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By applying ultrasonic treatment to ZL205A aluminum alloy melt containing different Cd contents and then using a tensile test, a scanning electron microscope experiment, and a metallographic experiment, the influence of ultrasonic treatment to ZL205A aluminum alloy melt on the properties of aluminum–copper alloy with different Cd contents in the liquid phase high-temperature region was studied. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the solidification structure of ZL205A aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the form of Cd and the solid solution rate of the aluminum alloy with different Cd contents in ultrasonic-assisted casting. However, the effect of ultrasonic waves on the high-temperature liquid phase of the melt of ZL205A aluminum alloy can effectively reduce the porosity defects in the solidification structure of the casting, refine the solidification structure, and make the structure more uniform. The ultrasonic cavitation effect can promote the formation and uniform distribution of Al–3Ti and improve the nucleation rate, and the effect can continue after heat treatment. This can solve the problem that increasing Cd content in ZL205A greatly reduces the toughness of castings while increasing the strength. The sample with a Cd content of 0.20% and with ultrasonic treatment has the highest strength, the average tensile strength is 475.5 MPa, and the yield strength is 381.75 MPa. However, compared with the conventional casting samples with the same Cd content, the decrease in elongation was significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]