26,112 results
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2. Writing and publishing a research paper
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MacKenzie, I. Scott, primary
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- 2024
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3. Development of paper-based microfluidic technology for food quality analysis
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Alahmad, Waleed, primary, Varanusupakul, Puttaraksa, additional, Halabi, Ahmad, additional, and Varanusupakul, Pakorn, additional
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- 2024
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4. Paper
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Grossmann, Harald, primary, Handke, Toni, additional, and Brenner, Tobias, additional
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- 2024
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5. Plasmonic filter paper for preconcentration, separation and SERS detection harmful chemicals in chili product by fluid flow.
- Author
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Tao X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Fan X, Yu Q, Xu L, Wang H, Guo J, and Kong X
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- Silver, Cellulose, Filtration, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Paper, Metal Nanoparticles
- Abstract
We proposed a triple functional SERS substrate by immobilized Ag nanoparticles on the surface of filter paper. The high dense Ag nanoparticles were distributed on the SERS substrate via in-situ growth process. By optimizing the parameter in preparation process, the optimal filter paper SERS substrate was fabricated by using 30 mM of AgNO
3 with 20 S growth time. Due to capillary-effect wicking of cellulose fiber, the paper SERS substrate provide simple, fast and pump-free function for transferring analyte onto sharp tip through development of fluid. The fluid flow also brings target concentrate effect within the tip area. Furthermore, the separation feasibility was obtained during the development process of fluid. The preconcentrated effects not only enhanced the SERS signal of analyte, but also improve the fluorescence visible effect. The filter paper SERS substrate was successfully used for separating, concentrating and detecting Sudan dye from chili product, the detection limit could achieve 10-6 M. This study developed a portable, cost-effective and eco-friendly SERS substrate for separating and detecting trace chemical in food., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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6. Evaluating the efficiency of the 2020 ban of BPA and BPS in thermal papers in Switzerland.
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Demierre AL, Reinhard H, Zeltner S, and Frey S
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- Switzerland, Benzhydryl Compounds toxicity, Benzhydryl Compounds analysis, Paper, Phenols toxicity, Phenols analysis
- Abstract
Thermal printing technology requires a color developer to activate the dye under the action of heat. Bisphenol A (BPA) has traditionally been used for this purpose, although it has increasingly been replaced by bisphenol S (BPS) in recent years. Due to concerns regarding their toxicity, the Swiss authorities have banned both BPA and BPS from thermal papers since 2020. The impact of this regulatory decision was evaluated during 3 monitoring campaigns: in 2013-2014, 2019 and 2021. They were used to describe the starting point, the transition phase, and the status after entry into force of the ban, respectively. Whereas the use of BPA as color developer dropped from 82.2% in 2013/14 to 10.8% in 2021, the fraction of BPS-based thermal paper rose from 3.1% to 19.1% during the same period, despite being banned. However, Pergafast® 201 (PF201) is now the main color developer in thermal paper in Switzerland, with an occurrence of 60.3%. Other alternatives such as D-8, TGSA, PPSMU, NKK-1304, BPS-MAE, D-90 and Blue4est® have only been marginally detected. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the regulatory measure and the feasibility to substitute BPA in thermal papers with less-toxic alternatives., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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7. Paper and cardboard waste in the United States: Geographic, market, and energy assessment
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Anelia Milbrandt, Jarett Zuboy, Kamyria Coney, and Alex Badgett
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Paper waste ,Cardboard waste ,Municipal solid waste ,MSW ,Waste value ,Landfilled waste ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Standardization. Simplification. Waste ,HD62 - Abstract
Reliable data on U.S. paper and cardboard waste by location and type are critical for developing waste-reduction solutions, but detailed geographic analysis is lacking in the literature. In this study, we employ statistical and geospatial methods to assess paper and cardboard waste in the United States by type at the national, state, county, and local levels. Of the estimated 110 million tons of paper and cardboard waste managed domestically in 2019, approximately 56% was landfilled, 6% was combusted, and 38% was recycled. The estimated market value of paper and cardboard lost to landfilling in 2019 was $4 billion, and the estimated losses of embodied energy and combustion energy were equivalent to 9% and 4% of U.S. primary industrial energy consumption, respectively. Associated landfilling fees amounted to almost $4 billion. This study aims to inform efforts to implement beneficial waste-management strategies by policy makers, researchers, businesses, and communities across the United States and to provide a model for similar studies in other parts of the world.
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- 2024
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8. Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine in human serum by high-throughput paper spray mass spectrometry
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A. Saatchi, T.M. Zarkovic, S.A. Borden, J. Palaty, and C.G. Gill
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Clozapine and norclozapine ,Therapeutic drug monitoring ,Paper spray mass spectrometry ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,High-throughput ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Introduction: Monitoring the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine is crucial to ensure patient safety. This article showcases a high-throughput analytical method for measuring clozapine and its primary metabolite norclozapine (N-desmethylclozapine) in serum using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Objectives: This study aimed to assess the viability of a PS-MS method for the rapid measurement of clozapine and norclozapine in human serum samples as an alternative to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Methods: Serum samples were processed by protein precipitation followed by deposition of the supernatant containing labelled internal standards onto paper spray substrates mounted in cartridges. Analytes were then analyzed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a commercial paper spray ionization source. The results obtained from the patient samples were compared to those from a validated LC-MS assay. Results: PS-MS calibrations for clozapine and norclozapine were linear (R2 > 0.99) over five days. Between-run precision was below 8 %, and within-run precision did not exceed 10 %. When compared to a validated LC-MS method, the mean bias for 39 patient samples was −9% for clozapine and −1% for norclozapine, with no outliers. Mass spectrometry ion ratio comparisons indicated no interference for patient samples above the lower limit of quantification. There was less than 7 % change in the measured concentrations of both analytes over five days for samples dried on paper substrates. Notably, virtually no maintenance of the MS source was required during this study. Conclusion: This study illustrates the potential of PS-MS for serum drug monitoring in the clinical laboratory.
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- 2024
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9. Enhancing wood functionality: A novel approach with Al2O3 impregnated paper on densified wood surface
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Menghong Jiang, Ziling Liu, Aokai Cheng, Shanghuan Feng, Changhua Fang, and Dengyun Tu
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Poplar wood (Populus tomentosa carr.) ,Surface densification ,Surface properties ,Al2O3 impregnated paper ,Flooring ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
To improve the surface properties of low-density wood, poplar wood was functionalized by laminating Al2O3 impregnated paper onto poplar wood (Populus tomentosa Carr.) via unilateral surface compression. Bonding strength between Al2O3 impregnated paper and wood reached up to 3.08 MPa, meeting commercial grade I requirements for impregnated paper laminated wood flooring. A cross-linked structure between Al2O3 impregnated paper and wood was formed without visible cracks or other defects. Density of the functionalized wood surface increased remarkably and the surface hardness was significantly improved, surpassing that of hardwoods for wood flooring. The functionalized wood surface also exhibited high wear resistance, which reached to the specification for commercial grade I impregnated paper laminated wood flooring. Additionally, the water resistance of the functionalized wood surface was significantly improved through lamination with Al2O3 impregnated paper. The functionalized wood demonstrated high applicability for wood flooring.
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- 2024
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10. Modeling the impact of high thermal conductivity paper on the performance and life of power transformers
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S. Bilyaz, A. Bhati, M. Hamalian, K. Maynor, T. Soori, A. Gattozzi, C. Penney, D. Weeks, Y. Xu, L. Hu, J.Y. Zhu, J.K. Nelson, R. Hebner, and V. Bahadur
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Power transformers ,Insulation paper ,High thermal conductivity ,Thermal modeling ,Transformer life model ,Paper degradation ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Degradation of insulation paper is a key contributor to the failure of power transformers. Insulation degradation accelerates at elevated temperatures, which highlights the potential for better thermal management to prolong life. While several studies have analyzed the benefits of high thermal conductivity oil for reducing temperatures inside a transformer, this study is an initial assessment of the benefits of high thermal conductivity paper on transformer life. Blending particulates with cellulosic fibers offers a pathway for high thermal conductivity paper (with good dielectric properties), which can reduce internal temperatures. Presently, life extensions that can be achieved by the use of such thermally conducting papers were estimated, with the thermal conductivity of the paper being the key parameter under study. The analytical-numerical thermal model used in this study was validated against experimental measurements in a distribution transformer, adding confidence to the utility of the model. This model was then used to provide estimates of hot-spot temperature reduction resulting from the use of papers with higher thermal conductivity than baseline. Transformer life was predicted conventionally by tracking the degree of polymerization of paper over time, based on an Arrhenius model. Results indicate that increasing the thermal conductivity of paper from 0.2 W/mK (baseline) to 1 W/mK reduces the hot spot temperature by 10 °C. While degradation significantly depends on the moisture and oxygen content, the model shows that such a temperature reduction can increase life for all conditions, by as much as a factor of three.
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- 2024
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11. Smartphone-enabled green anthocyanin sensor for Fe(III) sensing on paper using capillary-driven microfluidics
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Prakash Aryal, Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih, and Charles S. Henry
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Microfluidics ,Anthocyanins ,Colorimetric sensor ,Fe(iii) ,Paper-based detection ,Analytical chemistry ,QD71-142 - Abstract
Chemical wastes, such as synthetic dyes and coloring agents, pose significant concerns due to their detrimental impact on human health and ecosystems. As an eco-friendly alternative, the study of natural dyes and coloring agents has gained momentum over the last decade, owing to their biodegradability and reduced environmental and health risks. Here, we report a novel approach employing a butterfly pea anthocyanin paper-based sensor to quantify Fe(III) ions in water. Compared to previous green sensing techniques reliant on heavy instrumentations, this approach offers enhanced accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness. Notably, this study is the first example of natural dye sensing on a capillary microfluidics system. The capillary-driven microfluidic system ensures user-friendly operation and allows the sensing platform to be directly immersed in water without reagent loss. The device's design involves drying the butterfly pea-derived anthocyanin reagent within a pH-controlled paper substrate embedded in the capillary-driven microfluidic system. Smartphone-based colorimetric signal generation and quantification was achieved within seconds for a working range of 50–800 mg/L, with the device's detection limit of 43 mg/L using ImageJ and 55 mg/L using the smartphone app. This green sensing methodology has the potential to be used for groundwater sources with elevated Fe(III) levels. Additionally, this platform can be used in chemistry educational settings as an effective means to understand fundamental concepts such as acid-base reactions, base strength, ionic equilibrium, and metal complexation in a user-friendly microfluidic system.
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- 2024
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12. Structure, properties, and fabric applicability of sustainable paper yarn with high washing stability
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Hafeezullah Memon, Diefei Hu, Lingya Wu, Yan Wang, Juming Yao, Jiri Militky, Dana Kremenakova, and Guocheng Zhu
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Paper Yarn ,Yarn evenness ,Wicking ,Mechanical properties ,Washing stability ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This research provides an in-depth assessment of two paper yarn variants, examining their structural, functional, and performance characteristics. These yarns demonstrated favorable properties, including suitable linear density, twist, typical cellulosic functional groups as confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy, minimal hairiness, moisture transfer, and creditable mechanical strength. These yarns have flat layered cross-sections and grooved longitudinal surfaces. In addition, a low hairiness index (1.3–1.33) further acknowledged their smooth surface. Their remarkable evenness (15.86% and 7.08%) supported their effective wicking properties. Despite average breaking strength (0.77 cN/dTex and 1.05 cN/dTex) and moderate elongation, these yarns exhibited exceptional water-washing resistance and retained over 89% breaking strength after 15 washes. This study ranks these paper yarns as highly suitable for durable clothing fabrics, providing promising sustainable alternatives in the textile industry.
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- 2024
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13. Carbon fiber paper based on composites of carbon and polyacrylonitrile for fuel cell application
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Aref Arabsahebi, Parisa Akbarian, and Mehdi Kheirmand
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Polyacrylonitrile ,Carbon composite ,Carbon fiber paper ,Gas diffusion layer ,Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Carbon fiber paper is one of the most important substrates used in the gas diffusion layer of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. A novel approach to creating carbon fiber paper using polyacrylonitrile compounds was proposed in this study. The technique incorporated varying amounts of carbon materials, including carbon black (Vulcan), graphite powder, and carbon nanotubes. Polyacrylonitrile carbon materials were prepared through the spinning process, followed by oxidative stabilization under an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature range of 160–300 °C as the first step. The pliable material undergoes a conversion process to create a compound or ladder that is non-plastic, which is then stabilized in an N2 atmosphere. The fibers are then pre-carbonized at temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 °C and further carbonized between 600 and 1100 °C. After that, Teflon is added and the resulting fibers are made into sheets during the production process. Finally, physical measurements and electrochemical methods such as: checking the amount of water absorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), chronopotentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electron resistance of carbon sheet, double layer capacitance, and surface roughness parameter were evaluated. The results indicate that the best performance is related to CP7 carbon paper (with a 30–70 % combination of polyacrylonitrile and carbon black).
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- 2024
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14. Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk
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Yan-Fei Chen, Ting Liu, Li-Xin Hu, Chang-Er Chen, Bin Yang, and Guang-Guo Ying
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ,Paper products ,Non-target analysis ,Migration ,Risk assessment ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The contamination characteristics, migration patterns and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in 66 Chinese paper products by using target and non-target screening methods. Among 57 target PFASs, 5 and 6 PFASs were found in the hygiene paper products (
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- 2024
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15. Fabrication of highly conductive graphene paper for supercapacitors with a one-step hydrothermal method
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Rajesh Ghosh, Mohd Salman Siddiqui, and Hemen Kalita
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graphene paper ,hydrothermal ,additive free ,highly conducting ,supercapacitor ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
We present a facile one-step hydrothermal method for the fabrication of free-standing graphene paper using aqueous graphene oxide (GO) dispersion as the starting material. Notably, the method does not require the use of any additives for the reduction and preparation of the graphene paper. The resulting graphene paper exhibits a high degree of reduction, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, revealing a carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio of ∼7. The fabricated graphene paper also demonstrates excellent conductivity, with a measured value of ∼1900 S/m, and sheet resistance of around 100 Ω/sq. Furthermore, the energy storage capability of the graphene paper based electrode is evaluated, which shows a promising specific capacity of 249 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in 1M H2SO4 as the ionic medium. Additionally, the electrode has also demonstrated remarkable energy density and power density values of 28.68 Wh/Kg and 455 W/Kg, respectively. Overall, the resulting graphene paper exhibits high conductivity and excellent electrochemical performance, making it a promising candidate for various energy storage applications.
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- 2024
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16. A paper-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for NH3 detection in gaseous phase: Real-time monitoring of chilled chicken freshness
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Huang Xiaowei, Zhao Wanying, Sun Wei, Li Zhihua, Zhang Ning, Shi Jiyong, Zhang Yang, Zhang Xinai, Shen Tingting, and Zou Xiaobo
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Ratio fluorescence ,Visual analysis ,Chilled Chicken Freshness ,Paper-based sensors ,Ammonia ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescence sensor platform with easy-to-use and accurate is nanoengineered for NH3 quantitative detection and visual real-time monitoring of chicken freshness using smartphones. The ratiometric fluorescent probe formed by combining the zinc ion complex and carbon dots has a double-emitted fluorescence peak. The fluorescence intensity of the complex changed can be clearly observed with the increase of the concentration of ammonia solution under 365 nm wavelength excitation. In order to detect NH3 concentration in gaseous phase, a portable paper-based sensor was designed. The sensor had a good linear relationship with NH3 concentration ranging from 10.0 to 90.0 μmol/L and the LOD value was 288 nM. This fluorescent paper-based sensor was used to check the freshness of chicken breast refrigerated at 4 °C, revealed observable shifts from blue to green. The fluorescent paper-based sensor can detect NH3 concentration in real time and simplify the monitoring process of meat freshness while ensuring accuracy and stability.
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- 2024
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17. Bamboo in the pulp, paper and allied industries
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Unnati Chaudhary, Shuank Malik, Vikas Rana, and Gyanesh Joshi
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Bamboo applications ,Bamboo pulp and paper ,Bamboo composites ,Bamboo textiles ,Bamboo in natural forest ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Bamboo, a member of the grass family, is a fast growing and high yielding renewable resource. The popularity of bamboo has risen in recent times owing to its multifaceted and myriad of practical applications. There are unlimited uses of bamboo, therefore proper utilization of this beneficial resource will be useful to the industrial sector. This review provides a comprehensive summary regarding the potential of bamboo as a vital non-wood fibrous raw material for pulp, paper and other allied industries owing to its ability to conserve forests and foster sustainable economic development. Bamboo's abundance, renewability, mechanical strength, and other functional features make it an appealing and potential building biomaterial in the pursuit of sustainable raw materials needed for industrial development. This review provides an in-depth summary and unique perspective on the application of bamboo at a commercial scale in various sectors, thereby encouraging the utilization of this potential material towards environmental sustainability and economic growth.
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- 2024
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18. Post-fabrication adjustment of metalloid Mg–C-graphene nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation for paper electronics and process optimisation
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Anesu Nyabadza, Éanna McCarthy, Mercedes Vázquez, and Dermot Brabazon
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Metalloid nanoparticles ,Carbon nanoparticles ,Magnesium nanoparticles ,Paper electronics ,Inkjet printing ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Metalloid nanoparticles (MNPs) possess unique physicochemical properties but are challenging to create through biological or chemical routes. Using Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL), Mg–C MNPs are fabricated from powders. The produced nanocolloids were ablated after the target was removed to tailor the particle size. MNPs with a mean size 300 nm could be reduced to 60 nm. Alternatively, MNPs with a mean size of 60 nm could be increased to 90 nm. The increase/decrease in size is controlled by the laser processing parameters and showcases the ability of PLAL for real-world applications that require meticulous control of size. The as-fabricated nanocolloids were successfully inkjet printed on paper, achieving a low resistivity of 75 Ω/square after 60 prints, highlighting their potential in printed electronics. To address a historical research gap, this article explored the impact of PLAL processing parameters, including fluence (1–2 J/cm2), pulse width (0.2–0.9 ns), repetition rate (10–20 kHz), and pH, factors often overlooked which is partly limiting applications. The influence of powder vs rod target on the PLAL process was addressed revealing that powders produce better size control and are easier to handle but they produce lower colloid concentrations.
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- 2024
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19. Development of fluorescent GO-AgNPs-Eu3+ nanoparticles based paper visual sensor for foodborne spores detection
- Author
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Jiaqi Tian, Qiancheng Tu, Miaoyun Li, Lijun Zhao, Yaodi Zhu, Jong-Hoon Lee, Zhengyan Gai, Gaiming Zhao, and Yangyang Ma
- Subjects
Food-borne spores ,2,6-Dipicolinic acid ,Paper sensor ,GO-AgNPs-Eu3+ ,Fluorimetric sensing ,Visualization ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Foodborne spores are ubiquitous with extremely strong resistance, and pose a serious threat to food safety and human health. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of spores are crucial. In this study, a fluorescent probe was developed based on lanthanide ion (Eu3+)-labeled nano-silver-modified graphene oxide (GO-AgNPs-Eu3+) for the detection of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA), a biomarker unique to spores, to allow quantitative spores detection. The GO-AgNPs-Eu3+ nano-fluorescent probe was loaded onto a polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membrane, and a smartphone-assisted portable GO-AgNPs-Eu3+ nanoparticles-based paper visual sensor was designed for rapid on-site quantitative and real-time online detection of spores. The results indicated that the developed probe achieved equilibrium binding with DPA within 5 min, and enhanced fluorescence emission through antenna effect. The fluorescence detection presented a good linear relationship in the DPA concentration range of 0–45 μM, with a DPA detection limit of 4.62 nM and spore detection limit of 104 cfu/mL. The developed sensor showed a change in fluorescence from blue to red with increasing DPA concentration, and this color change was quantitatively detected through smartphone RGB variations, with a detection limit of 13.1 μM for DPA and 6.3 cfu/mL for Bacillus subtilis spores. Subsequently, the sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor were verified using actual milk and water samples spiked with B. subtilis spores. The results of this study provided objective technological support for rapid detection of spores, which is important for reducing the occurrence of foodborne diseases and improving food safety.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Portable optical biosensor for point-of-care monitoring of salivary glucose using a paper-based microfluidic strip
- Author
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Shweta Panwar, Paulami Sarkar, D. Syed Kasim, Raksha Anand, Akanksha Priya, Shyam Prakash, and Sandeep Kumar Jha
- Subjects
Non-invasive glucometer ,Handheld optical biosensor ,Salivary glucose biosensor ,Paper fluidic biosensor ,Reflectance spectroscopy ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The manuscript describes a technique for fabrication and validation of a standalone handheld optical biosensor designed for non-invasive monitoring of glucose through saliva. In this cost-effective process, a 3D-printed glucose test strip was filled with sieving paste comprising of cellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol, onto which, glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) enzymes and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) chromogenic dye were co-immobilized. The enzymatic reaction produced H2O2 as by-product with which the ABTS reacted, leading to colour change on the detection zone of the strip which was detected by the developed glucometer. The in-house developed meter included an optically isolated section in its structure for inserting the strip to prevent interference from the ambient light conditions. The biosensor exhibited a broad detection range of 28–204 mg/dL of glucose concentration, with a sensitivity of 26.89 count/mg/dL and a limit of detection (LOD) at 28 mg/dL, within a response time of 120 s. The device along with strips was validated with clinical samples, comparing salivary glucose levels (SGL) to blood glucose levels (BGL) using a commercial glucometer i.e., Accu-Chek Active. Student's t-test on clinical data yielded p-values of 0.018, 0.01, 0.008, and 0.003 in fasting and post-prandial samples of non-diabetic and diabetic patients respectively, which represents a significant correlation. The device also passed Clarke's error grid analysis and is hence considered medically acceptable. The low-cost and simple-to-use saliva-based glucometer should be ideally suited for mass screening of diabetes as well as day-to-day health check-ups in a non-invasive and painless manner.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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