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Purpose of review: This review sought to define the emerging roles of urinary tumor DNA (utDNA) for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of bladder cancer. Building from early landmark studies the focus is on recent studies, highlighting how utDNA could aid personalized care. Recent findings: Recent research underscores the potential for utDNA to be the premiere biomarker in bladder cancer due to the constant interface between urine and tumor. Many studies find utDNA to be more informative than other biomarkers in bladder cancer, especially in early stages of disease. Points of emphasis include superior sensitivity over traditional urine cytology, broad genomic and epigenetic insights, and the potential for non-invasive, real-time analysis of tumor biology. Summary: utDNA shows promise for improving all phases of bladder cancer care, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies. Building from current research, future comprehensive clinical trials will validate utDNA's clinical utility, potentially revolutionizing bladder cancer management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of host mRNA during bacterial infection is unclear. Here, we show that Helicobacter pylori infection upregulates host m6A methylases and increases m6A levels in gastric epithelial cells. Reducing m6A methylase activity via hemizygotic deletion of methylase-encoding gene Mettl3 in mice, or via small interfering RNAs targeting m6A methylases, enhances H. pylori colonization. We identify LOX-1 mRNA as a key m6A-regulated target during H. pylori infection. m6A modification destabilizes LOX-1 mRNA and reduces LOX-1 protein levels. LOX-1 acts as a membrane receptor for H. pylori catalase and contributes to bacterial adhesion. Pharmacological inhibition of LOX-1, or genetic ablation of Lox-1, reduces H. pylori colonization. Moreover, deletion of the bacterial catalase gene decreases adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric sections. Our results indicate that m6A modification of host LOX-1 mRNA contributes to protection against H. pylori infection by downregulating LOX-1 and thus reducing H. pylori adhesion.N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. Here, Zeng et al. show that m6A modification of mRNAs contributes to protection against the pathogen Helicobacter pylori by downregulating a host protein that acts as receptor for the pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction to an article titled "A Highly Sensitive Dual-Core D-Shape Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance for Methane Sensing" published in the journal Plasmonics. The correction addresses an oversight in the original article's affiliation, stating that the correct affiliation should be the College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science at Nanjing Tech University in Nanjing, JiangSu, China. The correction has been made to the original article, and the publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The contact information for the authors is also provided. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, we introduce a cutting-edge gas sensor exploiting surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a novel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) configuration, tailored for methane detection. The sensor’s innovative design incorporates dual-core polished gas access microstructures, optimizing methane-gas interaction surfaces. A gold nanofilm was strategically selected to induce SPR, augmented by a polysiloxane-doped cryptane E overlay for heightened methane sensitivity. To meticulously evaluate sensor performance, we employed a combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and rigorous numerical modeling. These analyses revealed the profound impact of structural parameters on sensor attributes. Our findings highlight a remarkable methane sensing capability, evidenced by a sensitivity of 11.52 nm/% and a figure of merit (FOM) reaching 0.409 within the tested 0–3.5% concentration range, accompanied by a linear response profile—underscoring the system’s precision and reliability. This pioneering sensor technology, distinguished by its affordability, simplicity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, charts a new course in the realm of gas leak detection systems, poised to make significant contributions to future safety and environmental monitoring endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]