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Green synthesis from plant waste involves the generation of functional nanoparticles (NPs), offering significant potential for a wide range of applications. Numerous studies have focused on the use of plant extracts to produce AuNPs suitable for various applications in the medical field, particularly in photothermal therapy and cancer therapy, owing to their plasmonic properties. Moreover, NP-mediated immunostimulation and immunosuppression is an intriguing field of research, focusing on how manipulation of NP physicochemical properties can influence their inter-action with immune cells and immune modulation. However, to date, few investigations have been conducted on the modulation of the inflammatory response mediated by green-synthesized nanostructures. To this aim, we synthesized AuNPs using extracts of Laurus nobilis , which exhibit high crystallinity and are inherently coated by a dense network of polyphenols, thus maintaining stability on their surface through the green synthesis approach. Then, in order to explore how these green-synthesized nanostructures can enhance or suppress the inflammatory cellular responses, we investigated the response of free polyphenols and AuNPs@polyphenols in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), by means of morphomechanical analysis and biochemical assays. Our findings demonstrated that DCs exposed to both free polyphenol extract and AuNPs@polyphenols were able to inhibit the secretion of crucial inflammatory mediators in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Therefore, polyphenols immobilized on Au surface were more effective in the inflammation suppression. These evidence paving the way for a powerful strategy to develop edible anti-inflammatory adjuvants, overcoming the limitations associated with the use of free polyphenols in clinical practice. [Display omitted] • free polyphenols and AuNPs@polyphenols in BMDCs were investigated by morphomechanical analysis and biochemical assays. • BMDCs exposed to both free polyphenols extract and AuNPs@polyphenols are able to suppress the secretion of crucial inflammatory mediators. • AuNPs@polyphenols are powerful tools to develop edible anti-inflammatory adjuvants and overcome the limitations associated to free polyphenols in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • m-SPL techniques allow the patterning at the nanoscale with unprecedented precision. • Nanoindentation is the easiest m-SPL, permitting the realization of nanoholes array. • AFM Plowing lithographies allow for patterning in contact and semicontact modes. • Static and Dynamic Plowing lithography stands for advanced m-SPL techniques. • Coupled m-SPL enhances the patterning capability and the properties of nanostructures. In recent years, the scientific community's interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology stems from the increasing capability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology development is closely linked to fabricating and characterizing structures below 100 nm, driven by technological advancements enabling their in-depth analysis. Up to now, several top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication approaches have been developed to realize a plethora of nanostructures. Although effective, these methods have many drawbacks like high costs and limitations in feature size. In this scenario, Scanning Probe-based Lithography (SPL) emerges as a very promising alternative to conventional nanofabrication techniques, overcoming their main method limitations with versatility, flexibility, low cost, and nanoscale resolution. This review focuses on mechanical Scanning Probe-based Lithography (m-SPL), tracing its evolution from inception to recent advances. Different m-SPL methods, such as Nanoindentation, Static and Dynamic Plowing lithography, Nanomilling, and their variants are discussed in-depth, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks, and highlighting their application. Moreover, this review explores the effects of combining m-SPL with other energy sources, such as heat and electric energy, and outlines future perspectives in the field. Overall, m-SPL stands out as a promising avenue in nanofabrication, offering sub-nanometer resolution and diverse material manipulation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]