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In the recent era of computational technologies, the internet is needed daily. The data generated is enormous and primarily stored on dedicated servers or clouds. Data migration and transfer are significant tasks for maintaining consistency and updating data. The data is the most critical component in any cloud service. There are various methods to protect data, like secure transfer, encryption, and authentication. These techniques are used as per need and transmission of the data. As data grows on a server or cloud, it must be migrated securely. Here, the exhaustive survey is provided for building a framework for migrating and transmitting cloud data. The framework should be sustainable and adaptable for load-balancing recovery and secure transmission. Various security load balancing parameters must be considered to obtain these state-of-the-art functionalities in the framework. The existing similar frameworks are studied, and findings are proposed in the paper to develop the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current trend of people having their multimedia-capable wireless and mobile devices roam within highly urbanized areas (i.e., smart cities) has led to the wide deployment of overlapping heterogeneous wireless network technologies. In this regard, various challenges have emerged, such as the number of mobile devices that connect or disconnect a wireless network domain, the diversity of time of their connections, frequent handovers as mobile devices frequently change their locations, the heterogeneity of wireless network technologies, cooperation challenges between the overlapping heterogeneous wireless network technologies, the increasing volume of multimedia traffic, security and privacy issues, and many more. This paper focuses on the deployment of a routing-based distributed mobility management (DMM) scheme to address the constraints and limitations of centralized wireless architectures for smart cities. The comparative analysis with centralized mobility management solutions shows significant alleviation in performance as to handover latency and packet losses, thus providing seamless handovers to maintain quality of service (QoS) for multimedia services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight communication protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are unfolding for machine to machine (M2M) communications and thus there is always going to be a possible conflict of interest on which protocol is best suited for any particular application. The two protocols of interest in this study are the message queue telemetry transport protocol for sensor network (MQTT-SN), a variant of message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol and the constrained application protocol (CoAP). There have been studies that reveal that these protocols perform differently based on the underlying network conditions. CoAP experience lower delays than MQTT for higher packet loss and higher delays for lower packet loss. MQTT default communication via a broker is easier to scale compared to CoAP direct request-response paradigm. Although this is a huge advantage over CoAP, it presents the single point-of-failure problem. In this paper we propose an integration of MQTT-CoAP protocol using an abstraction layer that enables both MQTT-SN and CoAP protocol to be used in the same sensor node. Resources are managed by directly modifying sensor node configuration using CoAP protocol. Performance evaluation of these protocols under the integrated scenario shows acceptable levels of latency and energy consumption for internet of thing (IoT) operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid proliferation of the internet of things (IoT) technology has significantly transformed urban landscapes, giving rise to smart city frameworks that leverage interconnected devices for enhanced efficiency and functionality. In these environments, vast amounts of data are generated by diverse sensors and devices, necessitating advanced strategies for effective data collection and transmission. This paper introduces a novel approach to address data collection and transmission challenges in IoTenabled smart city frameworks. The proposed design integrates IoT-Cloud for efficient data collection and employs the energy efficient reliable data transmission (EERDT) model, optimizing IoT data transmission. The enhanced dragonfly routing algorithm, incorporating the firefly algorithm, enhances data routing efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate EERDT's superiority over energy-aware iot-routing (EAIR) and locationcentric energy-harvesting aware-routing (LCEHAR), revealing significant improvements in communication overhead, data processing latency, and network lifetime. The EERDT exhibits substantial reductions in communication overhead, enhancing overall network performance. The EERDT model showcases lower data processing latency and energy consumption, highlighting its potential for resource-efficient IoT data transmission. This work contributes an innovative solution for smart city IoT networks, emphasizing performance enhancements and resource efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As wearable devices continue to proliferate, seamlessly integrating them into wireless body-area networks (WBANs) becomes increasingly crucial. Bodycoupled communication (BCC) emerges as a promising WBAN technology, utilizing the human body itself as a transmission channel. This paper presents a novel BCC transceiver designed for efficiency and miniaturization. The proposed transceiver prioritizes reliable data transmission with a convolutional encoder. It leverages a simple direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, minimizing chip area. At the receiver, a Viterbi decoder (VD) ensures accurate data recovery. This design shines in its resource efficiency. It occupies less than 1% of an Artix-7 FPGA, operates at 268.77 MHz with a mere 111 mW power consumption, and achieves a remarkable data rate of 13.78 Mbps. This translates to a hardware efficiency of 44.46 Kbps/slice, surpassing existing transceivers. Moreover, the BCC transceiver exhibits a stellar bit error rate (BER) of over 10-7 under realistic body channel conditions. Overall, this work presents a highly efficient BCC transceiver with significant improvements in chip area, power consumption, and data rate compared to existing designs. This paves the way for practical and miniaturized WBAN solutions for future wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technological support for the simultaneous and frequent access by a large number of users to radio resources. For 5G cellular systems, this exhaust is not enough to provide physical layer services. An appropriate Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) minimization principle, which maximizes data capacity and channel utility, has been used to address this issue. In this paper, mainly focus on minimize the high PAPR of the candidate sequence of the OFDM sub-block using modified enhancement asymmetric arithmetic coding scheme (M-EAAC). According to this, circular shifting of the candidate sequence is established in the spatial circular shifting and temporal interleaving (SCS-TI) form to generated different set of conjugated phases which is multiplied with candidate sequence. Then, the transmitting antenna is identified the best lowest PAPR of the candidate sequence is chosen for entire OFDM data transmission. The simulation results conveys that the proposed SCS-TI method provide acceptable improvement in the PAPR reduction as compared with conventional selective mapping (SLM) and pseudo-random SLM (PR-SLM). Moreover, the complexity evaluation which ensure the proposed method provides better improvement at three important stages includes inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation, optimization process, and PAPR calculation at each candidate sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibreless optics or free space optical communications (FSOC) has been at the forefront of many academic research in telecommunications due to its numerous benefits of large spectrum, high-speed data transmission, security, low transmit power, unlicensed spectrum and non-interfering links. Among the technical challenges of dense deployment of small cells in heterogeneous networks (HetNet) is a flexible and cost-effective backhaul link. This paper proposes, designs, simulates and evaluates the performance of a 350 m FSOC link under different atmospheric impairments for picocell to macrocell backhauling applications. The performance of the FSOC link is assessed by evaluating bit error rate (BER), eye diagram and quality factor (Q-factor). Results obtained recommend the FSOC link deployment for picomacrocell backhauling under the weather conditions of clear sky with/without turbulence, heavy rain, heavy haze, heavy fog and wet snow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students' learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embedded-system design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industry is currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the automation of cyber physical systems and advanced connectivity through the internet of things (IoT). This revolution enables real-time monitoring of machines status on the shop floor by leveraging cyber-physical and IoT technologies. This paper describes the results of research that develops IoT and cloud-based visualization for a machining manufacturing system shop floor. Our proposed solution involves an internet of things device equipped with two current sensors to detect machine and spindle current. The sensor connected to an Arduino Nano, which is then connected to Wemos D1 for wireless transmission of data to the cloud. The cloud has been developed to store data and provide visualization applications, in the form of machines layout map to monitor machines conditions in the form of machines ON, machines OFF, spindles ON and spindles OFF in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption methods had been widely used for secure data transmission and communication in both public and private organizations against intruders. Rivest-shamir-adleman (RSA) encryption algorithm is one of the most popular and efficient encryption schemes that has been in used for decades. Due to technological advancement and innovation, there is a threat to this algorithm. It is believed that introduction of quantum computer will break RSA algorithm easily. In view of this, it is pertinent to research into how RSA algorithm could be strengthened against all adversaries. This research aim at protecting client/server communication and file sharing by generating dynamic public and private keys. The proposed method was implemented in visual basic.net 2008. The result shows that dynamic keys do not affect the performance of the system and it is capable of protecting communication and file sharing between client/server. As the key generated keeps changing at an interval, it will difficult for most advance computer to factor any of the keys before another key is generated. This is the basis of the security of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time transmission of biomedical signals is immensely challenging and requires cloud and internet of things (IoT) infrastructure. Security is also an important factor; however, to accomplish this, a reconstruction method is developed in which the entire signal is supplied as an input, the primary portion is considered here, and the signal is further encoded and transmitted to the destination. Electrocardiogram (ECG) compression for the lightweight wireless network is quite challenging for long-term healthcare monitoring. Compressed sensing (CS) involves efficient encoding mechanisms for error rate estimation for reconstruction and energy consumption for wireless transmission of data. We propose a multi-task compressed sensing (MT-CS) reconstruction mechanism in this study for ECG compression of data is most chosen for a wireless network system that has various sensors embedded in it. This model further extracts the essential adaptive features for correlation existing in the ECG signals. The performance of the proposed MT-CS reconstruction mechanism is evaluated on the multiparameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care (MIMIC-II) dataset, which ensures its robustness and generalization. The results obtained upon simulation ensure that the proposed MT-CS based reconstruction approach ensures excellent reconstruction signal with fewer measurements in comparison with the existing state-of-art CS techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]