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Lower-limb strength measures can enhance falls risk assessment but due to the lack of clinically applicable methods, such measures are not included in current screening. The enhanced paper grip test (EPGT) is a simple-to-use and cost-effective test that could fill this gap. However, its outcome measure (EPGT force) has not yet been directly linked to the risk of falling. Is the EPGT a good candidate for falls risk screening in older people in the community? Seventy-one older people living independently in the community were recruited for this prospective observational study (median age 69 y, range 65y-79y). Lower-limb and whole-body strength were assessed at baseline using the EPGT and a standardised hand-grip method respectively. Incident falls were recorded monthly for a year through follow-up telephone conversations. The capacity of individual strength measures to predict falls and to enhance an established falls risk assessment tool (FRAT) commonly used by UK's national health service (NHS) was assessed using binomial logistic regression. The analysis was repeated for the subset of participants without history of falling at baseline (prediction of first-ever falls). Increased EPGT force and increased symmetry in strength between limbs were significantly associated with reduced risk of falling. Compared to the NHS-FRAT, the EPGT correctly classified more people (73% vs 69%), it achieved higher sensitivity (56% vs 26%) and higher negative predictive value (76% vs 68%). Complementing the NHS-FRAT with the EPGT produced a more comprehensive model that correctly classified 91% of participants and achieved 98% specificity, 81% sensitivity, 89% negative and 96% positive predictive value. Replacing the EPGT with hand-grip strength consistently undermined prediction accuracy. The EPGT remained highly accurate when focused on the prediction of first-ever falls. The EPGT can substantially enhance falls screening in the community. These results can also inform effective personalised strength exercise interventions. • The enhanced paper grip test (EPGT) accurately predicted the risk of falling. • The EPGT can enhance community screening for falls (recurrent and first-ever). • Higher EPGT force is significantly associated with reduced risk of falling. • Higher strength asymmetry between limbs also decreases the risk of falling. • These results can guide effective personalised strength exercise interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General physicians misclassify depression in more than half of the cases. Researchers have explored the feasibility of leveraging passively collected data points, also called digital biomarkers, to provide more granular understanding of depression phenotypes as well as a more objective assessment of disease. This paper provides a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021) to understand which digital biomarkers might be relevant for passive screening of depression. Pubmed and PsycInfo were systematically searched for studies published from 2019 to early 2024, resulting in 161 records assessed for eligibility. Excluded were intervention studies, studies focusing on a different disease or those with a lack of passive data collection. 74 studies remained for a quality assessment, after which 27 studies were included. The review shows that depressed participants' real-life behavior such as reduced communication with others can be tracked by passive data. Machine learning models for the classification of depression have shown accuracies up to 0.98, surpassing the quality of many standardized assessment methods. Inconsistency of outcome reporting of current studies does not allow for drawing statistical conclusions regarding effectiveness of individual included features. The Covid-19 pandemic might have impacted the ongoing studies between 2020 and 2022. While digital biomarkers allow real-life tracking of participant's behavior and symptoms, further work is required to align the feature engineering of digital biomarkers. With shown high accuracies of assessments, connecting digital biomarkers with clinical practice can be a promising method of detecting symptoms of depression automatically. • This paper provides a PRISMA-guided systematic review of studies (2019-2024), showing model accuracy ranges of 0.52-0.98. • The review summarises constructs related to mood, location, smartphone use, communication, sleep quality and heart rate. • To be integrated into clinical practice, captured data needs to be reduced to the most relevant features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the very early emotional experiences in a child's life are recognized today as foundational in the mental health of becoming an adult. Unsurprisingly, clinicians and health authorities agree on the importance of early detection and treatment of any mental health issues experienced by the preschool child. This is even more important and challenging as young children do not yet have the language skills necessary to express their distress. But do the caregivers in charge of these populations have the best tools at their disposal to carry out that important mission in an efficient and scientifically robust manner reflecting the latest research findings and scientific literature? This is the question we try to answer in this paper. We revisited the theoretical underpinnings behind the concept of mentalization as playing a key role in the ability to understand the other's inner reality. We then carried out an extensive review of scientific papers written over the past 30 years on the subject. We examined mental representations of the adult on the child and analyzed those mentalizations as key inputs. We focused on extracting cross analyses of the mentalizations of one child by several adults with different functions in the life of the child. In this process, we used the PRISMA methodology applied to large international medical databases. We found that the qualitative approach, usually associated with a lengthy process, has been overwhelmingly used in trying to assess patients' mental states and to analyze the mentalizations on the patient, adult or child. Furthermore, cross analyses of mentalizations from more than one adult on a given child were almost nonexistent, despite having high epistemic and clinical potential. There is a dearth of reliable quantitative tools, able to capture and analyze the mentalizations on a patient, that are scientifically robust, transposable, and easy to implement in a clinical setting. The absence of such tools for medical professionals in charge of assessing preschool children contributes, in our view, the low detection and poor treatment of mental disorders in that particularly vulnerable population. We believe there is here an urgent unmet need and that such tools should be designed, validated, and deployed into the target populations as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Population-level monitoring of children's development informs research and policy. • Caregiver-reported household surveys, such as the ECDI2030, can play this role. • Results from two national samples support the use of the ECDI2030 for monitoring. • Findings also suggest more research is needed on social and emotional development. • Recommendations are made for ensuring the quality of data from caregiver surveys. Population-level monitoring of early childhood development (ECD) can inform research and guide national policy. One approach to population-level monitoring is through the design of surveys that (a) are feasible and cost-effective to implement at scale, (b) yield well-validated summaries of children's holistic development, and (c) can ideally support comparisons across national and cultural contexts. The Early Childhood Development Index 2030 (ECDI2030) is a caregiver-reported household survey designed to achieve these goals for children aged 24-59 months. This paper describes how the ECDI2030 was developed and provides initial results on its reliability, concurrent validity, and gender equity in nationally representative samples from Mexico (N = 1641) and Palestine (N = 1099). Overall, the results support the use of the ECDI2030 for population-level monitoring, but also suggest that the conceptualization of social-emotional development warrants further attention from researchers. Recommendations are made about statistical analyses that can be undertaken to ensure the quality of data collected from ECD assessments in international settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principles of circular economy (CE) are widely recognized as a solution for the challenges arising through climate change and shortage of resources. Product-Service Systems (PSS) are expected to have a higher degree of circularity compared to standalone products. To exploit the potentials of PSS towards circularity, different CE strategies need to be considered. Those CE strategies, such as remanufacturing or reuse, can have large deviations in their resulting effects for PSS providers. To quantify the possible impacts of different circularity strategies for PSS, a novel assessment method based on system dynamics modelling is presented in this paper. With the proposed method, the effects of different CE strategies on material demands, unavoidable waste and PSS longevity can be quantified. Thereby, CE strategies for PSS become comparable and their benefits can be measured. The method is directed to scholars as well as PSS providers to assess the circularity of PSS and support decision making in PSS design and realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method to quantify the shear transfer mechanisms in large-scale, shear-critical, reinforced concrete deep beams from detailed experimental data. The results provide a fundamental understanding of structural behavior upon which direct crack-based assessment methods and improved modelling of crack interfaces can be developed. The Two-Parameter Kinematic Theory describes the behavior of deep beams subjected to shear and outlines a framework whereby shear is transferred through four mechanisms: by stresses in the uncracked region near the loading zone, through aggregate interlock, through the transverse reinforcement and through dowel action of the longitudinal reinforcement. This paper proposes an approach to directly quantify these shear transfer mechanisms by using measured data from large-scale experiments in conjunction with constitutive models. That is, the load on the structure can be assessed solely from the displacement field data and boundary conditions. The experimental data from six large-scale deep beams monitored with full field-of-view Digital Image Correlation (DIC) equipment throughout loading are examined. The paper demonstrates that the assessed load agrees well with the measured load from the experiments at the peak and throughout loading. • Method to quantify shear transfer mechanisms in concrete deep beams from data. • Applies method to 6 large-scale experiments using high-resolution DIC data. • Able to quantify shear carried in each of the four shear carrying mechanisms. • The results present the aggregate interlock stress along the critical cracks. • The results present how the shear carrying mechanisms vary throughout loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate assessment of cracked reinforced concrete structures is becoming increasingly more important as the world's infrastructure ages and resources for retrofit and replacement remain limited. While existing approaches can be used to predict crack information for comparisons with on-site observations, there remains a need to establish methods that use crack measurements as a direct input to assess residual structural capacity. Critical wide cracks have been observed in lightly reinforced deep beams leading to questions about the safety of concrete bridges. To assess such deep members, this paper answers three important questions: 1) which critical crack displacements should be measured?; 2) where should the critical crack displacements be measured?; and 3) what is the residual shear capacity of the member, given the measured critical crack displacements? To answer these questions, detailed data from large-scale experiments is examined and interpreted with the two-parameter kinematic theory (2PKT). The results illustrate the importance of vertical crack displacements for conducting assessments of lightly reinforced deep beams. The paper shows that when the measured crack shape is incorporated into the 2PKT, the residual capacity of deep beams can be determined from measured critical crack displacements. • Which critical crack displacements should be measured? • Where should the critical crack displacements be measured along the cracks? • How to assess the residual shear capacity of the member, given the measured critical crack displacements? • A crack-based framework is used to assess the residual capacity of large-scale deep beams • The unique feature is the use of measured crack geometry as input in the assessment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global population ages, so does the number of older people being diagnosed, treated and surviving cancer. Challenges to providing appropriate healthcare management stem from the heterogeneity common in this population. Although malnutrition is highly prevalent in older people with cancer, ranging between 30 % and 80 % according to some analyses, is associated with frailty, and has been shown to be a major risk factor for poor treatment response and worse overall survival, addressing nutrition status is not always a priority among oncology healthcare providers. Evaluation of nutritional status is a two-step process: screening identifies risk factors for reduced nutritional intake and deficits that require more in-depth assessment. Screening activities can be as simple as taking weight and BMI measurements or using short nutritional questionnaires and asking the patient about unintentional weight loss to identify potential nutritional risk. Using geriatric assessment, deficits in the nutritional domain as well as in others reveal potentially reversible geriatric and medical problems to guide specific therapeutic interventions. The authors of this paper are experts in the fields of geriatric medicine, oncology, and nutrition science and believe that there is not only substantial evidence to support regularly performing screening and assessment of nutritional status in older patients with cancer, but that these measures lead to the planning and implementation of patient-centered approaches to nutrition management and thus enhanced geriatric-oncology care. This paper presents rationale for systematic nutrition screening and assessment in older adults with cancer. • Age-related factors can adversely affect adequate nutritional intake. • Malnutrition is prevalent in older people with cancer. • Nutritional screening and assessment enable enhanced geriatric oncology care. • Screening and assessment tools should aim to produce homogenous data for analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This article explores Fink's Taxonomy of significant learning and its potential application in nursing education, highlighting the need for a more holistic approach to student learning beyond cognitive skills. • The paper contributes to the existing knowledge by providing a practical example of how Fink's taxonomy can be effectively integrated into an undergraduate nursing course, enhancing the design of educational experiences and fostering deeper learning. • The information in this manuscript offers valuable insights for nursing educators, demonstrating how Fink's taxonomy can be mapped to the competencies outlined in the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials, facilitating the development of more engaging and impactful nursing curricula aligned with the demands of clinical practice. This article explores the integration of the six dimensions of Fink's taxonomy of significant learning into a nursing course and how course learning outcomes can be effectively mapped to these dimensions as well as the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials. By aligning instructional strategies and assessments with these dimensions, educators can create a more engaging and effective learning experience for students. The article provides a practical example of how Fink's taxonomy was incorporated, highlighting the benefits of using this framework to foster deeper learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the experience of one Scottish University in conducting a face-to-face Objective Structured Examination (OSCE) for large cohorts of student nurses. It outlines the challenges experienced and learning gained. Borton's model of reflection frames this work due to its simplicity, ease of application and cyclical nature. The theoretical framework for the OSCE is critical thinking, enabling students to apply those skills authentically. OSCE's are designed to transfer classroom knowledge to clinical practice and offer an authentic work-based assessment. Validity and robustness are key considerations in any assessment and in OSCE, the number of stations that students encounter is important and debated. We used a case-study based OSCE approach initially over four stations and following reflection, changed to one long station with four phases. In OSCE examinations, interrater reliability is a necessity, and students expect equity of approach. We identified that despite clear marking criteria, marks were polarised, with students achieving high or low marks with little middle ground. Review of examination papers highlighted that although students' overall performance was good, some had failed in at least one station, suggesting a four-station approach may skew results. On reflection we hypothesised that using a one station case study-based, phased approach enabled the examiner to build up a more holistic picture of student knowledge and skills. It also provided the student opportunity to develop a rapport with the examiner and standardised patient, thereby putting them more at ease. We argue that this approach is holistic, authentic and student centred. Our experience highlights that a single station, four phase OSCE is preferrable, enabling students to integrate all aspects of the assessment and provides a holistic view of clinical skills and knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been a subject of academic investigation for thirty years. There has been much debate on how to measure these forms of EI and the reliability of their assessment, but the actual context in which emotional intelligence is developed and used has interestingly received scarce interest. More specifically, a critical gap exists in considering the rise and impact of digital interactions on emotional intelligence. Indeed, with the rise of social media and the increase in digital interactions, emotions are inextricably related to our behavior online. It is thus fundamental to adapt the assessment of EI in digital contexts. This paper aims to address this gap by suggesting assessment methods that account for the specificities of the interactions in the digital world. We start by acknowledging the variety of digital interactions and provide a categorization of them using the theories of media richness and media synchronicity. We then illustrate the potential for renewed assessments in self reports and performance tests at different levels, from item contextualization to digital assessment of EI. By integrating the digital dimension in emotional intelligence assessment, this paper aims to bring a novel perspective on measuring EI in digital interactions. • EI assessment should consider the digital context and its variety. • Several methods are suggested to account for the digital context. • Methods such as item contextualization, integration of digital cues, and digital assessment are presented. • Illustrations of potential renewed assessments are provided. • Challenges of EI assessment in a digital context are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In response to the reviewer's valid concerns, we have introduced a clear and comprehensive note in the paper, elucidating our deliberate departure from the conventional theoretical approach traditionally embraced by the industry, which predominantly centres around the lightning current sharing rule (50:50). • This advanced modelling approach stands out for its capability to meticulously scrutinise a multitude of parameters and explore diverse what-if scenarios. By doing so, we not only elevate the precision and depth of our analysis but also broaden the scope of our investigation to encompass a more comprehensive range of potential factors and conditions. • The focus of our paper is primarily on emphasising the approach to mitigate the risk of voltage stress across insulation flanges, particularly examining the influence of connecting lead lengths. It's crucial to interpret the absolute values in the results with care, as they are indicative of an extreme scenario involving high impulse current (200 kA) and steepness (20 kA/μs). While these values represent an extreme case, the main takeaway from our calculations remains valid. There is a quantifiable reduction in the range of 34 % when implementing the proposed mitigation measures, signifying a substantial contribution to risk mitigation. • We have incorporated a dedicated section into the paper, labelled as 4.1 sensitivity analysis. Insulating flanges serve as crucial components, strategically positioned between two segments of a pipeline to ensure effective electrical isolation. These elements play a vital role in facilitating the optimal performance of the cathodic protection system of buried pipeline networks. Moreover, an isolating spark gap is commonly integrated between adjacent pipeline sections to mitigate the stress voltage induced on the insulating flange during lightning strike events.. Despite this protective measure, certain scenarios may arise where the voltage drop across the isolating spark gap's connecting cables surpasses the insulating flange's dielectric strength, leading to undesirable failures. The magnitude of this voltage drop is contingent upon various factors, including the parameters of the incoming surge as well as the length of the connecting cables. In this paper, we present both straightforward theoretical calculations and intricate modelling techniques that can be employed to assess the lightning risk associated with the insulating flanges of pipelines that incorporate isolating spark gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Written examinations are the primary method of competency assessment for CRNAs. • OSCEs assess higher tiers of Miller's Pyramid of competency. • OSCEs can supplement written examinations for high-stakes assessments of learners. Certified registered nurse anesthesiologists (CRNAs) undergoing high stakes assessment must demonstrate competency. Written competency is the current method of high-stakes assessment, and this paper uses Miller's Pyramid of competency to explore use of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for high-stakes assessment. The modified Delphi method was used with 10 experts to design and execute an anaphylaxis OSCE simulation scenario of 3 proficiency levels. OSCE performance assessment tools included a checklist and global rating scale (O-GRS). A system usability survey was used to assess OSCE utility. The overall system usability survey score was below our goal of 75. Assessment tool results did not demonstrate high correlation among panelists, although mean scores for each performance showed statistically significant differences in scores (p <.001). Our paper showed the process of OSCE design, execution, and utility. Although results did not allow us to strongly recommend use of OSCEs for high-stakes assessment of CRNAs, we are encouraged that our results will provide direction for future papers related to this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the development of urban public mass transport in cities, transport infrastructures are a milestone for the economies of the cities and those of their respective regions. The construction of underground systems has seen impressive growth in many transport networks in the past few years, becoming the hinge of mobility in many of the principal cities of the world. Due to the latter and because of the possibility of disruptive events (natural disasters, random failures, and intentional attacks), many scholars and governments have worried about how robust the networks are. For this reason, in this paper we reviewed the robustness of networks by using graph theory tools to analyze and measure them through a new centrality index, called Sum of Weighted Distances Index (SWDI). The index measures the percentage of changes in traveled distances in the event that the node and all edges containing it are disrupted. To evaluate the robustness of a network, we compare the outcomes of SWDI at a standard working configuration and at a degraded one, modeled as a reduction of performance at a certain edge, edge by edge. SWDI is able to show at what edges and nodes of the network the degradation will have the highest impact. Summing up the normalized SWDI outcomes for all the nodes and edges, the final evaluation of the robustness of the network is obtained. Applications to the two case studies of Boston and Barcelona are developed, compared, and discussed, limited to their topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel pipelines are increasingly essential for many applications, including the transport of oil, natural gas, and soon hydrogen gas. Steel pipelines are subject to harsh operating conditions. Corrosion is considered to be the most common type of failure in steel pipelines. This report focuses on corrosion and assessment in gas and oil pipelines. The most common method of repairing corroded pipelines by composite repair is included in the review. Based on conservative codes and deterministic and reliable FEM approaches, different tool designs and models of corroded pipelines without and with repair are summarized and compared. The evaluation of defects in determining the failure pressure of pipelines and the study of the contribution of composite wrap repair to corroded pipelines are discussed. • Review paper. • Failure pressure prediction of corroded pipelines. • Repairing corroded pipelines. • Composite wrap contribution based on synthetic and natural fibers. • Conservative codes, deterministic and reliability FEM design of corroded pipelines approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality clinical care and research on suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) depends on availability and implementation of reliable and valid measures of STBs. In contrast to studies examining STB risk factors, screening instruments, or treatment, little research has rigorously examined the content, characteristics, and psychometric properties of STB measures themselves. This systematic review (1) identified STB measures that conform to empirically supported definitions of STBs, and (2) identified peer-reviewed papers reporting on the psychometric properties of these measures in adults. Data on psychometric properties and other measure characteristics were extracted. A total of 21 eligible measures were identified in the first stage. In the second stage, 70 articles (with 79 independent samples) were included with psychometric data in adult samples for 19 measures. Although there was support for strong internal consistency and content validity across many measures, face validity and clinical utility concerns were prevalent. Few measures comprehensively assessed suicidal behaviors, and interview-based assessments tended to show the strongest psychometric properties and clinical utility. Findings are discussed in the context of recommendations for improving existing measures, including future research to increase utility and translatability across clinical settings, delivery methods, and diverse populations. • Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are prevalent and clinically concerning. • Quality clinical care and research depends on reliable and valid STB measures. • Systematic reviews of measurement properties of existing STB measures are needed. • Interview-based assessments tended to show strongest psychometric properties. • This review reveals a critical need for psychometrically sound self-report measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper aims to present the initial findings and item analysis of the IE-ACCME-B test, a multi-method assessment tool specifically developed for evaluating emotional and meta-emotional intelligence in children aged 8 to 11 years. The IE-ACCME-B test was designed within the framework of the meta-emotional intelligence construct and has a dual purpose: 1) measuring emotional intelligence, defined as the ability to perceive, facilitate, understand, and manage emotions, and 2) assessing meta-emotional intelligence, which involves the belief system regarding emotions and awareness of one's own emotional abilities in perceiving, facilitating, understanding, and managing emotions. The analysis of results and items was conducted using CUB models and by examining children's consensus scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the transition from linear to circular economy is being carried out by many different actors, there is still not a well-established methodology for its assessment. In this paper, a review of available approaches for evaluating circular economy (technical and biological cycles) has been conducted. In total, 2.113 information sources have been revised and 105 of them were included in the review. They have been categorised per level (macro, meso , micro and nano), cycle (technical, biological or both) and methodology used, together with the sector according to NACE codes. Using this information, a positioning framework for classifying the different appraisal options has been developed and depicted in a 3D cube where each category is represented in one of the axes (level, cycle, and methodology). Moreover, a decision support tool has been created to help triple helix stakeholders selecting the most suitable approach according to the information they are looking for, i.e. the initial question they pose regarding how to assess circular economy. Since the main gap concerning available approaches has been identified for the biological cycle at micro and nano levels, a critical analysis of existing choices has been conducted. Finally, open areas for future work towards promoting circular bioeconomy assessment are identified. [Display omitted] • Circular economy assessment (both technical and biological cycle) has been reviewed. • 105 approaches categorised and positioned in a 3D cube (x-Level, y-Cycle, z-Method). • Decision support tool (online, free) created to help triple helix stakeholders. • Critical analysis done for main gap (biological cycle at micro and nano levels). • Open areas for further research on circular bioeconomy assessment identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show that the public provision of information on Australian schools' average national test score outcomes via the My School website, launched in 2010, resulted in poorly performing schools testing fewer students in subsequent years. This increased non-participation in testing was driven primarily by formal parental withdrawal, and poorly performing students were much more likely to be withdrawn from testing. This phenomenon is consistent with schools attempting to 'game' the system to improve published test scores. We also provide weaker evidence that withdrawal responded more strongly to initial poor performance in independent private schools than in government schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a complex autonomic disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in heart rate upon orthostatic change. While primarily described in its effect on the autonomic and cardiovascular system, it can cause significant functional impairment, leading to a diminished quality of life (QoL). This review paper aims to delve into the multifaceted dimensions of QoL in individuals with POTS by providing a conceptual model to discuss factors influencing QoL. Current QoL assessments used in the POTS population and their findings are described for each domain in this conceptual model. Limitations to this body of research include the literature having no consensus in the most appropriate measure of QoL to use for individuals with POTS, the absence of a POTS-specific measure of QoL, and current measures not assessing concerns germane to this population. The authors emphasize the necessity of a POTS-specific measure to be developed to improve our assessment and understanding of how living with POTS impacts QoL. • Individuals with POTS frequently experience impairments in quality of life (QoL) • Research has only assessed QoL in POTS through generic measures, not developed for POTS • Current measures of QoL neglect some aspects of life impaired in individuals with POTS • A POTS-specific measure of QoL is imperative to assess and address the specific difficulties faced in this population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Artificial Intelligence to predict two-phase frictional pressure gradient. • Collection of a pressure drop database for a wide range of operating conditions. • Effect of the output and input type and numerosity on prediction accuracy. • Good accuracy with non-dimensional output and mixed input values. • Conventional methods always preserve physical trend with respect to neural networks. This paper presents a discussion on several possibilities to predict the frictional pressure gradient during two-phase flow, with both the application of artificial intelligence and the implementation of conventional correlations and predictive methods. To this purpose, a huge database of approximately 8000 data points has been collected from 49 sources available in scientific literature, including 23 working fluids and the following ranges of parameters: mass fluxes from 32.7 to 2000 kg/m2s, saturation temperatures from -190°C to +120°C (reduced pressures from 0.021 to 0.780), tube diameters from 0.5 to 14.0 mm. This consolidated database has been used to train several artificial neural networks (ANNs), by using only two hidden layers (shallow neural networks) and evaluating the effect of: training and testing datasets choice (either test data included or outside the training domain), the number of neurons for each hidden layer (from 1 to 50), the type of output (either dimensional or non-dimensional), the type and number (from 1 to 22) of input parameters. The best results (MAPE of 16.8% and 88% of data within ±30%) have been obtained by using the liquid-only two-phase multiplier Φ L O 2 as non-dimensional output and 12 mixed input parameters. Compared to the statistics of well-established literature correlations for frictional pressure drop (best MAPE of 22% and 73% of data points predicted within a ±30% error range, provided by Mauro et al. mechanistic method), the ANN demonstrates therefore a higher general accuracy. However, the use of Artificial Neural Networks does not guarantee a physical trend, which is instead preserved with conventional prediction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the available knowledge on the application of biopsychosocial model (BPS) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: A scoping review, including 32 papers that used a BPS to manage adult patients with CLBP, published in any language. Six different databases were searched. According to the description of the protocols, most of them use BPS for assessment of the patients. In this first stage the most often evaluated were pain and disability, kinesiophobia and quality of life, and work-related factors. The intervention most used associate psychological and physical domains using pain education or cognitive functional therapy and active exercise. Even though was not the most common, in the social domain occupational, behavioral and family interventions were observed. BPS is more often used as combination of physical and psychological aspects, being the social domain restricted to work-related factors. Patien'ts perception of their health status is little explored, and it is suggested that the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health be used. Practice Implication: Patient perception as well as social factors in addition to occupational ones should be included in the clinical approach of the patient with CLBP and should be further explored in research. • Patient's perspective on health status should be considered during treatment course. • Interventions using the model usually uses physical and psychological aspects. • The use of the International Classification of Functioning was not observed in the studies, despite the World Health Organization recommendation. • Social aspects are frequently not considered in assessments and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents drift-based fragility functions for nonductile reinforced concrete (RC) columns having light transverse reinforcement steel ratio which predominantly fail in shear. These fragilities were developed for four key damage states (i.e., light cracking, severe cracking, shear failure, and loss of axial load carrying capacity) associated with their structural performance observed in laboratory tests and repairability. For this purpose, experimental results of 71 column specimens tested under cyclic lateral loading were collected from 22 research programs; particularly, drift ratios associated to the column specimens tested to reach axial collapse. It is shown that the shear span-to-depth ratio and level of axial load ratio have influence on the drift-based fragilities associated to the damage states considered in this investigation. Additionally, several sources of epistemic uncertainty due to specimen-to-specimen, finite-sample, column shear span-to-depth aspect ratio, and level of axial compression load were quantified from the experimental database. The introduced drift-based fragilities are a very useful tool to assess the expected damage of existing buildings, such as school buildings that might exhibit the short captive column effect. • New fragility functions for key damage states of RC columns failing in shear. • Fragilities for shear-critical RC columns are different than those for non-ductile RC columns. • Inclusion of epistemic uncertainties influence fragilities of shear-critical RC columns. • Uncertainties due to finite-sample, axial load ratio and span-to-length ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's purpose is to provide a resource for clinicians and researchers of select voice-related patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) available in the English language. A systematic search for voice-related PROMs was conducted between September 2020 and July 17, 2021. Databases included APA PsychInfo, Nursing and Allied Health Source, MEDLINE via the EBSCO interface, and Science Direct. Reference lists for PROMs-related articles were mined for reference to PROMs protocols. Thirty voice-related PROMs were identified and categorized as either developed primarily for use in the clinic (n = 12), developed primarily for use in a specific research study (n = 6), or translated into English for publication (n = 12). Twelve PROMs were summarized: Aging Voice Index, Disease Specific Self-Efficacy in Spasmodic Dysphonia, Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily, Evaluating Voice Disability - Quality of Life Questionnaire, Glottal Function Index, Linear Analog Scale of Assessment of Voice Quality, Quality of Life in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, Speech Disability Questionnaire, Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire, Vocal Cord Dysfunction Questionnaire, Vocal Fatigue Index, and the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale. The PROMs can be categorized into English-language voice-related PROMs developed primarily for clinical use, English-language PROMs developed primarily for research use, and English-language PROMs translated into English. The extent of reliability and validity testing completed varies in the PROMs developed primarily for clinical use. A PROM's psychometric properties as well as the language in which the PROM was tested, should guide clinicians and researchers as they consider which instrument(s) to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Improving jointly health and welfare of farm animals raises new research questions. • An integrated measure of animal health through their lifespan has to be developed. • Synergies and tensions between health, welfare and production need to be investigated. • Improving animal health and welfare challenges in industrial and territorial dimensions. • Livestock farmer and citizen expectations towards animal condition need consideration. The need to integrate more clearly societal expectations on livestock farming has led the authors of this article to consider that livestock farming systems must be redesigned to position health and welfare at the heart of their objectives. This article proposes a vision of the advances in knowledge required at different scales to contribute to this transformation. After defining health and welfare of animals, the article emphasises the need to consider health in a broader perspective, to deepen the question of positive emotional experiences regarding welfare, and raises the question of how to assess these two elements on farms. The positive interactions between health and welfare are presented. Some possible tensions between them are also discussed, in particular when improving welfare by providing a more stimulating and richer environment such as access to outdoor increases the risk of infectious diseases. Jointly improving health and welfare of animals poses a number of questions at various scales, from the animal level to the production chain. At the animal level, the authors highlight the need to explore: the long-term links between better welfare and physiological balance, the role of microbiota, the psycho-neuro-endocrine mechanisms linking positive mental state and health, and the trade-off between the physiological functions of production, reproduction and immunity. At the farm level, in addition to studying the relationships at the group level between welfare, health and production, the paper supports the idea of co-constructing innovative systems with livestock farmers, as well as analysing the cost, acceptability and impact of improved systems on their working conditions and well-being. At the production chain or territory levels, various questions are raised. These include studying the best strategies to improve animal health and welfare while preserving economic viability, the labelling of products and the consumers' willingness to pay, the consequences of heterogeneity in animal traits on the processing of animal products, and the spatial distribution of livestock farming and the organisation of the production and value chain. At the level of the citizen and consumer, one of the challenges is to better inter-relate sanitary and health perspectives on the one hand, and welfare concerns on the other hand. There is also a need to improve citizens' knowledge on livestock farming, and to develop more intense and constructive exchanges between livestock farmers, the livestock industry and citizens. These difficult issues plead for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research involving various scientific disciplines and the different stakeholders, including public policy makers through participatory research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloride attack is the main cause of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures subject to marine environment. This paper deals with the assessment of a reinforced concrete jetty structure in Indonesia after 25 years of service life and simultaneously investigate the effect of applying newest Indonesian earthquake code on jetty structural element safety. The work comprises detailed inspection of the structure, on-site and laboratory tests of the structure, and analyses of existing and future structural strength based on the tests data. Current and future strength prediction is performed by assuming average and worst-case scenarios for corrosion. Based on the average-case scenario, the concrete jetty structural elements have no strength reduction up to 2028. By contrast, using the worst-case scenario, the concrete jetty structural elements start experiencing strength reduction in 2003. Applying the 2019 Indonesian earthquake code to analyze the jetty, shows significant reduction of safety factor of steel pipe pile element of the jetty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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