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• A novel extension of smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) to solve three-dimensional turbulent flows. • RANS equations with realizable k-ε turbulence model in conjunction with SUPG and SPGP stabilization method. • The better performance of S-FEM in dealing with turbulent flows near boundary regions and strong convection regions compared to the Q1-Q1 and P1-P1 mixed with Q1-Q1 FEM. • Analysis of the performance of the mixed mesh based S-FEM on turbulent flows. Smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) has been widely employed in computational mechanics, particularly in computational solid mechanics (CSM) and, to a lesser extent, in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The present work focuses on the development of S-FEM for solving three-dimensional incompressible turbulent flow problems using the realizable k-ε model. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin approach combined with Stabilized Pressure Gradient Projection (SUPG/SPGP) was used to restrain/control the spatial oscillation and instability in conjunction with mixed meshes employed to discretize complex geometries. The presented turbulent cell-based S-FEM (CS-FEM) was validated under several common flow types, including mesh turbulence, turbulent channel flow, turbulent flow past a circular cylinder, flow separation around an obstacle, flow in the dimpled channel, and flow in the upper human airway. In particular, the presented work exhibited the latent capability of the CS-FEM in solving turbulent flows near boundary regions and strong convection regions. Meanwhile, the results of the CS-FEM were compared to those of the lowest equal-order finite element method (i.e. P1–P1 or Q1–Q1 elements) in simulating turbulent flows, and it was found that the CS-FEM had better agreement with other published works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODIPY-based amphiphilic dye with enhanced donor–acceptor-donor structure (BDP-AP) was synthesized, which could self-assemble into stable nanoparticles (BDP-AP NPs) for synergistic NIR-triggered PDT/PTT therapy. [Display omitted] • BODIPY-based amphiphilic dye with enhanced D-A-D structure was synthesized. • BDP-AP could self-assemble into stable nanoparticles BDP-AP NPs. • BDP-AP NPs synchronously generated 1O 2 and performed photothermal conversion. • BDP-AP NPs was used for the synergistic NIR-triggered PDT/PTT therapy. Near‐infrared (NIR) responsive nanoparticles are an important platform for multimodal phototherapy. Importantly, the simultaneous NIR-triggered photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapy is a powerful approach to increase the antitumor efficiency of phototherapic nanoparticles due to the synergistic effect. Herein, a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based amphiphilic dye with enhanced electron donor–acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure (BDP-AP) was designed and synthesized, which could self-assemble into stable nanoparticles (BDP-AP NPs) for the synergistic NIR-triggered PDT/PTT therapy. BDP-AP NPs synchronously generated singlet oxygen (1O 2) and achieved preeminent photothermal conversion efficiency (61.42%). The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that BDP-AP NPs possessed negligible dark cytotoxicity and infusive anticancer performance. BDP-AP NPs provide valuable guidance for the construction of PDT/PTT-synergistic NIR nanoagents to improve the efficiency of photoinduced cancer therapy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]