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Faced with the problem of incompatibility between traditional information acquisition mode and spaceborne earth observation tasks, starting from the general mathematical model of compressed sensing, a theoretical model of block compressed sensing was established, and a full-process adaptive coding and decoding compressed sensing framework for remote sensing images was proposed, which includes five parts: mode selection, feature factor extraction, adaptive shape segmentation, adaptive sampling rate allocation and image reconstruction. Unlike previous semi-adaptive or local adaptive methods, the advantages of the adaptive encoding and decoding method proposed in this paper are mainly reflected in four aspects: (1) Ability to select encoding modes based on image content, and maximizing the use of the richness of the image to select appropriate sampling methods; (2) Capable of utilizing image texture details for adaptive segmentation, effectively separating complex and smooth regions; (3) Being able to detect the sparsity of encoding blocks and adaptively allocate sampling rates to fully explore the compressibility of images; (4) The reconstruction matrix can be adaptively selected based on the size of the encoding block to alleviate block artifacts caused by non-stationary characteristics of the image. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this article has good stability for remote sensing images with complex edge textures, with the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity remaining above 35 dB and 0.8. Moreover, especially for ocean images with relatively simple image content, when the sampling rate is 0.26, the peak signal-to-noise ratio reaches 50.8 dB, and the structural similarity is 0.99. In addition, the recovered images have the smallest BRISQUE value, with better clarity and less distortion. In the subjective aspect, the reconstructed image has clear edge details and good reconstruction effect, while the block effect is effectively suppressed. The framework designed in this paper is superior to similar algorithms in both subjective visual and objective evaluation indexes, which is of great significance for alleviating the incompatibility between traditional information acquisition methods and satellite-borne earth observation missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]