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Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare familial disease of uncertain etiology manifested by a dermatitis of the acral areas, a gastrointestinal disturbance, stomatitis, and alopecia. It causes generalized debilitation and when untreated it is often fatal. Diiodohydroxyquin has been found to be highly effective in inducing remissions. The second reported case of this disease in a pregnant patient is presented. Pregnancy appears to cause an exacerbation of the disease.

The chemical structure of the finish obtained from melamine-hased reagents depends primarily on the constitution of the reactant and the reaction conditions. Attempts are made to follow the reaction of these various reagents from the pad bath formulation to the finished fabric under reaction conditions of interest to the textile industry. Specific reactions discussed include hydrolysis, alkylation, demethylolation, and polymerization. The formation of oxydimethylene links from methylolated amides under acidic and basic conditions are considered and the conclusions applied to textile treat ments. Reaction conditions include those for conventional pad-dry-cure treatments and wet or steaming treatments.

An improved process for precure or postcure durable-press, colored cotton fabrics has been developed through the pilot-plant stage. In an efficient use of reagents, resins are deposited or fixed in the swollen cotton fiber and then cured to produce a highly wrinkle-resistant fabric with a minimum of strength and abrasion losses. The steaming, under drying conditions, of fabric impregnated with melamine resins and a cross-linking agent at pH 3.5–6 provides the necessary deposition and “fixation” reaction. Curing of the steamed fabric completes the polymerization and cross-linking required for the process.Details are presented which were selected to assist in the commercialization of this process. It is believed the degrees of freedom available in the steaming conditions and choice of reagents and acidity are general enough to assure a successful scale-up.

The 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone system, with methyl and/or methylol substituents in the 1,3-positions, has been studied with respect to the geometry of the hydroxyls in the 4,5-positions and with respect to the textile properties of cotton cross-linked with these agents. In addition, some of the impurities and byproducts expected in this system are discussed. Fabrics finished with the cross-linking agents have been compared with respect to acidic and basic hydrolysis of the finish, wrinkle recovery angle, chlorine damage, discoloration, and formaldehyde release.

Chemical and physical changes occurring in cotton cellulose when it is finished with N-methylol agents under varying degrees of cure are discussed. Resistance to acidic hydrolysis of the finish has been found to be an excellent method for establishing the degree of cure of a finish. Factors discussed include time and temperature of cure, reactant to catalyst ratio, type of catalyst, reactivity of the agent enhanced by the leaving group effect, functionality of the reactant, processing conditions, acid-base control, fabric weight, and fabric type, i.e., cotton and cotton-polyester fabrics.

The effects of time, temperature, concentration, and catalyst on the reaction between cotton fabric and bis(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane in N,N-dimethylformamide have been studied. The reaction was carried out without pretreatment of the fabric or the reagents used. Diisocyanate-treated fabrics possess high wrinkle-recovery angles with moderate losses in tearing strength and abrasion resistance. The treatment produced fabrics that were resistant to acidic and basic hydrolysis, chlorine damage, rot, and degradation from repeated home laundering. The abrasion resistance and tearing strength of the treated fabrics were significantly improved when n-octadecylisocyanate was used as a co-reactant.

The observation is reported that hyperthermia-susceptible swine manifest an increased red cell osmotic fragility. The importance of this observation is discussed.