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In order to examine the antimicrobial activity of n-fattyacyl mono-aminoacyl derivatives of colistin nonapeptide (CNP), twenty-one derivatives were synthesized and characterized on their chemical, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Five α-amino acids, glycine, l-alanine, dl-aminobutyric acid, dl-norvaline and dl-norleucine, and two ω-amino acids, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid, were first acylated with each of three kinds of acid chloride, n-octanoyl, n-decanoyl and n-dodecanoyl chloride, and then esterified with p-nitrophenol prior to the coupling of those n-fattyacyl amino acids to the terminal threonine of CNP. The coupling reaction was carried out in an aqueous solvent buffered at pH 5.0 without any protection of the γ-amino groups of CNP, as reported previously.All of the derivatives obtained in hydrochloride salts were hygroscopic white amorphous powder showing decomposing points at 180~230°C. Each purified preparation exhibited a ninhydrin positive spot on a paper chromatogram, and ea...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of hydrocarbon yeast grown on n-paraffin, as dietary protein source for broiler. The contents of crude protein, metabolizable energy and vitamin B12 in the yeast were 64%, 3.39kcal/g and 0.02μg/g on dry-basis, respectively.In Expt. 1, all of fish meal and part or all of soybean meal in the control ration were replaced by the yeast at the dietary yeast level of 10, 15 and 20%, respectively. Body weight gain of the broiler at 10 weeks of age was in inverse proportion to the dietary yeast level. The relationship could be well described by the following equation:y=2, 347-23.39x+162.9swhere, y is body weight gain (g), x is dietary yeast level (%) and s is a correction term for sex difference, being 1 for male and -1 for female.In Expt. 2, 4 factors, i.e. supplementation of either vitamin B12 or fish meal, effect of pelleting of yeast and assesment of total digestible nutrients of yeast, being either 66 or 77%, were studied on the effect to improve growth rate of broiler on hydrocarbon yeast. Supplementation of either vitamin B12 or fish meal was effective to improve growth rate of broiler. Since the effect of both vitamin B12 and fish meal was not additive, the effect of fish meal was suspected to be due to vitamin B12 content in it. Pelleting the yeast improved feed intake but it had little effect on growth rate. Total digestible nutrients in the yeast was assessed as 77%, i.e. 3.39kcal of metabolizable energy per g on dry-basis.In Expt. 3, effect of supplemented vitamin B12, L-lysine, glycine and extra DL-methionine which had been added already at 0.1% level in all of the experimental diets, was compared. Only the supplementation of vitamin B12 was effective to improve the performance of broiler, supporting the findings in Expt. 2. Actually, growth rate of the chicks on 15% yeast diet with supplementary vitamin B12 was almost identical to that on the control diet, of which main protein source was fish meal and soybean meal.It was concluded that hydrocarbon yeast is lacking in sulfur amino acids and vitamin B12, resembling soybean meal as poultry feed. Supplementation of 50μg of vitamin B12 or of corresponding amount of fish meal, and of 0.1% of DL-methionine to the diet containing 15% of the yeast was satisfactory. With the supplemontation, hydrocarbon yeast is an excellent protein source for broiler.

The reactions of U 3 O 8 and UO 3 with fluorine have been studied in the temperature range from 350 to 440°C with a thermobalance. The overall reaction consists of two steps. In the first step reaction, these oxides change to uranyl fluorides and in the second to UF 6 . In the case of U 3 O 8 , the first step reaction influenced the rate of the second step, so that the formation of the UF 6 was slow at first, where an induction period was seen, and finally followed the linear law. The rate of the first step reaction of UO 3 was much faster than the second step, and the great part of the overall reaction followed the linear law. The activation energies of the second step reactions for U 3 O 8 and UO 3 were 21·3 and 22·0 kcal/mole respectively. An almost linear relationship was found to exist between the reaction rate and the partial pressure of fluorine. For U 3 O 8 , the formation rate of UF 6 was nearly proportional to the surface area determined by gaseous adsorption.

The cerebral (CG), pleuro-pedal (PPG) and visceral ganglia (VG) of mature females of the abalone, Nordotis discus REEVE, were respectively homogenized separately in filtered sea water, in tap water or in 0.6% NaCI solution in a concentration of one ganglion per 0.1 ml of the vehicle. The homogenates were injected 1, 2 or 3 times, once a day, in a constant amount of 0.1 ml per animal, into the head of prespawning females of 9.0-11.9 cm in shell length. In groups of PPG-, PPG+VG- and VG-injected animals, ovaries exhibited a remarkable swelling and softening followed by a slight increase in mean body weight, possibly owing to an increased water content in the ovaries caused by the uptake of water. Moreover, they spawned a huge number of fertilizable eggs after 1 or 2 injections, which resulted in a loss in body weight. Conversely, a group of CG-injected animals showed a gain in mean body weight without revealing any notable change in the ovaries. It seems likely that the visceral and pleuro-pedal ganglia may produce and release sub-stance(s) which induces spawning in the abalone, and that an uptake of water in the pre-spawning ovary might be physiologically significant for the execution of spawning.

Colistin, a fatty acyl peptide antibiotic, was attacked by proteolytic enzymes such as papain, ficin and bromelain, and as degradation product, a peptide portion retaining the ring structure of colistin was liberated. In contrast, an analogous antibiotic polymyxin B showed a characteristic resistance to the catalytic activity of papain.Colistin nonapeptide and α-N-fatty acyl α,γ-diaminobutyric acid were obtained as products from the above enzymatic hydrolyzates of colistin and their chemical and physicochemical properties were investigated.Contrary to colistin, this colistin nonapeptide was inactive to Escherichia coli. NIHJ and to many other strains even at a concentration of 800 mcg/ml by the agar dilution method. As α-N-fatty acyl α,γ-diaminobutyric acid which is rest part of colistin was added to colistin nonapeptide, antimicrobial activity of colistin nonapeptide did not increase.

A study has been made on the fluorination of uranium metal chips to UF6 with fluorine gas in the temperature range of 100° to 400°C. The formation of UF6 was influenced by the concentration and the flow rate of fluorine gas and by the reaction temperature. The reaction occurred apparently above 200°C. Uranium metal was first converted to low fluorine content compound such as UF3 or UF4-x, then to UF4 and finally to UF6. The intermediate compounds were confirmed by X-ray analysis and by their color.

Thermal decomposition of PuF 4 · 7 6 NH 4 F (or PuF4·NH4F), PuF4·2NH4F, CeF 4 · 7 6 NH 4 F (or CeF4·NH4F) and UF 4 · 7 6 NH 4 F (or UF4·NH4F) have been studied under vacuum and in inert gas flow, using a microthermobalance. The anhydrous PuF3, CeF3 and UF4 were obtained as the decomposition products. The following reactions appeared to occur in thermal decomposition of these double salts. 1 M F 4 · 7 6 NH 4 F = M F 3 + 5 6 NH 4 F + 8 6 HF + 1 6 N 2 (M = Pu and Ce ) 2 UF 4 · 7 6 NH 4 F = UF 4 + 7 6 NH 4 F .

反応速度論的研究に示差熱解析を用いるKissingerの方法を100atmにおげる芳香族化合物の液桐接触水添反応に応用した。昇温速度φを1.08～2.80℃/minで変化させ, 示差温度が最高になる点の試料室の凪度を棚定して, ベンゼンおよびジフェニルニーチルの水添反応に対する種々の速度論的矧鎮がDTAデータから褐られた。ベンゼンに対して, 回分式等温実験およびDTAより得られた結果はそれぞれE=18.3, 20.0kcal/mol; lnA=18.6, 21.9; n=1.0, 1.1であった。

The variation of suppression efficiencies was observed among the four nonsense mutations locating at the different positions on the lysozyme gene of phage T4. The variation is possibly due to the effect of the base sequences adjacent to nonsense mutations.

The preparation of ammonium plutonium(IV) fluorides from the mixed solution of 0–10M NH4F and 0–10M HF has been studied. The valency of Pu(IV) was adjusted by controlled potential electrolysis or by addition of NH4NO2 solution. The precipitates obtained from Pu(IV) adjusted by controlled potential electrolysis were pink 6PuF4·7NH4F (or PuF4 · NH4F) and green PuF4·2NH4F; the former was precipitated from 0·5-2M NH4F, while the latter from 4–10M NH4F, and mixed precipitates were obtained in the concentration region of 2–4M NH4F. The solubility of plutonium has a minimum at 0·5M NH4F and then increases rapidly with the concentration of NH4F. The precipitates obtained from Pu(IV) adjusted by NH4NO2 solution were a pink 6PuF4·7NH4F(or PuF4 ·NH4F) and a red new compound showing a different X-ray pattern and PuFNH3 mole ratio 1·0:5·6-5·8:0·7-0·8.

Experiments were made with flat plate 13 Cr stainless steel specimens for their fatigue test in the reverse plane-bending, to study the effect of their edge shapes on their fatigue strength. The specimens had been heat treated to Rockwell hardness of C 45, and their edges were formed either by machining the specimens or by punching them. Some of the machined specimens were further machined to be rounded to various sizes of radius.The experimental result shows: (1) that the fatigue limit of machined specimens has risen about 10 per cent as the result of rounding their edges even slightly; (2) that the fatigue limit of punched specimens has remained about 26 per cent lower than that of machined specimens of right angular edges.

This paper reports the result of experiments made of the effect of grinding, lapping and barrel-finishing operations on the fatigue strength of quenched and tempered 13Cr stainless steel used for compressor valve. The reversed plane-bending fatigue tests were carried out by means of Schenk-type fatigue testing machine of 10kgm at about 1500rpm. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:(1) In longitudinal grinding the fatigue limit of roughly ground specimens was almost the same as finely ground ones, but in transverse grinding the latter was about 10% higher than the former.(2) In rough grinding the fatigue limit of transversely ground specimens was contrary to general expectations, nearly equal to that of longitudinally ground ones, but in fine grinding the former was about 20% higher than the latter.(3) The lapped specimens, when barrel-finished, get their surface roughness reduced by half, with but little increase in fatigue limit.(4) In the surface finishing operations under the conditions used in this experiment it was necessary that the residual stress both in the surface layer and the surface roughness should be taken into consideration as having influence on the fatigue strength.

オーチャードグラスを主体とする混播草を原料としキューブと乾草あるいはサイレージを調製した.調製法の相違による栄養価の比較を明らかにすべく,化学分析,メン羊による消化試験,窒素代謝試験,しこう試験を行なった.その結果,次の知見を得た.1) 細胞膜物質(CW)の含量,消化率はキューブが低くTDN中に占める可消化細胞膜物資(DCW)の割合は乾草に比較して平均約10%も低かった.2) 全窒素に占める水溶性窒素の割合は他のものに比してキューブが極端に低く,調製時のたんぱく質の熱変性が推察された.3) TDN, DCPはサイレージが乾草,キューブに比して高い値を示し,キュープと乾草では総合的に見て等価かあるいは若干キューブが優った.4) キューブのしこう性は良質のサイレージよりは劣ったが,乾草よりは良好であった.5) 窒素出納試験ではキュープは常にプラスの蓄積を示した.

Preliminary clinical observations are presented on the hypotensive effect of KK-25-S (N-dimethylaminopropyl-4, 7-endoethylene-4, 7, 8, 3-tetrahydro-4, 7-ethanoisoindoline), a newly synthesized ganglionic blocking agent. A significant response was obtained in 12 of 25 hypertensive cases (48%) treated with KK-25-S alone. Addition of reserpine resulted in a more favorable response, 18 of 21 cases (86%) treated with the combined therapy showing satisfactory hypotensive effect without development of significant tolerance to KK-25-S. The incidence of side effects, especially of constipation and orthostatic hypotension was less than that with other available ganglionic blocking agents. The encouraging results obtained here warrant further investigation of this drug.

Hereunder is reported the investigation made of the effect of grinding conditions and aftertreatments, such as barrel-finishing and grit-blasting, on the reversed plane-bending fatigue strength of hardened 13Cr stainless steel. Two grinding conditions were considered, the gentle and the severe. The grinding direction was always in parallel to the length of the specimen.The results obtained are summarized as follow:(1) The fatigue limit of severely ground specimens has remained about 42% lower than that of gently ground ones.(2) The surface residual stresses in parallel to the length of the specimens, both those gently-ground and those severely ground, were of tensile sort. Severe grinding, in particular, induced exceedingly high tensile stresses on the surface layer.(3) The barrel-finishing and grit-blasting after grinding have greatly raised the fatigue limit.(4) The barrel-finishing induced compressive residual stress on the surface, while, the distribution of residual stress on the surface layers of grit-blasting specimens was almost even for the two grinding conditions, and the stress was of compressive sort of considerably high degree.

A markoffian stochastic model of interacting Ising spins is discussed near its critical point. The long time behavior of relaxation of its magnetization and energy is investigated near T c by the use of high-temperature series expansion and the ratio method. The numerical estimate of the critical exponent Δ M M of slowing down of magnetization is made, the results of which show Δ M M ≃2 for the simple square and triangular lattices, and Δ M M ≃1.4 for the simple cubic lattice. The exponent Δ E E of slowing down of energy is also estimated, which gives the result Δ E E ≃2 for the simple square and triangular lattices. The method to derive high-temperature expansion of an n -spin correlation function for an Ising model of spin 1/2 by the use of an equation of detailed balance is presented and applied to these estimates.

A simple dynamical model of interacting Ising spins is discussed near the critical point. It is shown that all the moments are positive and never vanish even at the critical point. Lower and upper bounds of the susceptibility are obtained, which yield the non-vanishing of the real part of the susceptibility. This gives a simple proof for the poly-dispersive nature of our system. The method of high temperature expansions for the dynamical susceptibility is presented and is applied to the two-dimensional Ising model up to the ninth order, the results of which show that the critical index of slowing down (the relaxation time τ (1) ∝( T - T c ) - Δ ; Δ =2±0.05) is different from that of the static susceptibility.

オーチャードグラス乾草の飼料特性を調べる目的で,2年間にわたり,1,2,3番草から乾草を調製し,栄養価値,嗜好性について番草間の比較,および同一刈取回次の経時的な変化の様子を観察した.その結果,1,3番草に比較して2番草はそのエネルギー含量が低く,TDN,DEの含量でも同様であった.栄養価の経時的な変化は1番草がもっとも激しく,3番草では認められなかった.乾草の嗜好性についてカフェテリヤ法で試験をした結果,1,3番草に比して2番草が相対的に悪かった.

The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of 17-7PH (17% Cr, 7% Ni, 1% Al) stainless steel was investigated at room temperature. The specimens were given the following heat treatment conditions: (a) Solution treatment: 1050°C×15min, a.c. (b) Intermediate treatment: 760°C∼975°C×15min, a.c. (c) Subzero treatment: -78°C×8hr. (d) Aging treatment: 425°C∼575°C, 0∼70hr, a.c. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:(1) Austenite in the solution treatment could be transformed into martensite by intermediate and subzero treatments, so that tensile strength, yield strength, plane-bending fatigue limit and hardness increased, but elongation considerably decreased.(2) After subzero treatment, the mechanical properties of this steel increased a little with increasing intermediate temperature.(3) In the relation between aging conditions and hardness, the lower the aging temperature, the longer was the aging time that showed a maximum value of hardness, but its value rose high.(4) When the aging conditions continued within the temperature range of 425°C to 575°C for 2 hours, the maximum mechanical properties could be obtained at 500°C. In this case, there was hardly the effect of intermediate temperature except elongation.(5) When the specimens intermediate-treated at 950°C were aged at 500°C, these tensile strength, yield strength, fatigue limit and hardness were remarkably increased in the early stage of aging and showed the maximum values in 2 hours. But these elongation was nearly constant up to 7 hours.(6) In the condition of subzero treatment or aging treatment the ratio of the fatigue limit to the tensile strength was about one-third.

The Fokker-Planck equation whose equilibrium solution is given by Wilson's probability density is considered. The conditional probability of the temporal process generated through this equation is expressed in the forrri of a path integral. With the aid of renormalization group transformations applied to this path probability density, the dynamical critical expo­ nent characterizing asymptotic critical behavior of its long wavelength mode is determined to order e' (E=4 -d) in agreement with that of Halperin, Hohenberg and Ma.

The relation between composition and lattice parameter of non-stoichiometric plutonium dihydride (cub.) has been studied. The samples were prepared by two different methods, namely, thermal decomposition of PuH3.0 and hydrogenation reaction of the lower hydrides. As the H/Pu mole ratio increased from 2·0 to 2·7, the lattice parameter of PuH2+x lineally decreased from 5·360 to 5·340A˚. The influence of the oxidation on the lattice parameter was also given.

金属タングステンとフッ素ガスとの反応性を200,350,500℃ の各温度にて重量変化により調べた。フッ素ガスは電解により発生させ,窒素ガスにてうすめて用いた。反応開始温度は試料の形状により異なり,粉末状試料の場合は200℃ にて反応を開始するが,棒状試料の場合は300℃ にて開始する。反応生成物の主なものは六フッ化タングステンであることを赤外吸収により確認した。反応途中の試料を電子顕微鏡,電子線回折にて調べたが,中間生成物は確認されなかった。試料金属粉末の吸着表面積をB.E.T法にて測定したが,この表面積の増加と共に反応性も増す。粉末試料の場合,フッ化反応の見かけの活性化エネルギーは0.5kcal/molであった。

Hall effect and photoluminescence measurements are made on single crystals of GaAs which were heat-treated at 1000 or 1100°C in an atmosphere of As. It is shown that by heat-treatment acceptor centers are created and four of them contribute to the change of conduction type. Energy levels and origins of these centers are discussed in comparison with the results of Kressel 1 and Munoz. 2