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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and epigenomic profiles are closely linked and reciprocally regulated. EVs reprogram the epigenomic profile by remodeling DNA, RNA, and histone modifications in recipient cells, by delivering cargoes mainly targeting methyltransferase and demethyltransferase. EVs display great potential as diagnostic markers and epidrug delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications. Advanced technologies and multi-omic profiling to define single EV characterization would improve the loading efficacy and delivery accuracy of EVs in disease treatments. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), emerging as novel mediators between intercellular communication, encapsulate distinct bioactive cargoes to modulate multiple biological events, such as epigenetic remodeling. In essence, EVs and epigenomic profiles are tightly linked and reciprocally regulated. Epigenetic factors, including histone and DNA modifications, noncoding RNAs, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) dynamically regulate EV biogenesis to contribute to EV heterogeneity. Alternatively, EVs actively modify DNA, RNA, and histone profiles in recipient cells by delivering RNA and protein cargoes for downstream epigenetic enzyme regulation. Moreover, EVs display great potential as diagnostic markers and drug-delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications. The combination of parental cell epigenomic modification with single EV characterization would be a promising strategy for EV engineering to enhance the epidrug loading efficacy and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary methylmercury (MeHg) exposure has posed substantial risks to human health. Existing studies have characterized the spatial patterns of China's MeHg exposure. However, the spatial difference and relevant influencing factors have not been investigated. This study quantified the spatial differences of dietary MeHg exposure in China and revealed the relevant influencing factors, which can help optimize the dietary behavior to reduce MeHg exposure. Results show that dietary MeHg exposure in coastal regions is significantly higher than the national average, especially in Shanghai (+191%). Dietary structure difference is the most significant factor influencing spatial differences in MeHg exposure, and its contribution increased from 64% to 73% between 2004 and 2019. In particular, the high proportion of marine fish intake dominates the significantly higher MeHg exposure in most regions. An intake ratio of 2:3 for marine and freshwater fishes is recommended to ensure minimal MeHg exposure and meanwhile meet the nutritional needs. Moreover, narrowing regional dietary behavior disparities can reduce the overall MeHg exposure in China. These findings highlight the importance of region-specific measures in reducing dietary MeHg exposure and implementing the Minamata Convention on Mercury. • Dietary MeHg exposure in coastal regions is higher than the national average of China. • Dietary structure contributes about 70% to the spatial difference in MeHg exposure. • An intake ratio of 2:3 for marine and freshwater fish is recommended for minimal exposure. • Narrowing dietary behavior disparities can reduce the overall MeHg exposure in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese population suffers severe health risk from dietary methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. However, the temporal change of such risk and socioeconomic driving factors remain unknown. This study investigates this issue by compiling time-series inventory of China's MeHg-related health risk at the provincial scale and revealing critical socioeconomic influencing factors through structural decomposition analysis. Results show that the per-fetus IQ decrements from dietary MeHg exposure have declined by 60% nationally during 2004–2019. Such decline results from the joint effects of dietary shifts (contributing 44%) and the decrease of MeHg concentrations in foods consumed (contributing 56%). However, the declining trend has slowed down since 2014 and even leveled off after 2016, which is mainly affected by dietary pattern changes. Especially, the increased intake level and proportion of fishes in underdeveloped provinces of China have dominated the slowdown of declining trend after 2016. Moreover, the affluence and education levels have significantly negative associations with per-fetus IQ decrements. Rich and well-educated people have higher ability of risk perception, which indicates the importance of rational consumption patterns. Our findings can help develop socioeconomic regulatory policies on reducing per-fetus IQ decrements from dietary MeHg exposure in China. [Display omitted] • China's MeHg-related health risk has declined by 60% during 2004–2019. • Dietary shift and MeHg concentration decline caused 44% and 56% risk reductions, respectively. • Increased fish intake in less developed provinces caused a slowing downward trend after 2016. • Affluence and education levels have significantly negative associations with the risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a nanofiber-hydrogel composite patch (FHCP) with sandwich structure was developed,which provided effectively anti swelling property and wet adhesion performance. More importantly, this patch achieved effective anti-inflammatory and prevention of post-operative abdominal adhesion. [Display omitted] • A nanofiber-hydrogel composite patch with sandwich structure providing effectively anti swelling property was developed. • The prepared nanofiber-hydrogel composite patch achieved combining excellent physical isolation and drug treatment. • The sandwich structure of the patch provided hierarchical drug release drugs release, and realized excellent anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, and preventing post-operative abdominal adhesion. Abdominal adhesions have a high incidence after surgery due to fibrosis and inflammation resulting in damaged tissues caused by trauma, bleeding, infection, foreign body stimulation. The adhesions introduced persistent chronic pain because of attachment and traction seriously affects physical health patients. Recent years, various kinds of membrances, hydrogel, nanofibers were developed to inhibit post-operative abdominal adhesion by physical isolation or drug treatment. However, the integration of physical isolation and pharmaceutical therapy in one platform still has some challenges. For example, the anti-swelling property of hydrogel is not good, membrane is easy prone to displacement. Herein, we developed a nanofiber-hydrogel composite patch (FHCP) with sandwich structure providing effectively anti swelling property and wet adhesion performance. Meanwhile, the nanofiber-hydrogel composite patch achieved combining excellent physical isolation and drug treatment, the sandwich structure of patch provided hierarchical drug release drugs release, and then made the patch realized excellent anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, and preventing post-operative abdominal adhesion. Our results showed that the prepared patch has better effects on anti-inflammation, effectively suppressing post-operative adhesion in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, we believe that our nanofiber-hydrogel composite patch has broad clinical application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, BiOCl–C composites were prepared using sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) as the carbon source. SLS also acted as a surfactant, and the BiOCl–C nanosheets gradually became smaller with the increase of SLS dosages. When SLS was added at 0.4 g, the formed BiOCl–C nanosheets had the best effect in terms of size and photocatalytic activity. Compared with pure BiOCl, the small size BiOCl–C nanosheets showed better degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and could eliminate 90.2 % RhB under light conditions. This might be due to the incorporation of carbon material which increased the specific surface area and decreased the electron-hole recombination rate. Meanwhile, BiOCl–C obtained higher electron mobility rate under the small size effect, which improved the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Therefore, the prepared BiOCl–C is a promising photocatalyst for degrading organic pollutants. This work provides a new idea for the design of efficient environmental catalytic photocatalysts. [Display omitted] • BiOCl–C composites were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. • Sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) was used as surfactant and carbon precursor. • The effect of SLS on the morphology of BiOCl–C was investigated in detail. • The photocatalytic performance of BiOCl–C was significantly improved. • The photocatalytic mechanism of RhB degradation by BiOCl–C was described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]