will still remain for a period of time after unlocking. Among all the commercial areas, Wuguang commercial area demonstrated the highest recovery rate during the lockdown period and instantaneous recovery rate after the lockdown, with relatively low closure loss and the highest level of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Research on the global trends of COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury: a bibliometric analysis.
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Wen-jing Zhao, Rui-zhi Tan, Jing Gao, Hongwei Su, Li Wang, and Jian Liu
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COVID-19 pandemic ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,ACUTE kidney failure ,ADULT respiratory distress syndrome ,CHRONIC kidney failure - Abstract
Critically ill COVID-19 patients may exhibit various clinical symptoms of renal dysfunction including severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Currently, there is a lack of bibliometric analyses on COVID-19- related AKI. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current research status and hot topics regarding COVID-19 AKI. The literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Subsequently, we utilized Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, Citespace, and Pajek software to revealed the current research status, emerging topics, and developmental trends pertaining to COVID-19 AKI. This study encompassed a total of 1507 studies on COVID-19 AKI. The United States, China, and Italy emerged as the leading three countries in terms of publication numbers, contributing 498 (33.05%), 229 (15.20%), and 140 (9.29%) studies, respectively. The three most active and influential institutions include Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan University and Harvard Medical School. Ronco C from Italy, holds the record for the highest number of publications, with a total of 15 papers authored. Cheng YC’s work from China has garnered the highest number of citations, totaling 470 citations. The co-occurrence analysis of author keywords reveals that ‘mortality’, ‘intensive care units’, ‘chronic kidney disease’, ‘nephrology’, ‘renal transplantation’, ‘acute respiratory distress syndrome’, and ‘risk factors’ emerge as the primary areas of focus within the realm of COVID-19 AKI. In summary, this study analyzes the research trends in the field of COVID-19 AKI, providing a reference for further exploration and research on COVID-19 AKI mechanisms and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. ‘<italic>Nyungu</italic>’: an indigenous healing practice for decolonising the global health measures of COVID-19 in Tanzania.
- Author
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Mutebi, Simon
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HEALTH self-care , *COVID-19 pandemic , *WORLD health , *AFRICAN traditional medicine , *DECOLONIZATION , *HEALING - Abstract
During the COVID-19 outbreak – a paradigmatic global health challenge – multiple African countries, including Tanzania, mobilised indigenous forms of healing as both preventive and curative measures to curb the pandemic. However, despite this effort to curtail the crisis, the place of indigenous medical knowledge in decolonising global health interventions remains unexamined. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Tanzania, as well as political speeches and newspaper sources, this paper examines how the government, under the late President John Pombe Magufuli, responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper demonstrates that the late Magufuli’s approach to the pandemic, and especially the mobilisation of local practices of self-care like steaming with
nyungu , stirred debates on decolonising global health and the role of African traditional medicines in the COVID-19 pandemic response. Building on scholarship regarding the efforts to promote indigenous healing knowledge in postcolonial states in Africa, I argue that colonial history and postcolonial political positionings towards this history were the ‘cause’ for Magufuli’s resistance towards global health interventions of COVID-19 in Tanzania. This draws our attention to the possibility of new thinking when it comes to how global health, colonialism, national politics, and local practices of self-care likenyungu , interact with one another in contemporary Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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5. Baseline findings of a multicentric ambispective cohort study (2021–2022) among hospitalised mucormycosis patients in India.
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Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Ponnaiah, Manickam, Bhatnagar, Tarun, S, Devika, Rozario, Amanda G.A, K, Gayathri, Mohan, Malu, E, Michaelraj, Saravanakumar, Divya, Moorthy, Aditya, Tyagi, Amit Kumar, Parmar, Bhagirathsinh D, Devaraja, K, Medikeri, Gaurav, Ojah, Jutika, Srivastava, Kajal, K, Karthikeyan, Das, Nandini, B, Niharika, and Sharma, Parul
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MUCORMYCOSIS ,COHORT analysis ,AMPHOTERICIN B ,ENDOSCOPIC surgery ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
In India, the incidence of mucormycosis reached high levels during 2021–2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this, we established a multicentric ambispective cohort of patients hospitalised with mucormycosis across India. In this paper, we report their baseline profile, clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge. Patients hospitalized for mucormycosis during March–July 2021 were included. Mucormycosis was diagnosed based on mycological confirmation on direct microscopy (KOH/Calcofluor white stain), culture, histopathology, or supportive evidence from endoscopy or imaging. After consent, trained data collectors used medical records and telephonic interviews to capture data in a pre-tested structured questionnaire. At baseline, we recruited 686 patients from 26 study hospitals, of whom 72.3% were males, 78% had a prior history of diabetes, 53.2% had a history of corticosteroid treatment, and 80% were associated with COVID-19. Pain, numbness or swelling of the face were the commonest symptoms (73.3%). Liposomal Amphotericin B was the commonest drug formulation used (67.1%), and endoscopic sinus surgery was the most common surgical procedure (73.6%). At discharge, the disease was stable in 43.3%, in regression for 29.9% but 9.6% died during hospitalization. Among survivors, commonly reported disabilities included facial disfigurement (18.4%) and difficulties in chewing/swallowing (17.8%). Though the risk of mortality was only 1 in 10, the disability due to the disease was very high. This cohort study could enhance our understanding of the disease's clinical progression and help frame standard treatment guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Teaching Students to Read COVID-19 Journal Articles in Statistics Courses.
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Ye, Lu and Jin, Yu
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PERIODICAL articles ,BLOOM'S taxonomy ,COVID-19 ,ACTIVE learning ,STUDENT interests - Abstract
Statistics is interdisciplinary and the practical application of statistical methods in various areas prompts undergraduates to learn more about statistics and better understand complex methods. This article presents a classroom teaching design that guides students in reading COVID-19 literature. The activities presented encourage peer-peer and student-instructor interaction, which can be modified based on the type of course offered as well as the level and major of students by changing the articles required for reading. The teaching activities are designed with evidence-based teaching strategies such as scaffolding and connecting the activities to learning outcomes aligned with levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. In our experience, the COVID-19 literature teaching activity improves students' learning interest, cultivates students' critical thinking, and enhances students' understanding of theoretical methods. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Local search enhanced optimal Inception-ResNet-v2 for classification of long-term lung diseases in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Sanampudi, Anusha and Srinivasan, S.
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LUNGS ,LUNG diseases ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,X-ray imaging ,CHRONICALLY ill - Abstract
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global epidemic, posing a significant threat to countries worldwide. COVID-19 is closely associated with pneumonia, leading to the unfortunate loss of many lives due to pulmonary conditions. Differentiating between pneumonia and COVID-19 based on chest X-ray images has become a challenging task. This paper proposes a Local Search Enhanced AHO-based Inception-ResNet-v2 Model to develop a robust and accurate classification model for identifying and categorizing chronic lung diseases in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. The proposed model utilizes the Inception-ResNet-v2 architecture to extract features from CT scan images, which are then used to classify the lung diseases present in the patients. A curated dataset of CT scan images from post-COVID-19 patients with known lung disease classes is used to train the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 98.97%, precision of 98.95%, sensitivity of 98.91%, F-score of 98.86%, and specificity of 98.89%. These performance metrics are comparable to those achieved by methods based on manually delineated contaminated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Analysis of Society's Perception of Fair Price and its Influence on Firms' Actions in Times of Pandemic.
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Coelho, Fabiano Simões, Macagnan, Clea Beatriz, and Decourt, Roberto Frota
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MICROECONOMICS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PRICES ,PERCEPTION (Philosophy) ,PANDEMICS - Abstract
Using two questionnaires, the first applied in Brazil in March 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the second applied in August 2020, when the pandemic's effects were best known, the authors analyze society's perception of fair price and its influence on firms' actions in times of pandemic, through the lens of neoclassical and institutional theories. They also suggest if this perception causes consumers to punish companies that do not respect the informal rules of society. Together, the questionnaires provide evidence that society, through informal rules, plays a fundamental role in influencing the actions of firms. Finally, the analyses suggest that institutional theory produces better interpretations of society's behavior regarding its perception of fair price. This understanding could contribute to firms making more assertive decisions by mitigating possible risks that affect their brand and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Building Capacity for COVID-19 Surveillance: A Statistics Course for Health Officials in Seven Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
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Fulcher, Isabel R., Fejfar, Donald, Kulikowski, Nichole, Mugunga, Jean-Claude, Law, Michael, and Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany
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PUBLIC health officers ,MIDDLE-income countries ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL statistics ,COVID-19 - Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of health program implementors and research analysts across seven low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) alongside Boston-based collaborators convened to implement data-driven approaches for public health response. An intensive statistics and data science training short course was developed to ensure that in-country researchers could implement the necessary statistical methods for COVID-19 surveillance. The main goal of the course was to enable interpretation of findings from time series analyses and flag potential data issues. This manuscript summarizes our experience teaching this course, including a detailed course overview, participant feedback, and thoughts on how targeted, online courses can be used to support statistical capacity building in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Distance education for pupils with intellectual disabilities – teachers' experiences.
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Sirkko, Riikka and Takala, Marjatta
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DISTANCE education ,INTELLECTUAL disabilities ,TEACHERS ,RESEARCH questions ,SCHOOL closings - Abstract
Due to COVID-19, schools closed in Finland for eight weeks in the spring of 2020, and teaching was conducted using distance education. Teachers used their professional agency to ensure a continuation of their students' learning. This study focuses on the experiences of teachers who taught pupils with intellectual disabilities during the distance education period. The research question is: What kind of experiences did the teachers have with distance education? The data were collected via an electronic questionnaire and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results were examined using teachers' professional agency as a theoretical lens. The results showed that teachers encountered many challenges and emotions at the beginning, but during distance education, they learnt new ways to teach and support pupils and families. Teachers' agency was spread between supporting the agency of pupils and guardians. These are discussed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Navigating teacher-student relationships during and beyond the pandemic.
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Newberry, Melissa and Hinchcliff, Elizabeth
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TEACHER-student relationships ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SCHOOL closings ,TEACHER education ,PROFESSIONALISM - Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 school closures during 2020, there was much concern about the transition back to in-person classroom teaching and learning, given the many safety protocols in place that could make it more difficult for teachers to connect with students. This small-scale case study from the USA sought to gain insight into teachers' experiences of building and maintaining relationships with students during the return to in-person schooling in the 2020–2021 school year and consider implications for teaching and learning beyond the pandemic. An interview protocol that stimulated discussion about relationships and involved diagram creation was used. This allowed the experiences of two teachers to be explored, in depth, through the lens of emotional closeness. Both teachers were interviewed at four points during the school year. Data were analysed qualitatively. Through close analysis of the data, the two teachers' experiences of forming and maintaining relationships with students emerged. Findings resonated with some previous research on teacher-student relationship formation and also drew attention to the nuanced changes of habit on the part of the teacher that were required in terms of initiation and engagement. The study highlights the significance of teachers' adaptive expertise, which can often be overlooked in daily practice. More broadly, it suggests a need for teacher education to place emphasis on the development of relationship skills, for the benefit of teachers and students alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Challenges and Successes of Emergency Online Teaching in Statistics Courses.
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Flores, Analisa, Cappiello, Lauren Parker, and Quintanilla Salinas, Isaac
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ONLINE education ,DISTANCE education ,EDUCATORS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,CLASSROOM environment ,VIRTUAL communities ,COMMERCIAL statistics - Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic took hold in early months of 2020, education at all levels was pushed to emergency fully remote, online formats. This emergency shift affected all aspects of teaching and learning with very little notice and often with limited resources. Educators were required to convert entire courses online and shift to remote instructional approaches practically overnight. Students found themselves enrolled in online courses without choice and struggling to adjust to their new learning environments. This article highlights some of the challenges and successes of teaching emergency online undergraduate statistics courses. In particular, we discuss challenges and successes related to (a) technology, (b) classroom community and feedback, and (c) student-content engagement. We also reflect on the opportunity to continue to enhance and enrich the learning experiences of our students by using some of the lessons learned from emergency online teaching as new permanent online statistics courses are developed and/or moved back into the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Care in the Time of COVID-19: Accounting for Academic Care Labor.
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Dasgupta, Poulomi, Peat, Alexandra, and Vogelaar, Alison E.
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COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,HOUSEKEEPING - Abstract
This article engages with care as an increasingly marketed yet inconsistently articulated and accounted form of labor in the space of the university. As the COVID-19 crisis has thrown into sharp relief the inequities and fragilities of an increasingly market-driven university sector, it has also enabled us to reframe questions surrounding what we value about and within the university. In order to explore faculty perceptions and distributions of care as it was expected and performed in universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a qualitative survey. Results demonstrated that while care is an increasingly essential feature of academic labor, it remains largely invisible, misunderstood, unaccounted for, and unequally distributed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Local management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: a longitudinal interview study of municipality chief medical officers.
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Heltveit-Olsen, Silje Rebekka, Lunde, Lene, Brænd, Anja Maria, Spehar, Ivan, Høye, Sigurd, Skoglund, Ingmarie, Sundvall, Pär-Daniel, Fossum, Guro Haugen, Straand, Jørund, and Risør, Mette Bech
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HEALTH services administrators ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,HEALTH facility administration ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,THEMATIC analysis ,COVID-19 pandemic ,DISEASE management ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
To explore the experiences and views of Norwegian Municipality Chief Medical Officers (MCMOs) on preparedness, collaboration, and organization during the COVID-19 pandemic to gain insight into local crisis management of value for future pandemic responses. Longitudinal qualitative interview study. We conducted semi-structured digital interviews with nine MCMOs working in different municipalities in Norway from September to December 2020. Five MCMOs were re-interviewed from January to April 2021. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Through the analysis, three major themes were identified in the material; 1) The view of preparedness changed from being low-priority and dormant to the desire to strengthen preparedness as a permanent measure; 2) The nature of the pandemic forced a change in internal and external communication and collaboration for the MCMOs towards direct dialogue, teamwork and digital networking; 3) The pandemic changed the role and position of the MCMO within the municipal organization. Although most MCMOs were given a leading role in the municipal pandemic response, some MCMOs experienced that they were not positioned to fully exercise their intended role. In our material, de-authorization of the MCMO role seemed to coincide with the increasing size and organizational complexity of the municipality. The Norwegian pandemic response and outcome have been regarded as successful internationally. Although the MCMOs managed to implement flexible and quick responses facilitated by teamwork, dialogue, and joint sensemaking, they also identified several challenges and shortcomings of the Norwegian pandemic preparedness requiring organizational and financial changes to sustain future health system resilience. The Norwegian Infection Control Act gave comprehensive responsibility and authority for local COVID-19 pandemic management to the municipalities and the Municipality Chief Medical Officers (MCMOs). The MCMOs highlighted several challenges and shortcomings of the municipal crisis preparedness, of which lack of detailed organizational plans was the most prominent. Teamwork, digital networking and collective sensemaking seemed to enhance pandemic collaboration and resilience within and across municipalities. Most MCMOs gained a leading role at a higher organizational level within the municipality through the COVID-19 pandemic. To strengthen future crisis management, arrangements must be made, both organizationally and financially, for preparedness to remain on the agenda even between epidemics and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Health care services for older people in COVID-19 pandemic times – A Nordic comparison.
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Bliksvær, Trond, Andrews, Therese, Lindholst, Andrej Christian, Rauhala, Auvo, Wolmesjö, Maria, Sinervo, Timo S., Fagerström, Lisbeth M., and Hansen, Morten Balle
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HEALTH services administrators ,SOCIAL participation ,MEDICAL care for older people ,HEALTH facility administration ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,LOCAL government ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,HOME care services ,COMMUNITY health services ,MENTAL health ,SURVEYS ,ORGANIZATIONAL goals ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,ELDER care ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
To explore the Nordic municipal health and care services' ability to promote principal goals within care for older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two surveys were conducted among managers of municipal health care services for older people in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden; the first around 6 months into the pandemic (survey 1), and the second around 12 months later (survey 2). Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, and multiple regression (OLS). 1470 (survey 1, 2020) and 745 (survey 2, 2021) managers. 32% in home care, 51% in nursing homes, 17% combined. In all countries the pandemic seems to have had more negative impact on eldercare services' ability to promote an active and social life, than on the ability to promote or enhance older people's mental and physical health. The regression analysis indicates that different factors influence the ability to promote these goals. Managers within nursing homes reported reduced ability to promote mental and physical health and an active social life to a significantly lower degree than managers of home care. The effect of three prevention strategies (lock down, testing, and/or organisational change), were explored. Organisational change (reorganize staff and practice, restrict use of substitutes) tended to impact the units' ability to promote a social life in a positive direction, while lock down (areas, buffets etc) tended to impact both the ability to promote mental/physical health and a social life in a negative direction. Measures that can improve opportunities for an active and social life during a pandemic should have high priority, particularily within home care. It is important to learn from how the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 affected the municipal health and care services' ability to achieve principal goals within care for older people. The pandemic had a more negative impact on the services' ability to promote an active and social life, than on their ability to promote or enhance mental and physical health. Measures that can improve opportunities for an active and social life during a pandemic situation should have high priority, particularily within home-based care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Moral injury and mental health among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: meta-analysis.
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Messina Coimbra, Bruno, Zylberstajn, Cecilia, van Zuiden, Mirjam, Maria Hoeboer, Chris, Feijo Mello, Andrea, Feijo Mello, Marcelo, and Olff, Miranda
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COVID-19 pandemic ,HARM (Ethics) ,COVID-19 ,MENTAL illness ,MENTAL health ,POST-traumatic stress disorder - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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17. Exploring healthcare workers’ experiences of a simple intervention to reduce their intrusive memories of psychological trauma: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.
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Pihlgren, Sara Ahmed, Johansson, Lotta, Holmes, Emily A., and Kanstrup, Marie
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MEDICAL personnel ,EPISODIC memory ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,POST-traumatic stress ,EMOTIONAL trauma ,MENTAL rotation - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Determinants of burnout in Canadian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Liu, Nancy, Plouffe, Rachel A., Liu, Jenny J. W., Nouri, Maede S., Saha, Priyonto, Gargala, Dominic, Davis, Brent D., Nazarov, Anthony, and Richardson, J. Don
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COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL personnel ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,COVID-19 ,LEADERSHIP ethics - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lotzin, Annett, Stahlmann, Katharina, Acquarini, Elena, Ajdukovic, Dean, Ajdukovic, Marina, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia, Ardino, Vittoria, Bondjers, Kristina, Bragesjö, Maria, Böttche, Maria, Dragan, Małgorzata, Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida, Gelezelyte, Odeta, Grajewski, Piotr, Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan, Kazlauskas, Evaldas, Lenferink, Lonneke, Lioupi, Chrysanthi, Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte, and Mooren, Trudy
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COVID-19 pandemic ,ADJUSTMENT disorders ,PROTECTIVE factors ,MENTAL illness ,SYMPTOMS ,COMMUNICATIVE disorders - Abstract
Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Relationships between geo-spatial features and COVID-19 hospitalisations revealed by machine learning models and SHAP values.
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Lixia Chu, Nelen, Jeroen, Crivellari, Alessandro, Masiliūnas, Dainius, Hein, Carola, and Lofi, Christoph
- Abstract
Uncovering relationships between geospatial features and COVID-19 features is a comprehensive, confounding, cross-disciplinary and challenging topic, as the spread and effects of COVID-19 are related to many aspects of our lives, including socio-economic, cultural, and environmental features. Our research aims to provide an innovative datadriven method to uncover the relationships between the heterogeneous and cross-disciplinary geospatial features with COVID-19 features at the municipality scale in Germany. We exploit these relationships using supervised machine learning, explainable AI and spatial analysis in Germany from March 2020 to October 2021. First, we integrated multisource data including social data, economic data, cultural data, air pollution data and COVID-19 features data into one spatiotemporally harmonised dataset. Second, we trained three machine learning models (a Support Vector Regressor, a Random Forest, and a Light Gradient Boosting Machine) on the integrated dataset to learn the relationships between the spatial features and the COVID-19 features. Third, we used Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to rank the relevance of each feature. After that, we illustrated the results by the visualised spatial differences within municipalities. The output delivers key information regarding the Covid hospitalisation rate with the control of NO
2 concentration and education level in Germany with transferable methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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21. Horizontal and vertical inequity of multi-modal healthcare accessibility in the aging Japan in the post-COVID era: a GIS-based approach.
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Siqin Wang and Yukio Sadahiro
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Evaluating the inequity of healthcare accessibility across demographic groups in the post-COVID era is of critical importance for an aging society like Japan -- it helps to achieve better social equity via distributing healthcare resources in health planning and policy making. Our study contributes to the first post-covid evaluation of multi-modal healthcare accessibility in Tokyo, Japan, the most populated metropolis in the world. A further novelty goes to the multi-dimensional examination of the inequity of healthcare accessibility (i.e. hospitals) by public transit, driving and walking -- the horizontal inequity across urban space and the vertical inequity across three demographic groups (the young, adult and elderly) through network analysis, spatial accessibility analysis and inequity indexing. We find that low healthcare access areas mainly appear in the peri-urban space as well as regions less covered by public transit. Compared to the adult group, the elderly group experiences significant inequity of healthcare access particularly in the peri-urban areas where driving is the dominant transport mode to access healthcare facilities. We provide timely evidence to the Japanese government and health authorities to have a holistic and latest understanding of multi-modal healthcare access across different demographic groups in the post-COVID era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. COVID-19 and renal allograft rejection: insight from controlled and noncontrolled studies.
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Daoud, Ahmed, Soliman, Karim, Posadas Salas, Maria Aurora, Uehara, Genta, Vaishnav, Sakshi, Cheungpasitporn, Wisit, and Casey, Michael J.
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GRAFT rejection ,LITERATURE reviews ,COVID-19 ,STATISTICAL correlation ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Aim: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), due to their immunosuppressed status, are potentially more susceptible to both the severe effects of COVID-19 and complications in their transplanted organ. The aim of this study is to investigate whether COVID-19 infection increases the risk of rejection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Methods: This study involved a detailed literature review, conducted using PubMed, with the search being completed by September 7th, 2023. The search strategy incorporated a combination of relevant keywords: ‘COVID’, ‘Renal’, ‘Kidney’, ‘Transplant’, and ‘Rejection’. The results from controlled and uncontrolled studies were separately collated and analyzed. Results: A total of 11 studies were identified, encompassing 1,179 patients. Among these, two controlled studies reported the incidence of rejection in KTRs infected with COVID-19. Pooling data from these studies revealed no significant statistical correlation between COVID-19 infection and biopsy-proven rejection (p=0.26). In addition, nine non-controlled studies were found, with rejection incidences ranging from 0% to 66.7%. The majority of these studies (eight out of nine) had small sample sizes, ranging from 3 to 75 KTRs, while the largest included 372 KTRs. The combined rejection rate across these studies was calculated to be 11.8%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the limited number of published controlled studies revealed no statistically significant association between COVID-19 infection and biopsy-proven rejection among KTRs. However, the broader analysis of non-controlled studies showed a variable rejection incidence with a pooled rejection rate of 11.8%. There is insufficient high-quality data to explore the association of COVID-19 infection and rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Letter to the editor regarding ‘Correlation between neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio and contrast-induced acute kidney injury and the establishment of machine-learning-based predictive models’.
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Ning Zhuo, Gang Wang, and Gang Wu
- Subjects
ACUTE kidney failure ,PREDICTION models ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,COVID-19 ,NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio - Abstract
This document is a letter to the editor regarding a recent publication on the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and the establishment of machine-learning-based predictive models. The authors of the letter express their support for the study's findings but raise concerns about certain details. They suggest considering the effects of drugs on hematological parameters, including cortisol and catecholamines, and the impact of confounding factors such as COVID-19 infection and other diseases. Additionally, they highlight the debate surrounding the normal threshold value of NLR. The authors conclude that further clarification is needed before fully interpreting the study's findings. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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