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Ten new species of Trichobius are described from the Neotropical Region: T. intermedius (Dominican Republic, Haiti, Bahama Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador); T. neotropicus (Dominican Republic); T. cognatus (Dominica and Cuba); T. wenzeli (Cuba); T. dusbabeki (Cuba); T. cernyi (Cuba); T. frequens (Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Jamaica); T. macroti (Cuba and Bahama Islands); T. robynae (Puerto Rico); and T. dominicanus (Dominican Republic).

This paper deals with the species of the commonest genus of the American Streblidae. The descriptions of the species were made from specimens mounted on slides, in Canada balsam. Here I wish to point out again that spirit preserved specimens are unsuitable for the study of these Diptera. These specimens do not show clearly the details of the structure of some sclerotized parts, and especially the arrangement of the small setae on the thorax, which in some cases, are the only reliable characters for the separation of the species. The study of unmounted specimens of these Diptera may easily lead to incorrect identification, or to the increase of undesirable synonyms.

In the present paper I discuss the identity and systematic position of Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, Speiseria ambigua Kessel and Lemosia setosa Pessôa ão. Besides, I include in this paper a revision of the species of the genus Paratrichobius, which structurally is more or less closely related to the genus Synthesiostrebla.