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Desert varnish samples from Deep Springs Valley and Death Valley in California were studied with the use of the electron microprobe. Varnish can be interpreted as having two layers, an inner subordinate layer rich in $SiO_{2}$ and usually $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and an outer main layer rich in FeO and MnO. The subordinate layer may be altered rock which has lost all evidence of crystal structure and to which Fe and Mn have been added. These layers are not distinguishable optically. In varnish on quartzites, FeO, MnO, $Al_{2}O_{3}$, and $K_{2}O$ all increase in concentration outward through the varnish from the rock-varnish contact. However, in varnish on argillites, $Al_{2}O_{3}, K_{2}O$, and sometimes FeO decrease in concentration outward. Comparison of these variations with data on the bulk composition of the fresh rock suggests that elements which increase outward may be supplied largely from external sources and that elements which decrease outward may be supplied predominantly from the underlying rock. The FeO...

In any economic system not in a state of complete stagnation, there must be somebody exercising the abilities to see new economic possibilities, the foresight to develop them, and the courage to take the necessary risks-the talents of the entrepreneur. Mao Tse-tung has always emphasized the importance of entreneurship. This is often obscured for the Western reader only by the fact that in the West people think of entrepreneurship as a characteristic of free market economies, and they do not even attempt to study entrepreneurship in socialist countries.Mao's entrepreneur, however, is not the individual per se, but the collective, or more precisely individuals operating in collective economies. In many examples of good Maoist-type enterprises, there is almost always one named individual, or a small group of individuals, who have taken the initiative in a new development, worked out the idea, embraced the effective forethought, and persuaded the collective to adopt it. The aim is not of course the maximization of individual profit, but the maximization of collective production. These are the qualities of the heroic leaders of the Taching Oilfield, the Tachai Production Brigade, and of a thousand other economic enterprises, industrial and agricultural, which have been presented as models of Maoist organization.Mao sees the education of peasants as the fundamental problem of the Chinese economy, and considers that economic growth as well as revolution must depend on the masses of the people and on everybody going into action, not depending on a few people issuing orders. Therefore, his strategy of developent is to bring peasants and local initiative more into play and, under the unified planning of the central government, let the localities do more. Given the one basic assumption that China's problems can only be radically solved by collective enterprise, there leaves no doubt that entrepreneurship within the collective organization is the keystone of Mao's hopes of rapid development, and a major object of educating peasants, sons into modern producers. Surely, maximizing these qualities within that system is one of Mao's greatest and most constant preocupation in the economic field.

This study was intended to assess the state-of-the-art of predicting the reliability of items that fail due to mechanical stresses, and to identify those areas in which development effort should be intensified. In order to achieve an orientation toward application rather than analytical theories, a sample approach has been chosen by AMSAA, the details of the sample being selected by consultation between AMSAA and the University of Delaware. The study revealed a dearth of design-oriented data on mechanical failures and a virtual absence of analytical methods and expertise to use such data. Development of a data base is recommended, initially from design testing. This experience and its result will provide a basis of analytical expertise to use the data for reliability prediction.

Priestley's method [1, 2, 3] of non-stationary spectral analysis is extended to the case of digitally sampled records. A computation procedure previously proposed in an earlier work [4] is further investigated. This procedure compensates for the inherent difficulties in the theory and computes timedependent spectra from a sample in an iterative manner. Validities of the theory and the iterative procedure are tested with a simulated non-stationary process. Results establish a general agreement with theory, especially when spectra vary smoothly with time and frequency. Consequently, the procedure is applied to estimate non-stationary spectra for two wave records. A comparison is made between the non-stationary estimates and the stationary results derived from the same set of wave records.