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This paper systematizes and compares, based on the reasoning of the U.S. Supreme Court and its decisions, four pairings of concepts that arise from discussions on the operability of the presumption of innocence in the AngloAmerican legal system. The article illustrates that the partial conclusions in each of these comparisons must be reached by arguments consistent with the normative foundation of the presumption of innocence principle in order to find the defining characteristics of said principle. Ultimately, the paper sets forth a definition of the presumption of innocence that encompasses each of the partial conclusions thus reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the impact of lockdown on education in the context of social acceleration. In this paper, we address the necessary (re)construction required to enhance the education of adolescents. From this perspective, it examines the potential of the adolescent brain, as advocated by Daniel Siegel. The present study employs a bibliographical research methodology to investigate the impact of social acceleration on education in the aftermath of the lockdown. We emphasize that the adolescent phase is crucial for the development of potentials in the educational context. In this vein, a philosophical analysis of the school is conducted, highlighting it as a space for (re)constructing practices that encourage adolescents to listen to the world around them. Therefore, the school must illuminate the potential of adolescence, such as creativity and openness to novelty, as a space for (re)creating subjects in times of acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a hundred years, the study of the parties involved in a crime has been extensively researched, becoming a crucial topic in the field of criminal law. Although there is a considerable amount of research on this issue in the common law and civil law systems, there has been a notable lack of interest in comparative law studies between the two systems. This paper presents a comparative law study between the aforementioned models, offering a parallel and analytical analysis to understand their application and the challenges associated with the implementation of these categories. These categories are increasingly universal in Western criminal thought and policy, which makes this analysis systematic, complex and articulated. The analysis will focus on the German Criminal Code interpreted in the light of the theory of the act dominion and the Model Penal Code, serving as a harmonizing instrument for various criminal codes prevailing in the U.S. The need for comparative studies on U.S. criminal law and the German Criminal Code will be highlighted. With the internationalization of criminal law, comparative studies are becoming indispensable, as it is in this area that the clash of legal cultures occurs. A comparative study between the two models aims to determine the extent to which each system has similarities and differences. This study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between the systems of the Model Penal Code (common law) and the German Penal Code (civil law) with the aim of exposing the extent to which they differ and, thus, to improve the application of criminal categories in a context of internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This paper aims to explore the links that some recent Argentine presidencies (Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Mauricio Macri and Alberto Fernández) maintained with the Russian Federation. Methodology: It will initially dwell into the longstanding tradition of pacifism which characterizes Argentine foreign policy, and then proceed to register the strategy of its most recent federal administrations regarding their international outlooks and its ties with Russia. Its strategy regarding the war in Ukraine will be inscribed within that broader diplomatic framework and tradition. It will then introduce the concept ‘geopolitical vaccinationalism’ into this scenario, making connections between purely public health issues, originated after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and foreign policy postures and decisions that are not necessarily related to them. In this section, the strategies of some recent Argentine administrations regarding the purchase of COVID-19 vaccines to be administered to its population will also be covered. Finally, in the last section of the paper, the issue of the increased rate of pregnant Russian women coming to Argentina to give birth will also be tackled. Conclusions/originality: This situation, prompted by the Russian-Ukraine Conflict, increased the strains between Presidents Alberto Fernández and Vladimir Putin, while also presenting risks in regard to the international standing of Argentina and the seriousness with which its passport is being regarded by foreign governments.

This paper analyzes the way in which linguistic accuracy is formulated in El libro de estilo de la lengua española (2018), the latest normative publication by the Real Academia de la Lengua (Royal Spanish Academy) and the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (Association of Academies of the Spanish Language). We show that more than half of the rules listed are of a diffuse, or fuzzy nature. We study three kinds of fuzzy rules: rules with a low deontic load, which have little prescriptive character; confusing rules, which are imprecise or subjective in nature; and rules for highly specific cases, with a very limited field of application. Finally, we note that it is not unusual for these three types to appear together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to trace the morphologization process that allowed the formation of a prefix from an adverb, both coinciding in the form no. In order to do this, we consider the theory of grammaticalization to analyze a corpus of 794 Spanish words with no-, gathered from different sources from the 13th to the 21st century. The results show the different stages of the change process in which the adverb expanded its contextual distribution, which allowed it to appear before nouns. In this context, the adverb acquires the typical characteristics of a negation prefix, with specific meaning nuances according to the type of noun base it attaches to: total negation for deverbal nouns (no inclusión, ‘non-inclusion’) or partial negation in the case of concrete nouns (no libro, ‘non-book’). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present an unknown text in the fields of philology and the history of science: the Diccionario de medicina peruana (Dictionary of Peruvian Medicine), by Hermilio Valdizán (1923-1961). To this end, we analyze the macrostructure, microstructure and iconostructure of the nine volumes that constitute this monumental contribution to the historical, anthropological and ethnographic studies of the pre-Hispanic and colonial culture of Peru, to which Valdizán dedicated more than two decades of tireless documentary and compilation work. We offer a study of the lexical units included in this lexicographical repertoire, as well as the areas of specialization to which the word list compiled by Valdizán belongs, the lexicographical sources that he used for the preparation of his work and the presence of the indigenous element. This will be accompanied by a review of the biobibliographical, encyclopedic and linguistic contributions preserved in this dictionary, which is revealed as a fundamental piece to understand and (re)construct the medical history of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the spelling regulations implemented by Facebook and Twitter users during the national strikes of 2019 and 2021 in Colombia. From a glotopolitical perspective, the study identifies the discursive constructions associated with spelling adequacy in virtual interventions (comments and posts) as well as in public spaces (graffiti) within the context of these social movements. The topoï that support these discourses are located, and the argumentative strategies employed by individuals in their publications are highlighted. The analysis focuses on the underlying ideologemes of these interventions and reveals that both proponents and opponents of the strikes share conservative perspectives regarding spelling, often linking it to factors such as education level, intelligence, and criminality. Finally, the research uncovers a relationship between the unrestricted surveillance of spelling regulations and the defense of social regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare measures and their assessment involve a set of indicators that, as economic thought evolves, are subject to critique. Nonetheless, the ultimate debate focuses on the quality of life and the conditions fostered by each economy. Using data from the period 1993 to 2019, this paper presents an analysis of the current account and terms of trade, highlighting the significance of these variables, as they encompass important flows and contribute to shaping market conditions and the resulting benefits. The study employs both Vector Error Correction (VECM) and Structural Vector Error Correction (SVECM) models to explore the interplay between external dynamics and their effects on the economy. The findings reveal that an export price shock has an expansive effect on investment, yet its impact on savings becomes marginally significant over time. Unexpected shocks on investment are roughly 38% reliant on external factors, of which an average of 32% is attributable to export prices, underscoring the tight correlation between investment and international market dynamics. Notably, the results indicate that external dynamics primarily exert short-term effects. Consequently, despite periods of robust growth, reduced unemployment, and poverty reduction, these indicators have not proven to be sustainable in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a chronic disease of the female genital tract, the etiology of which is still unclear. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, from a biopsychosocial perspective, the structure of social representations of endometriosis of women with this disease and healthy women. To this end, an exploratory survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire. The results made it possible to identify those particular type of social representations, the controversies, articulated differently and often contradictory in their peripheral elements. These results provide a useful basis for the construction of intervention strategies to avoid the "epistemological purgatory" in which many women are forced to live due to the discrepancy between the subjective experience of endometriosis and its expert knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acquisition cost of every equipment is connected to the complexity degree of the operation, leading to possible differences among the assigned controls. Variations in control practices are likely to be more complex depending on the organizations, as in the case of hospital units. The paper aimed to control a hospital unit based on the asset acquisition cost and considering contingency factors. Management control is understood as a set of activities and practices to guarantee the enforcement of management plans (Anthony & Govindarajan, 2008). A single-case study qualitative approach was used and data was collected from semi-structured interviews. The object was a hospital in Brazil. The asset acquisition cost did not seem to interfere with the control practices adopted by the hospital unit. In this manner, the organization assets are recorded and controlled uniformly. In spite of a formal and structured internal control, an asset having a higher or lower acquisition cost does not directly interfere with control.