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The digitization of businesses is a complex process involving a range of technological, human, and economic aspects. In a post-pandemic world, the expectations of digitalization and its prerequisites are becoming a key driver towards increasing the competitiveness of enterprises. This study aims to empirically investigate the structures of digitalization and reveal the existence of latent factors in it. This paper examines 25 aspects of digitalization identified by previous studies. The research is based on processing 443 questionnaires focused on the digitalization of enterprises and collected in the Czech Republic. Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors of digitalization (three are among the predictors, and two are among the outcomes). Personal digital skills, information, and digital capabilities are the three factors that predict successful digital transformation projects. Organizational performance and Operational efficiency are two outputs of digitalization. Our study explores the relationships between these factors and opens the way for a broader scholarly discussion regarding the conditions for enhancing the success of enterprise digital transformation projects.