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A life table analysis of premature and mature births demonstrates that differences in the initiation of prenatal care can be ascribed, for the most part, to the shortened gestation period of premature births. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the training and performance of paramedical personnel in family planning services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explores the social construction of maternity and the promotion and prevention of childbirth in obstetrics and gynaecology. Emphasis is given to topics such as interpersonal relations between physician and patient, discussing the topics of sterilization and contraception with pregnant women, and the role of nurses in medical interactions related to pregnancy.

Inadequate maternity care among migrant farm workers has been attributed largely to difficulties associated with their mobility. A study of maternity care behavior of 172 migrants and 145 non-migrants of the same racial and socio-economic group who delivered in Belle Glade (Florida) during a period of one year raises serious questions regarding the validity of this assumption. Comparisons of the migrant and non-migrant groups revealed no significant differences with regard to social characteristics, maternal histories, trimester during which prenatal care was sought, number of patient visits for maternity care, postpartum examinations or outcome of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the text of a lecture delivered by professor G.S. Dawes at the University of British Columbia on December 8, 1972, which deals with revolutions and cyclical rhythms in prenatal life.

One hundred pregnant teenagers were studied in the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, fifty from the prenatal clinic, and fifty from the teenage obstetrical clinic. Findings for the two groups are reported, but few differences were found. Suggestions for further action are being followed up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying perinatal mortality an investigation was made to determine which, if any, characteristics of hospitals are related to fetal and/or neonatal death rates for infants delivered in them, to examine various attributes of mother and infant, as well as other factors, and to see how they are related to each other and how they influence perinatal mortality. Findings are presented and discussed with particular attention to the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major objective of this study was to determine and describe services (health, social, educational, vocational, etc.) for pregnant teenage girls, for the fathers of the babies, and for their families in large American cities. Another objective was to determine unmet needs. Findings are presented and discussed, as are various factors involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of premarital pregnancy in all women under 30 living in a single county who first married in 1968 is reported. The proportion of brides pregnant at marriage declined with higher age at marriage and with increased education. During the year of study the out-of-wedlock births were only about one-third of the total premarital pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on Toxoplasma gondii and its capacity to produce diseases. Differential diagnosis of toxoplasmosis; Transmission mechanism of toxoplasmosis to humans; Examples of serologic tests used to diagnose toxoplasmosis; Treatment approach for toxoplasmosis; Recommendations on pregnant women regarding the threat of Toxoplasma gondii to the unborn fetus.

Chapter 9 of the book "Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development" is presented. It offers information regarding the normal pregnancy series in the Center for child development. The group considered in their study all women from the prenatal clinics of the Boston Lying-in Hospital. The objective of the study is to obtain a more accurate information on the occurrences during pregnancy and to control other prenatal factors.

A list of figures and their respective page numbers is presented. They include the "Prenatal Nutrition Record Form" in page 55, "Form Used by Mothers in Recording One Day's Complete Dietary" in page 58 to 59, "Form Used by Nutritionist for Recording Average Day's Dietary" in page 61, and "Orthopedic Examination Form, modified to show possible entries" in page 80 to 81.

Discusses the role of the pediatrician in preventing mental impairment in children. Interaction between brain and environment; Need for the children's physician to use every approach to prevent prenatal and postnatal injury to the child's computer-like nervous system; Intellectual ability at age five to seven by social grade and birth weight; Biosocial epidemiology; Pregnancy care; Postnatal care; Pre-gestational care; Genetic counseling; Computer analogy.

Focuses on the collaborative approaches to the recognition and management of the neglected child. Consideration of rejection of prenatal care as a form of parental neglect; Analysis of the cause of the problem; Challenge paused by parental fear and of inability or unwillingness to permit treatment to pediatricians and medical social worker.

Although the present research was exploratory in nature, the results suggest that long-range prediction of ability performance using information from prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal developmental periods was feasible. Additionally, it was found that the use of sequential prediction stages, not only allowed for more accurate classification of Ss as normal or abnormal, but also indicated some optimal interval of time beyond which increments in predictive accuracy were negligible. While the predictor variables were listed for inspection, no attempt was made to interpret which variables were good or poor predictors. Discernment of the adequacy of the predictor variables will be the major focus of a future, more elaborate study involving a much larger number of CCDP Ss. This study will require a refinement of the developmental outcome criterion to include performance on both psychological and neurological tests and a more comprehensive coverage of the wide range of available predictor variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates prenatal influences on the development of teeth of newborn Wistar albino rats and their mothers. An experiment is described and results are discussed. Among the findings was that nearly all rats who received injections of alloxan evinced abnormalities in terms of amelogenesis.

Presents a case study of the successful insertion of a Starr-Edwards prosthesis during the first trimester of pregnancy in a patient with severe mitral valve disease. Background on the link between heart disease and maternal death; Clinical history of the patient; Details of the management of the pregnancy.

São propostos 6 itens de avaliação quantitativa de atividades de serviços de Pré-Natal. São referidos, como indicadores de atividades dos médicos e grau de proteção oferecida às gestantes: 1) a média de consultas por hora/ano por médico; 2) o número de consultas possíveis; 3) a média de consultas por gestante; 4) a proporção entre matrículas e consultas em continuação por mês; 5) média de idade da gestação na matrícula. Procurou-se relacionar estes dados com a qualificação apresentada pelos serviços, ou seja, presença de médico, enfermeira, facilidades para internação, laboratório, medicamentos, cursos e assistência social. Estes indicadores parecem revelar, quando associados, não só a quantidade de serviços prestados, como também indiretamente a sua qualificação. Foram observados 10 serviços de Pré-Natal durante 4 anos de atividades, estas avaliadas pelos indicadores propostos. Revelou-se a predominância de baixa produtividade na maioria deles, com excessivo número de horas ociosas, bem como, número pequeno de consultas para as matrículas. A relação presumida entre qualificação de serviços e maior freqüência ao pré-natal, não se revelou clara a não ser quando oferecida intensamente.Six items are proposed in order to obtain a quantitative evaluation of the activities in the prenatal services. Indexes of phyhidans' activities and degree of protection atainned by patients are: 1) the number of consults by doctor-hour/year; 2) the number of possible consults; 3) the mean number of consults by pregnants; 4) the ratio between registrations and consults (other than the first) by month; 5) mean age of pregnancy at the time of registration. These data are examined in relation to the quality of the services, i. e., doctor's presence, nurses, internation facilities, laboratory, prescriptions, courses and social care. It seems that those indexes exhibit not only the quantity of services offered but as well, their quality. Ten prenatal services were observed during a period of 4 years. Their activities were evaluated through the indexes mentioned, and a low productivity was found in their majority, with too high number of vacant hours and a small number of consults. The assumed relationship between quality of services and a higher prenatal center attendance is not clear, unless where the service offer is intensive.

Foi analisado o coeficiente de mortalidade materna no município de Osasco e observado que o mesmo ainda é alto comparado ao de S. Paulo (Capital) e ao de cidades localizadas em países mais desenvolvidos. Porém, o comportamento deste coeficiente, nos diversos anos, mostra efetiva melhora nos serviços de saúde materna, através da redução de 28,99% no período de 1967/1970. Observou-se que, ao ser analisado o coeficiente de mortalidade materna deve ser levado em consideração não só a sua magnitude, como também o seu comportamento nos diferentes anos. Além disso, deve-se considerar a proporção que apresenta em relação às demais causas de óbitos no grupo fértil feminino e o relacionamento entre si das causas obstétricas. Foi salientada a correspondência existente entre causas obstétricas de óbito e serviços de saúde materna.The maternal mortality rate in the county of Osasco (S. Paulo State, Brazil) was analysed and it was observed that this rate is still high comparing with the city of S. Paulo (S. Paulo State, Brazil), as well as with towns of more developed countries. Even so, one can notice that this rate shows a real improvement in the maternal health service with a reduction of the rate of 28,99% during the 1967-1970 period. The necessity that the maternal mortality rate be analized in respect to not only its magnitude but also as to its conduct during the different years, was showed. It is important to compare the obstetrical causes of death with others in the feminine fertile group and the relationship between the different obstetrical causes. The importance between these and the maternal health services, was showed.

Foi apresentado um plano de aplicação de critérios de medicina preventiva à assistência ambulatorial oferecida pelo Instituto Nacional de Previdência Social a seus segurados em São Paulo. O plano, a ser implantado já no 2.° semestre de 1973, compreenderá 4 programas básicos: de imunização, de combate à tuberculose, de assistência pré-natal e de assistência à infância. Cada um desses programas é apresentado em pormenores, compreendendo objetivos principais, prioridades e metas operacionais.A plan of application of preventive medicine criteria to the outpatient clinics oferred by the National Institut of Social Welfare to their members in São Paulo is exposed. The plan, to be implanted in the second semester of 1973, will include 4 basic programs: immunization; combat against tuberculosis; prenatal care; and infant care. Each of these programs is presented in detail, including main objectives, priorities and operational aims.

This article informs that a study conducted in Scotland identified those prenatal conditions and events which, by being associated with high child morbidity, might possibly be noxious. As a First step, total child morbidity scores covering six categories were calculated, and the cases divided into quartiles on the basis of the scores. No relationship was found between the children's health and physical illness, accidents, work stresses or dental operations in the mothers. Situational stresses, such as the death or severe illness of a family member, or shocks and frights experienced by the expectant mother, were also not significant. On the other hand, stresses involving severe, continuing personal tensions were closely associated with child morbidity in the form of ill health, neurological dysfunction, developmental lag and behavior disturbances. This association could not be attributed to prenatal maternal illness, to short gestation or to complications at delivery.

This article presents information related to late marriage in the Philippines. In the absence of widespread use of contraception, a shift in the timing of childbirth toward older ages could be an important means in the attempt to bring about a decline in the birth and growth rates of the country. One way to affect delays in childbearing and thus to curb population growth is to raise the age at marriage. The effectiveness of this procedure has been well demonstrated in the demographic history of Ireland. Studies undertaken in the Philippines have discovered that women who marry at a young age tend to have substantially larger families than do women who marry at an older age. In the late 1950's the number of children born to mothers who had married in their teens exceeded the number of children born to mothers who had married after passing their 20th birthdays by about 39 per cent. Over the last two decades and a half, median age at first marriage for women in the Philippines has followed a rising trend.

The article presents a study on the risks, medical care and infant mortality in New York City. The study examines the characteristics of prenatal care among pregnant women. Results of the study indicated that more than half of the 142,017 live births were associated with one or more social, medical or obstetric risks that could influence their survival. Of this number, 3,115 infants died during the first year of life, resulting in a cohort infant mortality rate of 21.9 per 1,000 live births. Based on the findings, the study suggested for more support in medical and health services for pregnant women particularly in some ethnic groups, who tend to have few prenatal visits.

The article reflects on genetic counseling, a process of advising patients about the nature of the inherited disorder. The prenatal genetic counseling stresses inherited disorder as disproportionate. Prenatal diagnostic procedures have been developed, where about 30 biochemical diseases and virtually all chromosomal abnormalities will be diagnosed with certainty through cell cultures. Furthermore, the diagnostic procedures pose psychological and sociomedical problems.

Looks into the practice of teaching in preparation for parenthood offered by the maternity services of hospitals in Great Britain. Problems seen on the maternity services provided; Recommendations given for preparation during the prenatal and postnatal periods; Steps to be taken by the parents for parenthood.

Grantly Dick Read, well-known author of the book "Childbirth Without Fear," has recently supervised an actual confinement which was recorded and is now released on a twelve inch long-playing record. The twelve hour labor period was reduced to a fifty-three minute recording by selecting the contractions and shortening the silent periods in-between. Though this recording is being released the general public, it can be most effectively used by discriminating specialists before classes dealing with prenatal care and preparation for parenthood.

The article presents the study of Infant Mortality which was of such surpassing interest that the proceedings during the meeting of the American Association for the Study of Infant Mortality in Richmond, Virginia were published in a report of 350 pages. The study includes subjects like war service for the prevention of infant mortality, Red Cross child welfare work in France; care of women during pregnancy and labor in England, France and Germany, Obstetrics and Pediatrics.

Discusses the responsibilities of a pediatrician in preventing gonococcal infection in newborn infants. Importance of serologic testing in the first and third trimester of every pregnancy; Justification of serologic testing by fetal wastage; Consideration of the time-honed Credé method as the most appropriate for such conditions.

Presents a letter to the editor about prenatal visits.

Provides information on the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, founded by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the U.S. Purpose of leading and unifying the fight against poliomyelitis by promoting study and research into its cause, nature and prevention, and by providing medical care for patients afflicted with disease; Involvement of the organization in establishing the Arthritis Foundation; Creation of the Pre-Natal Care program to help secure for every baby the best chance for normal development from the moment of conception; Availability of community educational programs dealing with birth defects.

The article discusses a publication of the German federal council of physicians and medical insurers. The work recommends guidelines for doctors on practices and treatments during a mother's pregnancy and post partum. The council also introduced the Mother's Pass and thereby sparked arguments over the information to be contained in the document and the contents' security and privacy.