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The First 1000 Days (the period from conception to a child's second birthday) is an important developmental period. However, little is known about experiences of parents with refugee and migrant backgrounds during this period. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Publications were identified through searches of the Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus databases, critically appraised, and synthesised using thematic analysis. A total of 35 papers met inclusion criteria. Depressive symptomatology was consistently higher than global averages, however maternal depression conceptualisations differed across studies. Several papers reported changes in relationship dynamics as a result of having a baby post-migration. Consistent relationships were found between social and health support and wellbeing. Conceptualisations of wellbeing may differ among migrant families. Limited understanding of health services and relationships with health providers may impede help-seeking. Several research gaps were identified, particularly in relation to the wellbeing of fathers, and of parents of children over 12 months old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A family F ⊂ P (n) is r-wisek-intersecting if | A 1 ∩ ⋯ ∩ A r | ≥ k for any A 1 , ⋯ , A r ∈ F . It is easily seen that if F is r-wise k-intersecting for r ≥ 2 , k ≥ 1 then | F | ≤ 2 n - 1 . The problem of determining the maximum size of a family F that is both r 1 -wise k 1 -intersecting and r 2 -wise k 2 -intersecting was raised in 2019 by Frankl and Kupavskii (Combinatorica 39:1255–1266, 2019). They proved the surprising result that, for (r 1 , k 1) = (3 , 1) and (r 2 , k 2) = (2 , 32) then this maximum is at most 2 n - 2 , and conjectured the same holds if k 2 is replaced by 3. In this paper we shall not only prove this conjecture but we shall also determine the exact maximum for (r 1 , k 1) = (3 , 1) and (r 2 , k 2) = (2 , 3) for all n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the question of the relative contribution of spouses to the long-term care (LTC) needs of their dependent parents and parents in-law. Starting from a theoretical model and using SHARE data, the paper focuses on the role of gender and blood relationships as well as the effect of differential opportunity costs within the couple. The results tend to confirm the existence of gender and blood biases in the level of informal care provided by each spouse, while their wage does not seem to play a large role. When we consider the relative level of informal care by spouses, the gender and blood biases are confirmed. Furthermore, the wage ratio is negatively related to the informal care ratio. These results imply that informal care and private insurance coverage may depend on the gender composition of children, which may justify differentiated public LTC transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider a family F of 2n-dimensional F q -linear rank metric codes in F q n × n arising from polynomials of the form x q s + δ x q n 2 + s ∈ F q n [ x ] . The family F was introduced by Csajbók et al. (JAMA 548:203–220) as a potential source for maximum rank distance (MRD) codes. Indeed, they showed that F contains MRD codes for n = 8 , and other subsequent partial results have been provided in the literature towards the classification of MRD codes in F for any n. In particular, the classification has been reached when n is smaller than 8, and also for n greater than 8 provided that s is small enough with respect to n. In this paper we deal with the open case n = 8 , providing a classification for any large enough odd prime power q. The techniques are from algebraic geometry over finite fields, since our strategy requires the analysis of certain 3-dimensional F q -rational algebraic varieties in a 7-dimensional projective space. We also show that the MRD codes in F are not equivalent to any other MRD codes known so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this paper is to investigate Sobolev orthogonality and families of orthogonal polynomials on the triangle as a generalization of the results in Xu, Y. Constr. Approx. 46, 349-434 (2017). We define inner products or pseudo-inner products that contain derivatives up to third-order in the Sobolev space on a triangle and study associated orthogonal polynomials that are analogs of the Jacobi polynomials J k , n α , β , γ but with α , β , γ being - 1 , - 2 , or - 3 , and two other families derived under simultaneous permutations of x , y , 1 - x - y and α , β , γ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose the idea for combining several iteration functions in order to construct new families of iterative methods with both high-order of convergence and high computational efficiency. As an illustration, combining the most famous iteration functions with two or three arbitrary iteration functions, we obtain three new families of high-order iterative methods for the simultaneous computation of simple or multiple polynomial zeros. To demonstrate the influence of the different corrections and to show how one can manage the convergence order and the efficiency when constructing particular methods, we prove a local convergence theorem with a priori and a posteriori error estimates and an estimate of the asymptotic error constant about one of the proposed general families called Schröder-like methods with two corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new continuous class of probability distribution named the Power Burr X-T (PBX-T) family is proposed in this paper. The essential characteristics of the PBX-T family of distributions, i.e. conventional moments and associated procedures, stress-strength reliability, and Rényi entropy, are derived and studied. Some special models belonging to the new family have been comprehensively explored concerning their shapes. Extensive simulations have been conducted to compare the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates with other classical estimators. It is found that the mean squared errors and the bias of the ML estimates are relatively least for large samples. Moreover, real-life applications from medical and engineering fields have been used to demonstrate the potentiality and adequacy of the suggested sub-models from the PBX-T family. The values of observed goodness-of-fit measures show that the sub-models of the suggested family of distributions are superior in adequacy parallel to the other generalized models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poverty's impact on children's academic outcome is a cause for concern in most urban Asian cities as education is viewed as one of the main channels of social mobility. Few studies examined how poor children's hope could be enhanced through school social support. Objective: This paper examines how children from low-income families' perceived frequencies and importance of social support from teachers and classmates, influence their levels of hope in academic achievement. Method: Utilizing a partially-mixed sequential design—first, with survey data from a larger study on low-income children (n = 513), this paper explores if perceived frequency of social support is associated with level of hope as well as the role of perceived importance in moderating the frequencies of school social support on sense of hope; second, to enrich the child-reported results, two in-depth focus group discussions with elementary school teachers (n = 10) were conducted. Results: Statistical analysis reveals that the frequency of social support from teachers and classmates is associated with the level of hope in low-income children. Furthermore, when teacher's support was rated important by children, there was a positive association between social support and hope. Integrating statistical results and qualitative insights, this paper extends extant literature on social support typologies with a novel category; 'support in providing opportunities for success'. Conclusion: This paper underscores the important role schools play as a source of social support for children. Such social support aids higher hope levels in low-income children which could translate into better academic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the US, over 50% of suicide deaths are by firearm injury. Studies have found that limiting access to firearms, including storing them temporarily outside of the home or locking and unloading them securely at home, helps prevent suicide. Family members and other loved ones are in a unique position to encourage secure firearm storage. This paper describes the development of a workshop to empower loved ones of individuals at risk for suicide to discuss secure firearm storage in New York State. Methods: Using a multistakeholder engagement framework, we partnered with New York State county-level suicide prevention coalitions, local firearms experts, and other stakeholders to develop a 90-min workshop addressing secure firearm storage for suicide prevention. Pilot workshops were co-facilitated by a suicide prevention coalition member and a local firearms expert. Feedback gathered via surveys from workshop attendees and interviews with workshop co-facilitators were used to revise workshop content and inform dissemination. Following pilot workshops, a 1-day training event was held for potential future facilitators, and survey data were collected to assess trainee experiences and interest in facilitating future workshops. Data analysis included rapid qualitative analysis of interviews and statistical analysis of survey responses about acceptability of workshop. Results: Four pilot workshops included a total of 23 attendees. Pilot workshop attendees endorsed willingness and confidence to discuss secure firearm storage with a family member or loved one. The training event included 42 attendees, of which 26 indicated interest in facilitating a workshop within the next year. Co-facilitators agreed on several key themes, including the importance of having a "trusted messenger" deliver the firearms portion of the workshop, keeping the conversation focused on firearm safety for suicide prevention, and developing interventions that reflect firearm owning community's culture. Conclusions: Consistent with a public health approach to suicide prevention, this study leveraged a multistakeholder engagement framework to develop a community-based workshop empowering loved ones of individuals at risk for suicide to discuss secure firearm storage. The workshop will be disseminated across New York State. We noted positive and collaborative relationships across stakeholder groups, and willingness to facilitate the workshop among both suicide prevention and firearm stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) can be especially challenging to treat due to the dynamic nature of its presentation; there is a critical need for a multimodal approach to adequately address patients' symptoms and quality of life concerns. However, most mental health professionals have not implemented a multimodal approach due to limited dissemination of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for BD and bias towards psychopharmacology-centered treatment. This is despite clear findings from numerous studies that medication alone fails to fully address most patients' needs and that psychosocial interventions lead to fewer relapses and a higher quality of life. This paper aims to review the evidence in support of psychosocial interventions as a key component of the treatment of BD and to highlight obstacles to the implementation of psychosocial treatment approaches. Additionally, we aim to make a case for an increase in the utilization of psychosocial interventions to improve quality of life and functioning for individuals with BD and their families, and to mitigate societal costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children represent the largest indirect beneficiaries of the U.S. social welfare system. Yet, many questions remain about the direct benefits of cash aid to children. The current understanding of the impacts of cash aid in the U.S. is drawn primarily from studies of in-kind benefits, tax credits, and conditional cash aid programs. A corresponding economics literature focuses on the role of income and the labor supply responses of parents, parenting skills, and early education as family investment mechanisms that reduce socioeconomic inequality in children's well-being. In contrast to the U.S., dozens of low- to middle-income nations use direct cash aid—conditional or unconditional—as a central policy strategy, with demonstrated positive effects across a host of economic and health measures and selected aspects of children's health and schooling. This paper reviews the economic research on U.S. safety net programs and cash aid to families with children and discusses what existing studies reveal about the impacts of cash aid on family investment mechanisms and children's outcomes. We specifically highlight gaps in understanding the impacts of unconditional cash aid on children. We then review nine contemporary unconditional cash transfer programs and discuss their promise and limitations in filling the U.S.-based economic evidence gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is well documented and poses challenges for all those living and working with children who have experienced early adversity. The need to be trauma-informed when working with children in all educational settings is now recognised as essential if healing and learning are to take place. There are an increasing number of trauma-informed approaches available, but empirical evidence that supports their efficacy, particularly in the early years of education, is currently scarce. This paper presents the findings of a small-scale study which explored early childhood professionals' perceptions of the effectiveness and sustainability of one trauma-informed approach, Trust Based Relational Intervention (TBRI®). Used widely across the US and Europe, TBRI® is relatively new to Australia and was trialled for the first time in this Tasmanian study. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA, 2014) concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach was used to provide a theoretical framework. Online surveys were used to gather data after each professional learning workshop and three and six-months later. Participants reported several positives of TBRI®, including self-development and improved outcomes for children. Whilst challenges/barriers to using the approach were noted, many related to contextual issues rather than to TBRI® specifically. Findings also showed that equipping families with a similar skill set would be advantageous and integral to effecting sustainable change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of 'informal' financial practices in shaping the resilience of immigrant urban communities, many of which are centered around families—nuclear, extended, and chosen. It looks at financial transactions and services, with particular attention to Rotating Credit and Savings Associations (ROSCAs), whose members are frequently related to each other through ties of kinship, especially in Hispanic circles. In a pioneering study documenting ROSCAs, they were defined as associations where members agree to make regular contributions of money to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. Because of their presence in various cultures and geographies, researchers from various disciplines have studied them, mostly in developing countries and immigrant communities within the United States. It is argued that such mechanisms substitute or complement formal financial services that do not fulfill their needs and play a key role in the infrastructures of immigrant communities to be resilient in the face of adverse circumstances. Findings from the present study's fieldwork, conducted in one neighborhood in New York City's South Bronx, show that these kinds of groups address the members' short-term safety and resilience needs. However, given their low returns and unclear procedures to address wrongdoings, they entail higher risks for long term planning and social mobility. Nevertheless, given their persistent and organic nature across cultures and borders, they provide important insights to address those gaps and shed light on the contributions of family dynamics to the public domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship is of great significance to individuals, families and society. Recently, intrapreneurship, i.e., business ventures within established organisations, has also attracted widespread interest among individuals and organisations. However, we still know little about how individuals make decisions when they face diverse types of entrepreneurial activities. Based on theories of entrepreneurial action and conservation of resources and the literature on family embeddedness, this paper proposes an integrated framework for entrepreneurial choice—including intrapreneurship, self-employment and non-entrepreneurship, and examines the roles of socio-cognitive traits and family contingency factors in the entrepreneurial choice process. By using secondary and survey data, the empirical results show that (a) entrepreneurial alertness (EA) and self-efficacy (ESE) both positively affect individuals' choice towards intrapreneurship and self-employment, with a stronger effect on the latter; (b) the interaction between EA and ESE has a negative effect on intrapreneurship but a positive effect on self-employment; (c) family-to-work conflict weakens the aforementioned interactive effect on both intrapreneurship and self-employment, whereas work-to-family conflict strengthens its effect on self-employment; (d) household income strengthens the interactive effect on both intrapreneurship and self-employment. Overall, these findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the relationship among individual cognitive traits, family contingencies and entrepreneurial choice. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biobanking—the storage of human biological samples, including tissue, blood, urine, and genetic data—raises many ethical, legal, and social issues, including confidentiality and privacy. Pediatric biobanking is more complicated, with difficulties arising because children lack capacity to consent and acquire this capacity upon maturity when the research is still ongoing. Yet given the limited availability of pediatric samples, the translational nature of biobanking presents a unique opportunity to share samples and produce clinically necessary information about pediatric development and diseases. Guidance on navigating these legal and ethical difficulties is needed for those involved in pediatric biobanking—including researchers, participants, and families, and those involved in biobank governance. This paper seeks to map the current regulatory framework governing pediatric biobanking to determine what guidance is currently offered. Regulatory mapping of current international and national guidelines on pediatric biobanking addressing the ethical, legal, and social nuances of pediatric biobanking was undertaken. This paper finds that international guidelines around biobanking are mostly for adults, and even when pediatric-specific, documents are non-binding, inconsistent, or only limited guidance is offered on a range of important issues specific to pediatric biobanks. Conclusion: This paper shows a need for consistent, comprehensive, and clear regulation on pediatric biobanking so that research can more quickly, efficiently, and ethically be translated to useful information and treatment in pediatric care. What is Known: • Pediatric biobanking presents new opportunities to conduct valuable translational research to benefit pediatric populations. However, the storage of pediatric biological samples raises many ethical, legal and social issues—in part because child participants may be considered to lack capacity to consent but can acquire this capacity upon maturity when the research is still ongoing. Pediatric biobanks must grapple with issues of consent, confidentiality and privacy, and long-term participation regarding child participants. What is New: • Regulatory guidance on these ethical, legal, and social issues is needed for researchers, participants, and families and those involved in biobank governance. This paper identifies nationally specific and international guidance on biobanking and summarizes the guidance provided in relation to these pediatric specific issues. It finds that most guidance is non-binding and inconsistent between guidance documents and may offer only limited guidance to stakeholders. A need for consistent, comprehensive, and clear regulation on pediatric biobanking is needed at an international level to enable research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various notions of non-malleable secret sharing schemes have been considered. In this paper, we review the existing work on non-malleable secret sharing and suggest a novel game-based definition. We provide a new construction of an unconditionally secure non-malleable threshold scheme with respect to a specified relation. To do so, we introduce a new type of algebraic manipulation detection code and construct examples of new variations of external difference families, which are of independent combinatorial interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Human trafficking occurs when a person uses force, fraud, or coercion to obtain an act or service from another person. While trafficking is often depicted as a crime perpetrated by strangers, recent literature has found family members can also be traffickers. Only four peer reviewed studies have specifically examined familial trafficking. Method: The current study builds upon this sparse literature by reviewing medical charts of patients in a large hospital system who were identified as survivors of familial trafficking between October 2017 and September 2021. Descriptive statistics are reported for all 39 identified patients. Results: Majority of patients were female (92.3%) and under 36 years old (56.4%; M = 34.2, SD = 11.6). Despite most patients now being adults, all except one were minors at the time the trafficking began. Parents were the most common perpetrator (66.7%) followed by aunt/uncle (12.8%). Nine cases were chosen, given level of detail in patient charts, to be highlighted in a case series to further describe the experiences of these survivors. Cases examined included labor trafficking, parents as perpetrators, intersection of substance use, and males as victims. Force was the most common means of control used and often manifested as physical or sexual abuse that preceded the exploitation. Another reoccurring theme was substance use being a factor when parents were perpetrators. Conclusion: The findings from this paper can help inform screening techniques by encouraging providers to inquire about familial relationships. Findings may also be helpful for providers working with this population and future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic Children often struggle with social interaction and communication, studies have found that many of them prefer to interact with objects than people. However, there is a lack of research exploring the specific characteristics and factors involved in interactions within families with autistic children where objects are the center of the interaction. This paper describes the process and findings of a diary study exploring how young autistic children interact with their families through objects in natural scenarios. A one-week diary study was conducted with six families with young autistic children. Diary videos were recorded onsite and coded later according to a social interaction behavior scheme with corresponding diary entries. Qualitative data analysis was conducted to reveal possible patterns. Results revealed ongoing difficulties in establishing and maintaining family interaction and identified influential factors of object-centered family interaction. The most prevalent pattern observed was parents taking the lead in interactions, followed by the child's confirmation response. Remarkably, daily necessities emerged as potential physical mediums for enhancing family interactions, opening avenues for exploring tangible designs in human–computer interaction. These findings offer valuable implications for future research and the development of innovative designs that promote enriching interactions for autistic children and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the social cultural setup of the world, the differentiation between a man and a boy is almost universally established, with the man representing the evolved, comprehensive, mature and wise end of the spectrum, whereas the boy being the imperfect, meek, ignorant and premature organism. This polarity structures an acutely gendered concurrence, in that, a boy is always defined in a grown man's world with a lack that also characterizes the female species. The aggrandizing features and the cultural reinforcements of the masculine inadvertently lead to the genesis of a tendency to prioritize this trait as the most desirable and the negation of all that falls outside its predefined markers. With the onset of puberty and the appearances of physiological changes in the body, the young boys with a generous influence of these alterations, tend to assert their superiority over others through both open and covert forms of bullying, the latter often falling within the growing menace of the phenomenon of cyberbullying. This paper attempts to argue that the phenomenon of bullying is both infused and ingrained in the psyche of the young through the primary institutions in the society, that is, the family, the schools, the external world, even often without consciously aiming to do so. The paper charts out the concept of bullying in schools and makes an assessment of the various biological as well as socio-cultural influences which generate this tendency among school boys. Making use of psychosocial data and real-life examples, the paper also suggests how schools, teachers and parents, may tackle bullying by regarding it as a behavioural problem and adopting approaches that bring positive interpersonal connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family-centered care (FCC) is widely established as the standard professional practice model in pediatric hospital settings (Arabiat, D., Whitehead, L., Foster, M., Shields, L., & Harris, L. (2018). Parents' experiences of family centred care practices. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42, 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.06.012; Espe-Sherwindt, M. (2008). Family-centred practice: Collaboration, competency and evidence. Support for Learning, 23(3), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00384.x). It embraces social work values that promote self-determination and family empowerment by positioning family members as partners in healthcare treatment, delivery, and decision-making (Kuo, D. Z., Houtrow, A. J., Arango, P., Kuhlthau, K. A., Simmons, J. M., & Neff, J. M. (2012). Family-centered care: Current applica?tions and future directions in pediatric health care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(2), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0751-7). To promote and advance FCC principles, healthcare organizations collaborate with patients and families as lived experience volunteers, or family leaders, to ensure program design and education reflect users' perspectives and experiences. Despite evidence for its efficacy and uptake (Arabiat, D., Whitehead, L., Foster, M., Shields, L., & Harris, L. (2018). Parents' experiences of family centred care practices. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42, 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.06.012), translating FCC principles into practice can be challenging (McCarthy, E., & Guerin, S. (2022). Family-centred care in early intervention: A systematic review of the processes and out?comes of family-centred care and impacting factors. Child: Care Health and Development, 48(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12901). In this paper, we introduce an innovative training program for family leaders that embodies the core principles of FCC. The training program was developed in collaboration with families, healthcare and higher education stakeholders, and engagement specialists by a social worker in a pediatric rehabilitation setting in Toronto, Ontario. The program prepares family leaders to engage in teaching and facilitation roles in healthcare education. The Teaching and Facilitation Course for Family as Faculty is the first program of its kind in Canada and was recently recognized by the Health Standards Organization of Canada as a leading practice in healthcare. Since launching in 2019, over 50 participants connected with healthcare organizations across Ontario have completed the course. Graduates have partnered with educators in designing and facilitating over 85 initiatives and workshops across healthcare and academic institutions. The outcomes of a utilization-focused program evaluation, including the strengths and lessons learned are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using time use diary data collected among 2603 teachers from the Flemish community of Belgium, this article investigates the 'family friendliness' of the teaching profession by exploring the family time of teachers in couple households with children. Teachers are an interesting case as the teaching profession is heavily feminised and considered to be a 'family friendly' occupation; it allows to synchronize the workers' schedule with their children's. Flexible work arrangements such as schedule or work-place flexibility function as so called 'boundary-spanning strategies'. However, research on the impact of flexible work on work-life balance has shown mixed results. This paper develops a number of time-use based indicators to measure the quality of family time and validates these by relating them to work-life balance. Subsequently, it is assessed how teachers' use of work time flexibility affects the quality of family time to evaluate whether this flexibility can be understood as a resource for increasing work-family balance. Results show that teachers with children have a better quality of family time and subsequently a better work-life balance if they work on standard hours rather than using their schedule flexibility to optimize the amount of family time. Highlights: Postponing work from afternoons to evenings and weekends proves to be detrimental for the quality of family time. The quality of family time is more important for self-reported work-life balance than the total amount of family time. Uncontaminated family leisure time is positively associated with the perceived work-life balance. Contaminated non-free time with family and fragmented shared time is negatively associated with the perceived work-life balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use weight function approach to construct a new King-like family of methods to solve nonlinear equations with multiple roots. Here the weight functions are chosen appropriately to reach the maximum convergence order eight and the family is optimal in the sense of Kung–Traub conjecture. Moreover, local convergence of a fourth order modified King's family for multiple roots is also studied. Radii of convergence balls of fourth order schemes are computed and compared with an existing method. Numerical examples have been presented based on applications of some real life problems and the results obtained show the superiority of our eighth order schemes over the existing ones. To study the dynamical behaviour of the proposed schemes, basins of attraction have also been presented which verifies that proposed eighth order schemes have more convergent points and requires less number of iterations in comparison to the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a symplectic or orthogonal group defined over a finite field with odd characteristic and let D ≤ G be a Sylow 2-subgroup. In this paper, we classify the essential 2-subgroups and determine the essential 2-rank of the Frobenius category ℱD(G). Together with the results of An-Dietrich and Cao–An–Zeng, this completes the work of essential subgroups and essential ranks of classical groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize absolutely continuous symmetric copulas with square integrable densities in this paper. This characterization is used to create new copula families, that are perturbations of the independence copula. The full study of mixing properties of Markov chains generated by these copula families is conducted. An extension that includes the Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern family of copulas is proposed. We propose some examples of copulas that generate non-mixing Markov chains, but whose convex combinations generate ψ -mixing Markov chains. Some general results on ψ -mixing are given. The Spearman's correlation ρ S and Kendall's τ are provided for the created copula families. Some general remarks are provided for ρ S and τ . A central limit theorem is provided for parameter estimators in one example. A simulation study is conducted to support derived asymptotic distributions for some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected graph with adjacency matrix A(G) and distance matrix D(G). Let dist (u , v) denote the distance between the pair of vertices u , v ∈ V (G) , then the transmission trs (u) of vertex u is defined as ∑ v ∈ V (G) dist (u , v) . Let trs (G) be the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the transmissions of the vertices of G. And, let deg (G) be the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the degrees of the vertices of G. In this paper we investigate the Smith normal form (SNF) and the spectrum of the matrices D + deg (G) : = deg (G) + D (G) , D deg (G) : = deg (G) - D (G) , A + trs (G) : = trs (G) + A (G) and A trs (G) : = trs (G) - A (G) . In particular, we explore how good the SNF and the spectrum of these matrices are for determining graphs up to isomorphism. We found that the SNF of A trs has an interesting behaviour when compared with other classical matrices. We note that the SNF of A trs can be used to compute the structure of the sandpile group of certain graphs. We compute the SNF of D + deg , D deg , A + trs and A trs for several graph families. We prove that the SNF of D + deg , D deg , A + trs and A trs determine complete graphs. Finally, we derive some results about the spectrum of D deg and A trs . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work and family are closely interconnected domains of human life. The past of three decades have witnessed the increasing research interest in exploring the crossover effect from employee work domain to their family domain. However, we know little about how and when servant leadership has crossover effects on the family member of employees. Drawing on work-family enrichment theory, the study focus on how servant leadership as an other-oriented leadership style enhances employee spousal ratings of family life quality through its effect on employees' other-orientedness. Specially, we propose that servant leadership can increase employees' social mindfulness (i.e., perspective taking and empathic concern) so that to understand spouses' thoughts and care for their feelings, which improve their perception of family life quality. Besides, the study examines the moderating effect of job demands for the relationships. Survey method is hired in this paper. The study collected the employee-spouse dyad data in three waves, each with an interval of two weeks, and examined the whole model through a path analysis using Mplus 8.3. The statistical analysis shows that both perspective taking and empathic concern mediate the positive effect of servant leadership on employee spouses' family life quality. Job demands positively moderates the relationship. The indirect effect of servant leadership on employee spouses' family life quality be strengthened when employees are in high job demands context. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a class of variational inequality problems the constraint set of which is the set of common solutions of a finite family of operator equations, involving hemi-continuous accretive operators on a reflexive and strictly convex Banach space with a Gâteaux differentiable norm. We present a sequential regularization method of Lavrentiev type and an iterative regularization one in combination with an inertial term to speed up convergence. The strong convergence of the methods is proved without the co-coercivity imposed on any operator in the family. An application of our results to solving the split common fixed point problem with pseudocontractive and nonexpansive operators is given with computational experiments for illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give a locally parabolic version of Tb theorem for a class of vector-valued operators with off-diagonal decay in L2 and certain quasi-orthogonality on a subspace of L2, in which the testing functions themselves are also vector-valued. As an application, we establish the boundedness of layer potentials related to parabolic operators in divergence form, defined in the upper half-space ℝ+n+2 ≔ {(x, t, λ) ∈ ℝn+1 × (0, ∞)}, with uniformly complex elliptic, L∞, t, λ-independent coefficients, and satisfying the De Giorgi/Nash estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the impact, trends, and impact levels of factors affecting Pediculus capitis infestation in primary school students. Subject and methods: Among the papers reviewed, 226 were selected, as they contained information that suited the study objectives. Results: The factors whose trends have higher gradients have a higher impact on the infestation level. In order of impact, the gradients of hair washing frequency, health instructor involvement, bathing frequency, mother's and father's education, existence of bathing facility, family size, hairstyle, and family income trends are higher than hair length, and age and education trends. As a result, the factor impacts are diminished from the beginning to the end. The importance of the family size, father's and mother's education, bathing facility existence, health instructor involvement, and bathing and hair washing frequency factors, whose trends increased over time, is higher than family income, hairstyle and length, and age and education, whose trends remained constant or decreased. Based on the gradient of the factor level impact trends, it seems that hair washing frequency, father's and mother's education, and health instructor involvement are the factors with the greatest effects on infestation level, in that order. These are followed by the influence of family income and size, and hairstyle factors. The existence of bathing facilities, bathing frequency, hair length, and education factors have weaker effects. Conclusion: This work provides the importance and impact levels of factors affecting Pediculus capitis infestation levels in primary school students, which will help meet the needs of policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A d-dimensional annulus graph with radii R 1 and R 2 (here R 2 ≥ R 1 ≥ 0 ) is a graph embeddable in R d so that two vertices u and v form an edge if and only if their images in the embedding are at distance in the interval [ R 1 , R 2 ] . In this paper we show that the family A d (R 1 , R 2) of d-dimensional annulus graphs with radii R 1 and R 2 is uniquely characterised by R 2 / R 1 when this ratio is sufficiently large. Moreover, as a step towards a better understanding of the structure of A d (R 1 , R 2) , we show that sup G ∈ A d (R 1 , R 2) χ (G) / ω (G) is given by exp (O (d)) for all R 1 , R 2 satisfying R 2 ≥ R 1 > 0 and also exp (Ω (d)) if moreover R 2 / R 1 ≥ 1.2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant evidence indicates that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) tend to cluster among children and adolescents. Considering that adolescents from African countries present higher risk of being exposed to multiple ACE compared to other countries, the identification of victimization profiles in this population is clearly warranted. The aim of this study was to determine meaningful clusters of individuals with similar experiences of ACE in a sample of Kenyan adolescents. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify latent classes of exposure to ACE. In addition, the relationships between the latent classes and gender, parental education, living arrangements and diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were estimated. A three-class solution was found to be the best description of ACE, and the classes were labelled "Low Risk", "Intermediate Risk", and "High Risk". Compared with the Low-Risk class, the High-Risk class was found to be significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD and being a female may be an antecedent risk factor for high exposure to ACE. The Intermediate Risk class was significantly less likely to have parents with high school or college education. This paper indicates that Kenyan adolescents present higher risk of being exposed to multiple ACE and that trauma research may turn its focus on the individual as the unit of analysis rather than traumatic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we continue the investigation of graph-based reaction systems. We extend the notion by input and output states as well as admitted context sequences to model explicitly input–output relations and decision problems on the inputs. Moreover, we combine extended graph-based reaction systems into families to cover infinite input–output relations and decision problems on infinite sets of graphs. This is used to model NP-problems on graphs and reductions between them as well as to prove their correctness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advance of algorithms for nonlinear semidefinite optimization problems (NSDPs) is remarkable. Yamashita et al. first proposed a primal–dual interior point method (PDIPM) for solving NSDPs using the family of Monteiro–Zhang (MZ) search directions. Since then, various kinds of PDIPMs have been proposed for NSDPs, but, as far as we know, all of them are based on the MZ family. In this paper, we present a PDIPM equipped with the family of Monteiro–Tsuchiya (MT) directions, which were originally devised for solving linear semidefinite optimization problems as were the MZ family. We further prove local superlinear convergence to a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker point of the NSDP in the presence of certain general assumptions on scaling matrices, which are used in producing the MT search directions. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to compare the efficiency among members of the MT family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between household employment insecurity and the risk of children's exposure to household material deprivation in Spain and Portugal. Specifically, using EU-SILC microdata for 2012, 2016 and 2020, it examines how this relationship evolved during the Post-Great Recession period. Although in both countries there was an improvement in the employment situation of individuals and families after the Great Recession, the main findings reflect an increase in the risk of children's exposure to material deprivation in households where no adults have a secure job. However, there are some differences between the two countries. In the case of Spain, the results seem to indicate that the incidence of household employment insecurity on material deprivation was higher in 2016 and 2020 than in 2012. In Portugal, the increase in the effect of employment insecurity on deprivation seems to have occurred only in 2020, the year the Covid-19 pandemic began. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, for d ≥ 1 and s ∈ (0 , d 2) , we study the Bianchi–Egnell quotient Q (f) = inf f ∈ H ˙ s (R d) \ B ‖ (- Δ) s / 2 f ‖ L 2 (R d) 2 - S d , s ‖ f ‖ L 2 d d - 2 s (R d) 2 dist H ˙ s (R d) (f , B) 2 , f ∈ H ˙ s (R d) \ B , where S d , s is the best Sobolev constant and B is the manifold of Sobolev optimizers. By a fine asymptotic analysis, we prove that when d = 1 , there is a neighborhood of B on which the quotient Q (f) is larger than the lowest value attainable by sequences converging to B . This behavior is surprising because it is contrary to the situation in dimension d ≥ 2 described recently in König (Bull Lond Math Soc 55(4):2070–2075, 2023). This leads us to conjecture that for d = 1 , Q (f) has no minimizer on H ˙ s (R d) \ B , which again would be contrary to the situation in d ≥ 2 . As a complement of the above, we study a family of test functions which interpolates between one and two Talenti bubbles, for every d ≥ 1 . For d ≥ 2 , this family yields an alternative proof of the main result of König (Bull Lond Math Soc 55(4):2070–2075, 2023). For d = 1 we make some numerical observations which support the conjecture stated above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing up in socio-economic disadvantage has important and long-lasting effects on children's lives. Children from disadvantaged households often fall behind in many areas of well-being and development, with effects that continue to limit their opportunities and outcomes – including their health and labour market outcomes – long after they reach adulthood. Drawing on Europe-wide survey data from 27 countries, this paper explores how childhood socio-economic disadvantage affects later adult labour market and health outcomes and evaluates the country-level GDP-equivalent cost of childhood disadvantage due to lost employment, lost earnings, and lost health, as well as the costs of lost government revenue and extra benefit spending. Results point to large costs for societies from childhood socio-economic disadvantage, totalling on average the equivalent of 3.5% of GDP annually. We also show that the labour market penalties linked to childhood disadvantage are often smaller in countries with lower absolute levels of disadvantage. While not causal evidence, these associations suggest much of the impact of childhood disadvantage in adulthood can be mitigated with the right environment and policy set up in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss a wide family of dynamical systems whose characteristic feature is a polynomial right-hand side containing coprime forms of the phase variables of the system. One of the equations of the system contains a third-degree polynomial (cubic form), the other equation contains a quadratic form. We consider the problem of constructing all possible phase portraits in the Poincaré disk for systems from the family considered and establish criteria for the implementation of each portrait that are close to coefficient criteria. This problem is solved by using the central and orthogonal Poincaré methods of sequential mappings and a number of other methods developed by the authors for the purposes of this study. We obtained rigorous qualitative and quantitative results. More than 250 topologically distinct phase portraits of various systems were constructed. The absence of limit cycles of systems of this family is proved. Methods developed can be useful for the further study of systems with polynomial right-hand sides of other forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies Σ n 0 -computable families ( n ⩾ 2 ) and their numberings. It is proved that any non-trivial Σ n 0 -computable family has a complete with respect to any of its elements Σ n 0 -computable non-principal numbering. It is established that if a Σ n 0 -computable family is not principal, then any of its Σ n 0 -computable numberings has a minimal cover and, if the family is infinite, is incomparable with one of its minimal Σ n 0 -computable numberings. It is also shown that for any Σ n 0 -computable numbering ν of a Σ n 0 -computable non-principal family there exists its Σ n 0 -computable numbering that is incomparable with ν . If a non-trivial Σ n 0 -computable family contains the least and greatest elements under inclusion, then for any of its Σ n 0 -computable non-principal non-least numberings ν there exists a Σ n 0 -computable numbering of the family incomparable with ν . In particular, this is true for the family of all Σ n 0 -sets and for the families consisting of two inclusion-comparable Σ n 0 -sets (semilattices of the Σ n 0 -computable numberings of such families are isomorphic to the semilattice of m -degrees of Σ n 0 -sets). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families Facing the Future (FFF) is an intervention designed specifically for families with a parent in methadone treatment. FFF is unique because it addresses prevention for children and recovery for parents in a single intervention. The primary goals of the program are to prevent parents' relapse, help them cope with relapse if it occurs, and teach parenting skills in order to reduce the likelihood of substance use among their children. FFF has been implemented as an adjunct to treatment in several Opioid Treatment Programs, but has not been widely adopted due to various implementation barriers. The aims of this study, therefore, were to (1) assess the perceived feasibility of implementing FFF and (2) identify/describe barriers to implementing FFF. An online survey was used to assess implementation feasibility, while individual qualitative interviews were conducted to explore specific barriers to implementation. Data collection from a total of 40 participants (20 patients and 20 providers) was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022 at two Opioid Treatment Programs in Florida. Analyses revealed high feasibility scores, indicating that FFF was viewed by both patients and providers as a practical intervention to implement. Despite strong perceived feasibility of the intervention, qualitative findings identified several implementation barriers with respect to difficulty attending parent training sessions, aversion to in-home visits, and lack of funding (inability to provide patient incentives/bill insurance). This study provides evidence that while patients and providers view FFF as having high feasibility, significant implementation barriers exist. This paper fills a void in the literature by informing if and which modifications might be necessary to facilitate wider adoption of FFF in real-world Opioid Treatment Program settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, on envelopes created by circle families in the plane, all four basic problems (existence problem, representation problem, problem on the number of envelopes, problem on relationships of definitions) are solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the exact controllability of semilinear q ∈ (1 , 2) -order fractional evolution systems with a weighted delay initial condition in abstract spaces. Firstly, with the aid of properties of the strongly continuous cosine family, the expression of mild solutions of the concerned problem is presented. Exact controllability results are achieved under essential conditions on f. An example as an application is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: The Working Group on Ethics in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGARI) already developed documentation tools for the adaption of therapeutic goals 10 years ago. Since then the practical implementation of Comfort Terminal Care in the daily routine in particular has raised numerous questions, which are discussed in this follow-up paper and answered in an evidence-based manner whenever possible. Results: The practical implementation of pain therapy and reduction of anxiety, stress and respiratory distress that are indicated in the context of Comfort Terminal Care are described in more detail. The measures that are not (or no longer) indicated, such as oxygen administration and ventilation as well as the administration of fluids and nutrition, are also commented on. Furthermore, recommendations are given regarding monitoring, (laboratory) findings and drug treatment and the importance of nursing actions in the context of Comfort Terminal Care is mentioned. Finally, the support for the next of kin and the procedure in the time after death are presented. Discussion: A change in treatment goals with a timely switch to Comfort Terminal Care enables good and humane care for seriously ill patients and their relatives at the end of life and the appreciation of their previous life with the possibility of positive experiences until the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends understandings of persistence by drawing on the innovative framing of ‘sisu’. Sisu is a recently theorised Finnish concept and, whilst not having a direct English translation, articulates an inner fortitude which is activated in adversity. To better understand persistence, we analysed interview and survey data collected in Australia from 376 students who were first in family (FiF) at university. Successful progression through a degree is largely regarded as moving forward in a linear fashion, with few gaps or disjuncture enroute. However, as this was contrary to the experiences of our participants, sisu provided a framework to challenge the construction of persisting to completion as linear and one-dimensional and move us beyond the hyper-individualism that characterises higher education systems. Sisu is regarded as a rich personal resource which is embedded in the collective community, where efforts to keep moving forward and remain resolute in adversity are both individual and communal. Our interpretations provide insight into the complex and subjective nature of persistence, especially for equity-bearing students as they negotiated systemic and subtle barriers that had potential to hinder their academic endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout evolution, protein families undergo substantial sequence divergence while preserving structure and function. Although most mutations are deleterious, evolution can explore sequence space via epistatic networks of intramolecular interactions that alleviate the harmful mutations. However, comprehensive analysis of such epistatic networks across protein families remains limited. Thus, we conduct a family wide analysis of the B1 metallo-β-lactamases, combining experiments (deep mutational scanning, DMS) on two distant homologs (NDM-1 and VIM-2) and computational analyses (in silico DMS based on Direct Coupling Analysis, DCA) of 100 homologs. The methods jointly reveal and quantify prevalent epistasis, as ~1/3rd of equivalent mutations are epistatic in DMS. From DCA, half of the positions have a >6.5 fold difference in effective number of tolerated mutations across the entire family. Notably, both methods locate residues with the strongest epistasis in regions of intermediate residue burial, suggesting a balance of residue packing and mutational freedom in forming epistatic networks. We identify entrenched WT residues between NDM-1 and VIM-2 in DMS, which display statistically distinct behaviors in DCA from non-entrenched residues. Entrenched residues are not easily compensated by changes in single nearby interactions, reinforcing existing findings where a complex epistatic network compounds smaller effects from many interacting residues. Combining computation and experimentation, the authors reveal prevalent epistatic patterns of the highly diverged B1 β-lactamase family. Both methods locate residues with the strongest epistasis in regions of intermediate residue burial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The affine Grassmannian associated to a reductive group G is an affine analogue of the usual flag varieties. It is a rich source of Poisson varieties and their symplectic resolutions. These spaces are examples of conical symplectic resolutions dual to the Nakajima quiver varieties. We study the cohomological stable envelopes of Maulik and Okounkov (Astérisque 408:ix+209, 2019) in this family. We construct an explicit recursive relation for the stable envelopes in the G = PSL 2 case and compute the first-order correction in the general case. This allows us to write an exact formula for multiplication by a divisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research lacks an understanding of how decision makers preserve longevity within family businesses. This study examines longevity under a microfoundational lens, through an interpretive qualitative research design. The selected cases are nine long-established Australian family wineries. The outcome is a multilevel grounded model of the preservation of family firm longevity that integrates the dual firm-family relationship with the individual level of decision makers. The model shows the role played by interactions among multiple levels of analysis — namely, the individual, the family and the firm — in preserving the longevity of the family business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study tested the efficacy of parenting program components in reducing disruptive or delinquent child behaviors at first post-treatment for families with children in early versus middle childhood. Methods: Eighty-five studies were identified, containing five parenting components (Psychoeducation [PE], Behavior management [BM], Relationship enhancement [RE], Parental self-management [SM], and Parent as a coach [PC]). Results: For both early and middle childhood, four parenting program components were effective, namely (1) BM, (2) BM with RE, (3) BM with SM, and (4) BM with PE and RE and SM and PC. However, BM with RE and SM, as well as BM with PE and RE and SM, were effective during early childhood. BM with RE appeared to be the most beneficial intervention during early childhood, while BM was most effective during middle childhood. Conclusion: The evidence highlights the need to implement different programmatic components developmentally, during early versus middle childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a hereditary family of graphs F , let F n denote the set of all members of F on n vertices. The speed of F is the function f (n) = | F n | . An implicit representation of size ℓ (n) for F n is a function assigning a label of ℓ (n) bits to each vertex of any given graph G ∈ F n , so that the adjacency between any pair of vertices can be determined by their labels. Bonamy, Esperet, Groenland, and Scott proved that the minimum possible size of an implicit representation of F n for any hereditary family F with speed 2 Ω (n 2) is (1 + o (1)) log 2 | F n | / n ( = Θ (n) ). A recent result of Hatami and Hatami shows that the situation is very different for very sparse hereditary families. They showed that for every δ > 0 there are hereditary families of graphs with speed 2 O (n log n) that do not admit implicit representations of size smaller than n 1 / 2 - δ . In this note we show that even a mild speed bound ensures an implicit representation of size O (n c) for some c < 1 . Specifically we prove that for every ε > 0 there is an integer d ≥ 1 so that if F is a hereditary family with speed f (n) ≤ 2 (1 / 4 - ε) n 2 then F n admits an implicit representation of size O (n 1 - 1 / d log n) . Moreover, for every integer d > 1 there is a hereditary family for which this is tight up to the logarithmic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although caregiving responsibilities and need for support persist and evolve across the life course in families with autistic youth or youth with other developmental disabilities (DDs), little is known about support during their child's adulthood years. Therefore, the present study used a mixed-methods approach to examine change and stability in formal and informal family support across the transition to adulthood. Caregivers of 126 individuals with autism or DDs completed a modified version of the Family Support Scale, including open-ended questions, at five time points from adolescence (age 16) into young adulthood (age 22). Caregivers reported that informal support from family members was the most frequently used, helpful, and valued source of support with relative stability across time. In contrast, the reported helpfulness, use, and value of formal support (e.g., professionals, schools) for caregivers declined over time. Qualitative content analyses revealed characteristics of highly valued support included support type (e.g., instrumental or emotional) and features of the support source (e.g., their understanding). There was a shift to valuing emotional support more than instrumental support over time, especially for caregivers of less able adults. Partnership and dependability emerged as highly valued features of the support source. These findings fit within a social convoy perspective and likely reflect the "service cliff" experienced by autistic individuals or people with DDs and their families. As social networks shrink over time and formal services are less readily available in adulthood, remaining sources of support, particularly from family members, become increasingly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the long-term consequences of informal care provision have been well investigated, few studies have examined the trajectories of informal care provision among older people and the socioeconomic, demographic, health, and family characteristics associated with them. We use data from four waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with 6561 respondents followed for 6 years (2012/3–2018/9). We used group-based trajectory modelling to group people's provision of care over time into a finite number of distinct trajectories of caregiving. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we then investigated the characteristics associated with these trajectories. Four distinct trajectories of caregiving were identified: "stable intensive", "increasing intensive", "decreasing", and "stable no care". Results suggest that although there are socioeconomic, demographic, and health differences across the trajectories of caregiving (with younger women in good health and poorer socioeconomic status more likely to care intensively throughout), family characteristics are their main drivers. Respondents who live alone, with no children, and no parents alive are more likely to never provide care, whereas those with older parents and who live with adults in poor health are more likely to provide stable intensive care. Also, changes in family characteristics (e.g. death of parents, widowhood, or deterioration of the partner's health) are associated with trajectories representing increases or decreases in caregiving over time. Overall, trajectories of informal caregiving undertaken by older people are varied and these patterns are mostly associated with both the availability and health of family members, suggesting that need factors represent the most immediate reason for caregiving commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]