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This document presents a description of the modifications made to the TRAN72 computer program to meet the general requirements of Lockheed's two-phase flow analysis computer programs (specifically the reacting multi-phase computer program), and provides instructions for operating the modified TRAN72 program. The modified TRAN72 program is available for external distribution.

The governing equations of solid propellant ignition in one space dimension are derived from conservation and transport considerations. The resulting mathematical model contains as subcases the existing gas phase, solid phase, and surface ignition theories. More important, it allows the effect of the site of chemical reaction on the ignition transient to be examined with consistent and compatible boundary conditions. Surface regression and the first order effect of nonunity Lewis number are retained to allow examination of the effect of these phenomena which are often neglected. Several second order terms are dropped from the more general equations in the interest of mathematical tractability; these include variable specific heat and transport coefficients. Finally, the physical equations are transformed for computer coding., See also Part 2, AD785232.

Three classes of cubic skeleton structures are explored for fast Na+- ion transport for use as solid electrolytes in Na-S batteries. The cubic KSbO3 structure consists of an (SbO3)- skeleton having <111> tunnels intersecting at origin and body-center positions. NaSbO3 and NaSbO3.(1/6) NaF disks of ca. 95 percent theoretical density give a Na+-ion resistivity at 300C of rho 300 approximately equal 13 ohm-cm and an activation energy E sub a approximately equal 0.35 eV. Preliminary investigations of alumino-silicates having the carnegieite structure show promise, but a rho 300 approximately equal 610 ohm-cm is the best that has been achieved to date. The authors investigated the use of inexpensive, n-type hot-pressed TiO2 powders as the working photocatalytic electrode for achieving photoelectrolysis of water. TiO2 was selected because it is the lowest gap n-type semiconductor that, under illumination at an interface with water, evolves O2 and does not decompose. A study of the physics and electrochemistry of a photoelectrolysis cell consisting of TiO2 as the anode and platinized-platinum as the cathode led to an optimization of the parameters of the system.

A new technique for the accurate (1-0.01%) determination of transport and thermodynamic properties of gases is described. This technique consists of measuring the linewidth of a small acoustic resonator. The linewidth of more than one type of resonance allows the transport properties (thermal conductivity and viscosity) to be determined independently. The center frequency gives the sound speed. The theory of the acoustic resonator is presented including the effects of relaxation in the gas, slip and accommodation on the cavity walls, and acoustic transmission into the walls. The contributions of transducer coupling and feed through are also included in the cavity theory. Realization of cavities and transducers suitable (but not optimized) for measurements at temperatures up to 1000K and pressures up to 500 atm are discussed. Measurements employing the resonator technique are presented in Ar, N2, air and H2. High pressure measurements (p 460 atm) span temperatures between 300 and 600K. Measurements at 1 atm at temperatures up to 1000K are also presented.

The SAM-CE system is a FORTRAN Monte Carlo computer code designed to solve the time-dependent neutron and gamma ray transport equations in complex three-dimensional geogetries. SAM-CE is applicable for forward neutron calculations and for forward as well as adjoint primary gamma ray calculations. In addition, SAM-CE is applicable for the gamma ray stage of the coupled neutron-secondary gamma ray problem, which also may be solved in either the forward or the adjoint mode.

Experimental aging of Arctic diesel, gasoline, motor oil, benzene, and petroleum ether in marine simulated environment failed to produce any tar-like material. Bunker C produced tars quickly. Southern Louisiana crude oil failed to form tars even when asphalt was added to the solution before aging. Presumably some combination of surface energy and mutual solubilities prevents tar formation in this case. The effect warrants further investigation. Aging experiments seem to show that asphaltenes form from other components during aging. Analyses of marine tars demonstrate the value of separating tar components and analyzing the fractions separately. Presence of particulate iron in some marine tars strongly supports the hypothesis that man's activities are involved in their formation. Attached fouling organisms appear to be an important agent in removing floating tar from the sea surface.

The amount of plasma energy contained in the free-stream column and stagnation interfaces in direct contact with cooled tungsten electrodes of a direct-current, atmospheric argon arc has been corrected taking into account the thermoelectric effect of a partially ionized plasma. The thermoelectric correction factors to be assessed for the conventional thermal conductivities of fully ionized plasma have been tabulated as a function of the equilibrium temperature of argon at atmospheric pressure. The density diffusion contribution of the thermal conductivity has been calculated. The corrected full-field reduced thermal conductivity has been used for the calculation of the radial temperature profiles corresponding to the axial electron temperatures which were measured by a Thomson scattering experiment. The axial electric field intensity and current density could be determined correctly from the calculated radial temperature profiles and photographic observation of the arc. At the arc-electrode interface the state of plasma is treated by a two-temperature gas model. Comprehensive formula useful for the calculations of both the anode and cathode fall energy transfer modes are presented.

Calculations are made using a new theory for the covariance of the irradiance scintillations of an optical wave in a turbulent medium. These are compared with recent experimental data and found to be in good agreement.

When a laser beam of sufficiently high intensity interacts with a weakly ionized gas, the nonuniform deposition of laser energy into the electron gas causes heating of the electrons, ions, and neutral gas. Eventually, the neutral gas will 'break-down' and become more highly ionized. This ionization can seriously limit the amount of laser energy that can damage a target. A multifluid model has been devised to describe the many physical processes that occur when the high power laser wave interacts with the partially ionized gas. A flexible computer program has been developed to numerically integrate the multifluid plasma transport equations coupled with Maxwell's equations. The computer program is sufficiently general so as to be capable of describing target vaporization, with diffusion and ionization of target material into an ambient gas. In this report, only the modification of an ambient gas by the laser radiation is studied.

Energy spectra have been determined for a pulsed source of electrons with energies below 60 keV. Measurements of fluence transmission through 0.75-micrometer thick aluminum foils were made with a 12-element calorimeter. Each element was covered with a different number of foils to obtain a complete transmission profile from a single pulse. Spectra unfolded from the transmission profiles were compared with those obtained from diode voltage and current data recorded during the pulse. Agreement of the spectra determined by these two independent methods substantiates the diagnostic methods currently used for low-energy pulsed electron beams.

The authors have studied the dielectric breakdown of thermally grown SiO2 films on Si substrates by the technique in which a thin metallization is used to provide self-quenching of the breakdown. Each of the four possible combinations of p or n substrate and (+) or (-) field-plate polarity shows its own distinctive properties and its own distinctive configuration of breakdown damage as viewed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Some properties correlate with the nature of the substrate surface channel (inversion versus accumulation); other properties correlate with the field-plate polarity. The time evolution of the breakdown indicates that the current through the fault is limited by the spreading resistance of the substrate. A study of the currents and insulator charging at the onset of breakdown indicates that initiation of breakdown is by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling of electrons into the oxide. The occurrence of a current instability which can be enhanced by lowering the temperature indicates the possible importance of hole-electron pair production in the oxide with subsequent trapping of holes., See also report dated Apr 1974, AD782471.

A model is presented for the production and transport of energetic electrons in a laser produced plasma. The basic assumption is that the laser deposits its energy in the form of a large amplitude plasma wave. The energy is given to particles as the electrostatic wave propagates outward and damps. Theory and simulations show that the maximum energetic particle velocity is between about five and seven thermal velocities, and that the heat flux is limited to about 0.25 n m (V sub e, sup 3).

The COSPAR International Reference Atmospheres (CIRA) 1972 provides both a Mean International Reference Atmosphere of the thermosphere and a parametric set of models for the region. The models are based on knowledge of the thermosphere as of mid 1971. The differences in the diurnal variations of atmospheric density scale height obtained from satellite drag studies and temperatures obtained from incoherent radar scatter observations are probably due to different diurnal variations of density and temperature and not due to systematic discrepancies in the measurements. The answer to this question should be provided by data obtained from recently launched satellites ESRO IV, AEROS, and AE-C. The second major area of interest involves the absolute number densities and variations with time of day, latitude, and season of the major and minor constituents of the thermosphere. Recent data obtained with mass spectrometers and optical instruments are reviewed in addition to the results of theoretical composition calculations, which include turbulence and other transport effects., Presented at STP Symposium, Sao Paulo, Brazil, June, 1974.

The report is directed towards an understanding of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions and astrophysical plasma phenomena. First, some of the basic plasma physics of the cosmic rays seen at Earth is considered in order to ascertain the behavior of such particles under the diverse conditions which obtain in the interplanetary medium. Second, there is a sequence of papers dealing with kinematic dynamo theory and turbulence theory. Kinematic dynamo theory is used to outline the physical conditions under which magnetic fields are generated and maintained in astrophysical bodies. This, in turn, led to an investigation of some of the underlying rationale of turbulence theory. Finally, there is a sequence of papers dealing with radiation passing through, and being reflected from, moving media.

Using neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture, the transport and metabolism of the acetylcholine (ACh) precursor, choline was examined. Acetylcholinesterase was inhibited so that any ACh formed would not be hydrolyzed enzymatically. Although the transport constant (KT) and capacity (Vmax) are similar to those previously reported, the disposition of choline which is taken up is not that expected for neural cells. Very little (3H)-acetylcholine or free (3H) choline is found in the cells after brief exposure to choline labeled with 3H. Instead, most of the label is found in phosphoryl-(3H) choline which serves as a precursor for (3H) phosphatidyl choline. On the basis of these data and the effects of inhibitors of transport, it is concluded that clones of neuroblastoma cells do not possess the type of choline transport system unique to cholinergic neural tissues, although they are still useful for the study of acetylcholinesterase synthesis. (Modified author abstract)

Transport mechanisms in amorphous films of transition metal oxides and polycrystalline films of CoO, CoO(Li), Nb2O5, and TiO2 are of the Poole-Frenkel or Poole Effect type. In NiO and NiO(Li) films the transport mechanism is explained by the small-polaron conduction. Dielectric dispersion is due to the non-adiabatic hopping of charge carriers at low frequencies and adiabatic hopping at high frequencies. A novel type of switching is observed with switching, delay and recovery times of less than 3 nsec in Nb-Nb2O5-Nb with sputtered Nb counterelectrodes.

Transference numbers of the cations relative to the chloride ion in molten mixtures of alkali chloride - cerium chloride were determined from emf measurements on concentration cells with transference of the type: (-)H2, HCl(g)-C/MCl/Al203/MCl,CeCl3/C-HCl,H2(g)(+), where M is Li, Na, or K. The cells were operated with a mixture of hydrogen and hydrogen chloride gases instead of chlorine gas to minimize the possibility, if any, of the oxidation of cerous chloride to ceric chloride. The emf measurements were carried out at 850C and results are presented over the entire composition range of the systems studied. It was also shown that, in these mixtures, the alkali ions possess a relatively larger mobility than the cerous ion.

A major goal has been to understand the electronic properties of rutile and to permit investigation of its feasibility as a semiconductor device material. In addition, from a more fundamental standpoint, rutile is an excellent model system for the study of wide gap semiconductors in general. The following studies are reported: Impurity thermodynamics, Defect thermodynamics, Effects of internal fields on diffusion and distribution of ions, ESR measurements and miscellaneous projects, Results of crystal growth program-- Problems encountered in developing chemical vapor technique, Summary of major achievements of the crystal growth program, Plans for future research on growth of TiO2 crystal by chemical vapor transport.

A research program on the influence of high intensity, intermediate duration, low frequency wholebody vibration on the cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory systems has been initiated. During the period June 1, 1973 to May 31, 1974, the major emphasis was on the study of the transport of albumin between blood and the arterial wall. Using 131I-albumin, a series of in vivo experiments have been carried out at a frequency of 10 Hz and a half-amplitude of 0.635 cm as well as at control conditions. These data indicate an enhancement of albumin uptake in the dog aorta in the presence of vibration and are consistent with the concept of a shear dependent transport process. Measurements of aortic pressure and velocity waveforms and, regional blood flow distribution, have also been carried out. Initial results are presented although these experiments are still in progress. (Author)

Data for the viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of argon, nitrogen, and oxygen have been critically evaluated. A functional form to represent the data has been proposed. The function is basically the same for both coefficients. The critical point enhancement in the thermal conductivity coefficient is included. Transport properties of krypton and xenon are calculated by means of the principle of corresponding states. Tables of values are presented in the range from about the triple point temperature to 500 K for pressures up to 100 MPa. Care has been taken to ensure that the calculated values are consistent with reliable equation-of-state data and also with dilute gas transport coefficients previously determined. The uncertainties of the tabulated coefficients are discussed in the text. The correlation further serves to clarify the state of the art concerning transport data and experiment and to emphasize gaps in data coverage. (Author), Reprint no. 59 from Jnl. of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, v3 n4 p979-1017 1974.

In this research, high temperature oxidation reactions were studied, with detailed experimental investigation of two problems: (1) the compatibility of components in multi-phase, high temperature systems as exemplified by displacement reactions in the solid state, and (2) the high temperature oxidation of Ni-Cr-W and Co-Cr-W alloys. From a knowledge of the pertinent thermodynamic exemplified by displacement and (2) the high temperature oxidation of Ni-Cr-W reactions in the solid state, and Co-Cr-W alloys. From a knowledge of the pertinent thermodynamic and transport parameters of the reaction couples (Nickel/Cuprous Oxide, Cobalt/Cuprous Oxide, Iron/Cuprous Oxide, and Iron/Nickel Oxide), the selection of the product morphologies and the resulting kinetics of reaction were predicted and compared with experiment. A detailed theory was presented and tested to interpret the aggregate-lamellar product microstructure of the Iron/Cuprous Oxide couple. The effect of tungsten additions on the oxidation behavior of Nickel-20 Chromium alloys and of Cobalt-30 Chromium alloys was studied by thermogravimetric, electron microprobe, and metallographic methods. For each set of alloys a partitioning of W to the metallic phase was found, and the resulting phase changes were interpreted in terms of the ternary phase diagrams for the alloys.

The design and progress towards development of a field-assisted double heterojunction photocathode with high quantum efficiency at 1.06 micrometers is reported. This project covers three main areas: (1) The growth by liquid phase epitaxy and characterization of GaAsSb and GaAlAsSb alloys of suitable composition for fabricating a heterojunction photocathode. (2) Experimental and theoretical studies on the electron and hole transport and optical properties of heterojunctions between various III-V alloys grown by liquid phase epitaxy. (3) The design, fabrication and testing of a double heterojunction p-n-p photocathode structure with a p-n junction collector. Experimental studies on the electrical transport and optical properties of the heterojunctions required for the photocathode show that the anticipated problems with potential barriers in the conduction band do not exist. These results have significant implications for many other heterojunction devices. Internal photoemission in the complete photocathode test structure has been observed establishing the feasibility of the double heterojunction approach.

The authors review some of the new concepts of multicomponent electrolyte solutions and show how they can be applied to seawater. It is hoped that the application of these methods to the medium of seawater will provide a new approach to understanding the physical chemistry of seawater. Although the ion pairing models have proven to be very useful in discussing the interactions in seawater, it is not necessary to use this model to examine the physical chemistry of seawater. By using some of the new models for multicomponent electrolyte interaction, it is possible to estimate and treat the ionic interactions in seawater without invoking the concept of ion-pairing (even though ion pairing may occur). The authors attempt to answer such fundamental questions as: Can the physical chemical properties of seawater be treated as a simple electrolyte (e.g., sea salt). What are the properties of this sea salt. How do the properties of sea salt depend on the major components of seawater., Offprint from the Sea, v5, Marine Chemistry.

A final report of effort on a comprehensive research program on atomic and molecular collision processes, in which the microscopic aspects of various collision events are studied both from the theoretical and experimental points of view, is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the manner in which these processes determine the macroscopic properties of gases; e.g., the transport properties of gases at high temperature, and the manner in which energetic radiation interacts with matter. A report on the progress on each of the six research tasks comprising a unified program based on experimental methods using atomic, ionic, and molecular beam methods and on the use of many-body perturbation theory and atomic interaction potentials for the calculation of atomic and molecular properties, scattering cross sections and transport properties of high temperature gases, is presented. (Modified author abstract)

A description of the theoretical one-dimensional laminar model of the mid-latitude ionosphere developed at NRL is presented. The physics, Chemistry, and approximations that go into the model are described in detail. Radiation deposition and the applicable chemical reactions are discussed, and the multi-fluid equations governing velocities, temperatures, and densities in the ionosphere are reduced to a tractable one-dimensional set of equations with vertical variations. Numerical techniques used in solving the resulting coupled equations are outlined. Finally, preliminary results and future work on model are discussed. (Author)

This grant was for a combined experimental-theoretical study of basic electron interaction in insulators, semi-conductors and metals. The experimental work covered two general areas, one of a study of the thermal treatment on the optical and electrical response of the perovskite oxides. SrTiO3, in particular, was found to be a most interesting and complicated system, where the initial characterization of the material is of utmost importance. Much of the basic work on SrTiO3 may not be valid because of inadequate knowledge of the thermal history. The other experimental area concerns the low temperature exchange reaction and the effect on the specific heat of magnetic glass systems and rare earth chalcogenides. The theoretical studies were on critical fluctuations near phase transitions and on electron-phonon interactions in metals and magnetic interactions in solids. (Modified author abstract)

The influence of solute transport mechanisms on growth rates, thickness uniformity, and surface morphology of liquid phase epitaxially grown layers was studied theoretically and experimentally. Steady state diffusion theory was developed to relate temperature gradients, growth temperatures and substrate location to observed growth rates. A vertical steady-state epitaxy system was constructed which uses cylindrical symmetry to achieve good thermal uniformity. A numerical technique was used to calculate temperature distributions in cylindrical graphite boats. The heat conduction equation is solved both with fixed temperature and radiation heat transfer boundary conditions. Good agreement with measured temperature data has been obtained. (Modified author abstract)

The boundary layer of a lubricant induced when friction is present in selective transport (ST) conditions is investigated. Based on the determining roles of electrochemical processes as affecting the ST mechanism, the galvano-emf, rectified voltage, and resistance of the boundary layer are analyzed as functions of the rated load., Trans. of Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Fizika (USSR) n5(132) p41-45 1973.

A calculating procedure is presented, based on a least squares polynomial approximation, for duplicating existing tabular values of selected thermodynamic and transport properties of various important gases. Most of the data refer to ideal gases; however, for functions of both temperature and pressure, the pressure has been specified such that the polynomial approximations have only temperature as the independent variable. Suggested algorithms for polynomial evaluations up to the sixth degree are presented and optimized for hand-held or desk top calculators. Using the suggested polynomial fits and a suitable calculator, it is possible to duplicate existing table values for the various functions of the selected gases without interpolation or reference to the tables per se. The error of the included fits its generally less than 0.5%. (Modified author abstract)

A technique has been developed for determination of the sign of charge carrier transported across an insulating film on a semiconductor substrate, using the charge carrier separation properties of a shallow p-n junction diffused into the semiconductor. For thermally grown SiO2, unmetallized and contacted by a corona discharge in dry air, electrons are found to carry the current for both polarities of surface potential. Also demonstrated is electron- hole pair production in the Si by electrons entering from the oxide.

The role of charge carriers (electrons, holes, ions) in the thermal and photo decomposition of potassium azide is studied experimentally. The experiments are conducted in an ultra-high vacuum system where very small decomposition rates can be measured and where contamination of the sample surface is negligible. The thermal decomposition of KN3 is found to be temperature activated with activation energies which compare well to the activation energies for ionic conductivity. The thermal decomposition of KN3 involves a surface reaction consecutive to the arrival of ions, by diffusion, at the sample surface. One mechanism leading to the photo decomposition of KN3 is found to result from the arrival of holes at the surface of the material, decomposition being enhanced when more holes drift to the surface. A model for photolysis is presented in which an electron is first excited and then transferred to a potassium colloid. (Modified author abstract)

The work is oriented toward five areas: (1) measurement of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency as a solar cell, (2) analysis of the spectral response of the quantum yield, (3) analysis of the transient response with a pulsed light source, (4) model analysis of the configuration of the organic semiconductor solar cell and (5) the aging phenomenon of tetracene solar cells. The work in areas (1) to (4) is completed together with physical interpretations. Area (5), which requires measurements over an extended period of time, but is of fundamental importance from the point of view of practical application, has not been able to be completed before the termination of the present contract, and a stage of physical interpretation has not been reached. (Author)

The evolution of the power spectrum of surface gravity waves is described by means of a transport equation. The effects of a slowly varying, prescribed ocean current and nonlinear wave-wave interactions are included. A definition due to Wigner of a localized power spectrum is used to derive the transport equation from the dynamical equations describing surface wave motion.

The conductivity and thermo-emf, Hall and Nernst-Ettingshausen cross section effect coefficients were measured on p-PbTe monocrystals., Trans. of Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov (USSR) v2 n6 p773-780 1968.

A variety of wave phenomena are analyzed and discussed for systems in which chemical reactions and transport take place. The authors consider both wave induction by heterogeneities and autonomous waves and seek perturbation solutions which provide the dispersion relation and the wave vector dependence of the amplitude for one-parameter families of waves characterized by the wave vector. For the case of an arbitrary reaction mechanism possessing a homogeneous steady state they derive, by use of bifurcation theory and frequency renormalization, small amplitude autonomous plane waves and standing and rotating waves. Various types of behavior are illustrated with a model. Wave extensions from a homogeneous limit cycle are investigated. For heterogeneous systems the relation of phase diffusion waves to kinematic waves is shown. The problem of bifurcation with symmetry breaking in a homogeneous limit cycle is analyzed with a small amplitude perturbation method. (Modified author abstract), Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge.

A computer model for simulating oil spreading and transport has been developed. The model can be used as a useful tool in providing advance information and this may guide decisions for an effective response in control and clean-up once an accidental spill occurs. The spreading motion is simulated according to the physical properties of oil and its characteristics at the air-oil-water interfaces. The transport movement is handled by superimposing the spreading with a drift motion caused by winds and tidal currents. By condisering an oil slick as a summation of many elementary patches and applying the principle of superposition, the model is capable of predicting the oil size, shape, and movement as function of time after a spill originates. Field experiments using either cardboard markers or soybeam oil to simulate a spill were conducted at the Long Beach Harbor. (Modified author abstract), Sponsored in part by Coast Guard Research and Development Center, Groton, Conn.

The method of Manning and Padgett (MP) for studying the transport of heavy ion beams in amorphous solids is modified to allow for inelastic (electronics) slowing of the ion beam as well as elastic scattering. The beam ion distribution function consists of three terms with the following characteristics: a C-term, which represents the beam as it first enters the target, wherein it looses energy to inelastic processes but retains its unidirectional character; a B-term, which represents beam ions which have undergone one elastic collision; and an A-term representing beam ions which have undergone two or more elastic collisions. In the present work the exact solutions of the C- and B-portions of the Boltzmann equation are given. An iterative method for solving for the A-term is presented. The results of numerical calculations are reported for a variety of beam ions and beam energies. (Modified author abstract)

Impurity metal ions (sodium, aluminum, chromium, and gold) were diffused (and grown) into oxide films on silicon which were then exposed to 1,000,000 rads of ionizing radiation from a cobalt-60 source. The effects of radiation were observed by chemical analysis (to determine ion transport) and by conductance and capacitance measurements (to determine oxide charge and distribution of surface state density). (Modified author abstract)

The dissociative recombination of O2(+), NO(+), and N2(+) in the F-region results in the production of atomic oxygen and nitrogen with substantially greater kinetic energy than the ambient atoms. A distribution technique is used to determine the amount of these energetic atoms that are capable of reaching exospheric altitudes from the collision-dominated region at which they are produced. The ballistic trajectories are then calculated in the spherical gravitational field of the earth to study their vertical and horizontal redistribution. In general, the high altitude densities are shown to be substantially greater than those predicted by diffusive equilibrium and a nighttime heating source results from the transport of the energetic atoms from the daytime to the nighttime hemisphere. However, this heating source is negligible in comparison to the major heating mechanisms of the nighttime regions. (Author)

Edited trans. of Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki (USSR) n2 p80-90 1973, by Paul J. Reiff.

Soot has been shown to transport HCl in fires of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. A nitrogen gas purge of the soot easily removes 19 milligrams of HCl per gram of soot, whereas 23 milligrams of chlorine, tightly bound, remains. The spherical, amorphous soot particles formed in the combustion vary in size from 0.03 to 0.11 microns. Simple agglomeration theory suggests that the clusters grow rapidly but remain below 2.5 microns in diameter for an hour. The work implies the importance of water in transport of HCl by soot. Implications for future work are discussed. (Modified author abstract)

A method for solving the complete set of multifluid MHD equations is given. The algorithm SLIDE, which is derived from flux corrected transport methods, is used to solve the fluid equations on a moving 2D axisymmetric coordinate grid in which one set of grid lines represents magnetic flux surfaces while a second set is constructed orthogonal. Preservation of the diagonal form of transport tensors allows accurate representation of anisotropic transport. Results are shown for a problem in theta-pinch geometry and are contrasted to the results of a more conventional (r,z) code. (Author)

Both theoretical and experimental work have been reported on instabilities in purely dissipative bulk systems in which occur chemical reactions and transport processes such as diffusion. The authors investigate instabilities and related phenomena in systems in which certain reactions are localized to electrodes, membranes or other surfaces and the local sites are immersed in a bulk medium with transport processes and additional reactions. Gradients within the local sites are neglected and for simplicity membranes are assumed not to inhibit transport., Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge.

The multilayer Hydrodynamical-Numerical (HN) model (W. Hansen type) is, in many respects, similar to Hansen's single-layer HN model. The hydrodynamical formulas present vertically integrated motion through given layers. The lower layer is partly driven by friction, which is proportional to the mean density relations of the layers, and partly by horizontal pressure gradients caused by the inclination of the surface as well as of the interface. The finite difference forms are similar to those used in single-layer models, except for the additional terms dictated by the second layer. The model uses a continuity equation in its direct, physically simple and correct form. Besides the basic formulas of the model, this report describes the numerical model in FORTRAN. The description of the input parameters, abbreviations used, and the program itself are given in the Appendixes. (Modified author abstract), See also Part 1, AD-778 609, and Part 3, AD-778 610.

The report summarizes the results of two different HN model applications with different grid sizes: one with a small grid size for the Lower Bay of New York; and the second with a larger grid size for the Approaches to New York, which includes part of the New York Bight outside the Ambrose Channel. (Modified author abstract), See also Part 2, AD-778 619, and Part 4, AD-778 617.

The application of a large grid HN model to the New York Bight is to large extent a problem of treating two long open boundaries. The input at these open boundaries serves also for tuning of the results inside the computational area. A few earlier current measurements by two lightships in the Bight as reported by Haight (1942) have been used for verification. The tidal currents predominate in the New York Bight proper, with a superimposed slow net flow toward the south. This net flow can be simulated in the models and tuned with the prescription of a proper slope to the two open boundaries. (Modified author abstract)

The report presents an operational description of the single-layer vertically integrated Hydrodynamical-Numerical (HN) model. The model is an adaptation of one developed by Professor Walter Hansen, University of Hamburg, and tested over the course of two decades. The description includes the setting up of the model for a given area and the selection and preparation of input data. A brief background of the hydrodynamical formulas and their finite difference forms are also presented. For coastal applications, it is now possible to run the model with three open boundaries. Another new feature makes possible the inclusion of the permanent (thermohaline component) current as well as tidal and wind currents. The transport and diffusion equation is included in the new program. Thus, the program can be used for computing the distribution of pollutants. The program (see Appendix C) is written in FORTRAN and thus will run on almost any computer. (Modified author abstract), See also Part 2, AD-778 619.

The most significant finding has been the demonstration that even five minute exposures to oxygen at four atmospheres produces a severe, but reversible (upon removal from hyperoxia), inhibition of active transport of glucose, using Escherichia coli as a model cell system. Experimental data is so far consistent with the current operating theory that a site in membrane transport is the primary target in acute oxygen toxicity at the cell level. The inhibition of transport apparently is not due to lack of energy (ATP) for transport, nor to oxidative destruction of the membrane, but the true mechanism is unknown. (Modified author abstract), See also report dated Jan 73, AD-758 725.