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Carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) is emerging as an important solution in delivering deep emissions reductions in energy-intensive industries, enabling hydrogen production, and possibly directly capturing existing carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere. The potential for associated new industry activity – for example in CO 2 Transport and Storage (T&S) – could also be important in transitioning economies with legacy investment in oil and gas extraction. This paper addresses the question of how introducing a nascent T&S industry may impact the wider UK economy in the presence of persisting national labour supply constraints. It does so by refining a multi-sector economy-wide computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the UK to run scenarios focussed on the emergence of a nascent sector, involving identification of benchmark activity – here, the existing oil and gas industry – where that nascent sector is not currently represented in national accounting data. Crucially, the CGE model embeds a theoretically and empirically tested wage bargaining function to consider how cost and price pressures triggered will condition dynamic outcomes for producers, consumers and government budgets. Results suggest that emergence of a new T&S industry is likely to deliver sustained net gains in UK employment and GDP. However, maximising T&S-linked jobs gains while minimising displacement of employment and price pressures elsewhere in the economy requires policy action to alleviate labour supply and skills constraints. This reinforces policy and industry recommendations around the need for net zero workforce planning and attention to the potential fiscal implications of taking action, or not/in different timeframes. • Introducing a new CO 2 Transport and Storage industry could boost the UK economy. • Wage responses in a supply constrained labour market substantially condition outcomes. • Wage-cost driven price impacts affect all producers, consumers and government budgets. • Mitigating wage bargaining pressure requires policy action on workforce planning. • Findings reinforce the need for economy-wide and fiscal analysis of net zero actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport-related activities represented 34% of the total carbon emissions in the UK in 2022 and heavy-duty vehicles (HGVs) accounted for one-fifth of the road transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Currently, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are considered as suitable replacements for diesel fleets. However, these technologies continue to face techno-economic barriers, creating uncertainty for fleet operators wanting to transition away from diesel-powered internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This paper assesses the performance and cost competitiveness of BEV and FCEV powertrain solutions in the hard-to-abate HGV sector. The study evaluates the impact of battery degradation and a carbon tax on the cost of owning the vehicles. An integrated total cost of ownership (TCO) model, which includes these factors for the first time, is developed to study a large retailer's HGV fleet operating in the UK. The modelling framework compares the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) of alternative technologies against ICEVs. The TCO of BEVs and FCEVs are 11% to 33% and 37% to 78% higher than ICEVs; respectively. Despite these differences, by adopting a longer lifetime for the vehicle it can effectively narrow the cost gap. Alternatively, cost parity with ICEVs could be achieved if BEV battery cost reduces by 56% or if FCEV fuel cell cost reduces by 60%. Besides, the pivot point for hydrogen price is determined at £2.5 per kg. The findings suggest that BEV is closer to market as its TCO value is becoming competitive, whereas FCEV provides a more viable solution than BEV for long-haul applications due to shorter refuelling time and lower load capacity penalties. Furthermore, degradation of performance in lithium-ion batteries is found to have a minor impact on TCO if battery replacement is not required. However, critical component replacement and warranty can influence commercial viability. Given the high costs, we propose financial incentives and vehicle tax reforms to reduce costs of critical components that will encourage the roll-out of zero emission HGVs. • TCO model employs real-world fleet data to compare HGV powertrain technologies. • Maximising vehicle lifetime is key to reduce the TCO gap and get closer to parity. • BEVs have a TCO 11%–33% higher than ICEVs. • FCEVs have a TCO 37%–78% higher than ICEVs. • Degradation in lithium-ion batteries is found to have a minor impact on TCO value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected Areas (PAs) have been a cornerstone of conservation policy in the past but are generally static and thus might be less useful under climate change as species move away from reserves designated for them. In addition, shifting phenology and habitat alteration due to extreme events could make conditions unviable within PAs for species unable to move. However, several recent papers documented their utility in retaining contracting species, acting as stepping-stones for expanding species of conservation concern and resisting invasion by vagrants. Theoretical studies have suggested a role for both protected area design and management to enable biodiversity to adapt to climate change and implementation of these actions has begun. Here we synthesise case studies of climate change adaptation actions in protected areas from the globally available literature. We found 91 case studies of 114 different actions from 30 countries, mostly within Europe, specifically the UK. Half reported an outcome of actions, however, these were generally either the area restored or protected, or incidental reports of colonisation by desired species, without a description of monitoring before and after action. In addition, 72 % of actions would have been beneficial to biodiversity without the presence of climate change, so transformative action is lacking. Better monitoring and reporting of outcomes are urgently needed to develop the evidence base on which actions are most effective, to enable more reserve managers to take action. Managers also need encouragement to identify transformative actions, perhaps by the use of scenario planning to aid understanding of future uncertainties. • Most recorded climate change adaptation actions for biodiversity on Protected Areas are existing good practise • Reporting of outcomes was reasonably common but did not capture the effectiveness of actions for aiding adaptation • Conservation may be falling behind other sectors in implementing and assessing climate change adaptation actions • Protected Area managers urgently need resources to assess and report meaningful indicators of success [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Students appreciate UDL affordances of group work activities where different strengths and interests are valued. • Accessible digital technology and in-person learning time facilitate effective group work. • Design of learning activities needs to understand and align with learner motivation. • UDL-informed group work enables students to use a range of modalities to negotiate social and cultural diversity. • Support needs to be sensitive to diverse international students' transitioning to different learning traditions. International students face many challenges transitioning to post-graduate study in UK institutions. Students often need to adapt to a range of cultural practices and curricular norms, often without the differences between UK and their home countries being made explicit. Building on Vygotskian concepts of scaffolded learning and the importance that group interaction plays within learning, this research reports on an initiative to embed Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles through group work to develop research skills within a research methods module on an international Masters in Education programme. This small-scale case study across two campuses, with 11 survey respondents and nine focus group participants, analyses questionnaires and focus group interviews and yields important theoretical insights into the interaction of UDL components. The three UDL principles of multiple choices of learning materials, learning activities, and expression of learning outcomes each impacted on the other. The study also provides significant findings about hybrid learning at a crucial point in its development post COVID-19. Technology played an enabling role as students used a range of modalities to negotiate social and cultural diversity. However, the study indicates that on campus learning time is indispensable for students to fully access the power of digital technology. This paper contributes to advancing the understandings of international education and its interactional challenges and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study reviewed the prevalence of mental health disorders among Looked After Children in the UK. • Prevalence rates varied across studies. • The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was the most frequently used tool to assess mental health. • There is still uncertainty about the scale and nature of mental health difficulties in this group. Care-experienced children and young people are more likely to experience poorer mental health relative to the general population. Some of the most highly cited literature in this area is becoming increasingly outdated, however, and as the gap between mental health service availability and provision is steadily growing, it is imperative that we understand the scale and nature of the mental health needs of this group. A systematic review of all literature published from the UK was conducted in March 2022 using APA PsycINFO, ASSIA, Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Social Policy and Practice, Social Services Abstracts, and Web of Science. Papers were included if they 1) sampled young people (aged 0 to 18 years) with care experience and, 2) used either a standard or non-standardised measurement tool, or health records to assess mental health prevalence rates (reported as a percentage). Risk of bias assessed used the QuADS tool (Harrison et al., 2021) and data was extracted. Thirty-nine studies were included and summarised. The estimated prevalence of mental health disorders of young people in care ranged from 1 to 82 %. The most frequently used tool to assess mental health was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997) and, while over half of studies utilised prevalence information from a comparator group, this was most commonly young people in the general population. The results of the systematic review demonstrate that estimates of mental health disorders among care-experienced young people in the UK vary considerably. Further consideration should be given toward what measures are used to assess mental health in this population and how we can optimally assess and characterise their support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the UK government emphasizes the pivotal role of sustainable bioenergy in electricity, transportation, and heating. However, challenges persist in handling biomass particulate solids in production facilities, leading to economic impacts. This study investigates the flow characteristics of stemwood chips from four tree species using a novel drum chipper. Experimental analyses include bulk density measurements, silo discharge studies, biomass flow property assessments, and wall friction measurements. Comparative analyses are performed using Jenike's procedure for building wedge-shaped silos, with a focus on predicting the critical opening size to prevent arching. Additionally, the paper delves into the creation of statistical models aimed at identifying key factors influencing the flow behaviour during silo discharge. Emphasis is placed on understanding potential discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results concerning critical silo openings for arch-free discharge. The results contribute to understanding the factors influencing the flow behaviour of wood chips, informing silo design considerations. Our findings suggest limitations in applying traditional silo design methods, urging further research for more accurate predictions. [Display omitted] • A novel drum chipper was utilised to generate wood chips from several tree species. • Wood chips' flow characteristics were tested with a biomass-specific shear tester. • Critical arching conditions were experimentally measured with a wedge-shaped hopper. • Based on statistical model, chips property cause Jenike and experiment disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High resolution E. coli data from a mixed UK catchment with field and sewer inputs. • New model for acute impacts using travel times from spatially distributed sources. • Sewer overflow sensors and radar rainfall used to characterize source loadings. • Application for forecasting arrival time of elevated E. coli levels. • Disaggregation of model output shows E.coli source is a function of the rainfall. Surface water quality is frequently impacted by acute rainfall driven pollutant sources such as sewer overflows. Understanding the risk of exposure from faecal pollution from short term impacts is challenging due to a paucity of high-resolution data from river systems. This paper proposes practical modelling approach for forecasting arrival time and durations of elevated E. coli levels based on hydrological routing of catchment source loadings, characterized by distributed and remote sensing techniques (including sewer overflow monitoring). The model is calibrated and validated using new high resolution E. coli datasets from a UK catchment featuring both diffuse field runoff and storm overflow impacts. Hourly/Bihourly sampling of E. coli was undertaken in the river following different rainfall events across a range of seasonal conditions. The model provides a good estimate of arrival times and durations of elevated E. coli periods following rainfall events. Model simulations suggest that key sources in the catchment are event specific, with sewer overflow spills being more significant following short, intense rainfall events. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A city region established around a smaller city typically has a higher percentage of its region being rural relative to city regions based around larger cities. Appreciation of this observation leads to the realisation that much of the existing literature focuses on city regions based around larger cities with small rural hinterlands. This paper develops a conceptual model outlining linkages within and beyond city regions and identifies that not all city regions embrace their rural hinterlands. To operationalise this conceptual model we draw on UK city region data collated from policy documents and socioeconomic performance indicators to analyse the long-term vision of development policies, evaluate how policymakers integrate rural areas in policy, and assess whether the introduction of city regions represents a change in policy focus and/or a change in the effectiveness of policies affecting rural hinterlands. The advantage of the conceptual model is that it is generalisable across any spatial entity and across an evolving urban-rural development landscape. Our analysis of policy documents and socioeconomic data for three UK city regions with large rural hinterlands (Aberdeen, North of Tyne, and Swansea Bay) reveals the marginalisation and peripheralisation of rural areas due to the direction of city region policies and the socioeconomic flows of resources towards their urban cores. The city region approach to development tends not to be cognizant of the potential of rural areas and our findings suggest the need for development strategies that ensure rural areas are not marginalised because disconnected rural areas experience aggravated core-periphery divisions. • We develop a conceptual model outlining linkages within and beyond city regions. • Not all city regions embrace their rural areas, which are often overlooked. • Development strategies are needed to ensure rural areas are not marginalised. • Disconnected rural areas experience aggravated of core-periphery divisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A skilled workforce is essential for producing high quality construction work, efficiently and effectively. This paper is formulated to improve the understanding and knowledge surrounding the skill shortage currently being faced within the UK, and the significant impact it is having on quality management. It surrounds around each main area, and the impacts of recent years: Brexit, Covid-19 and ageing workforce. A mixed method approach was applied to collect data from the quantitative and qualitative sources. The quantitative survey data was collected through snowball sampling from the 130 construction professionals working the UK construction industry. Moreover, a case study has been conducted on a large-scale construction project located in the Northeast of England where the outcome of these issues can be seen in all aspects of the work. Training and development are the fundamental issues highlighted during the literature review and then subsequently expressed by participants of the surveys. In addition, the moderation analysis also provides the important role of training and development in reducing the negative impacts of COVID-19 and Brexit towards quality management. However, it was also revealed that the training and development are not useful for the aging workforce in combating the skilled shortage challenges towards quality management system in the construction industry. This research will allow the industry to understand the need for a skilled workforce and how it benefits the quality management elements of a construction project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how servant leadership influences an organisation's readiness for strategic value co-creation through service climate, innovation climate, locus of control and self-efficacy. A model that draws on servant leadership and social cognitive theories is tested by surveying 222 hospitality and tourism business managers operating in France and the UK, and the data is analysed with structural equation modelling and ordinary least squares. The study contributes to personality research showing that servant leadership practices influence a manager's internal locus of control and self-efficacy. We demonstrate that service climate and innovation climate mediate between servant leadership and readiness for strategic value co-creation, and moderate between a manager's beliefs and the firm's readiness for strategic value co-creation. The findings show that servant leadership has a stronger effect on innovation climate than on service climate, and that innovation climate has more influence on readiness for strategic value co-creation than on service climate. • Servant leadership improves an organisation's value co-creation. • The practice of servant leadership influences manager's beliefs. • Value co-creation fuel more via innovation than customer service. • Environment moderate the relations between manager's beliefs and behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing literature around reparative futures in education agrees on the importance of multiple and inclusive narratives for learning about the past. Indeed, it is recognised that multiplicity has to be part of a reparative account of history given the harms caused by single, exclusionary and hegemonic historical narratives. However, there is limited literature, pedagogical guidance or accounts of how multiple perspectives approaches apprehend competing narratives of the past specifically on questions of responsibility. Drawing on experiences in Cambodia and the UK – where violent and colonial pasts (and presents) are poorly apprehended in the formal school system – this paper reflects on the place and absence of histories of responsibility within history education. We do so in order to explore the potential role such histories can play in securing more just and inclusive presents and futures. We explore the relevance of multiple perspectives pedagogies for futures research and ask questions around how multiple perspectives can interact, including whether they are treated equally, decontextualised, relativised, or can be weighted ethically towards narratives that are seen to be more 'true' or more in service of reparative goals. We identify limitations in multiple perspectives approaches around questions of 'balance' and representation before reflecting on lessons from theorists engaged in postcolonial and decolonial thinking to parse the ethical and political opportunities afforded through concepts that redefine responsibility around implication, shared future responsibility, and mutual interdependence. • Reparative futures approaches in education agree that multiple and inclusive narratives are an important part of a reparative account of history. • We explore how multiple perspectives approaches have dealt with competing narratives about responsibility for past harms in Cambodia and the UK • We identify limitations in multiple perspectives approaches around questions of 'balance' and representation • We explore the potential value of concepts that redefine responsibility around collective implication and shared future responsibility [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]