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Differences in articulation error rates and error patterns as a function of five elicitation modes (picture, picture with pretraining, word repetition, sentence repetition, and nonsense word repetition) were examined. The same 15 words (or pictures representing them) were stimuli in four real word conditions; nonsense words were formed by recombining the vowels and final consonants of the real words. Subjects were 22 preschoolers, 8 kindergarteners, 10 first graders, and 24 college students. Each subject was tested in each mode with order of testing counterbalanced. Errors in initial consonants, initial consonant clusters, vowels, final consonants, and final consonant clusters were scored separately. Error rates and error patterns were similar for the four real word modes. The nonsense words showed an error rate three times higher than that of the real word modes and, in constrast with the real word modes, increased rather than decreased from initial to final position. The effect of test items which are effectively nonsense as well as additional considerations bearing on the choice of real word testing modes are also considered. Tables and references are included. (Author/VJ)

Forty normal children aged 3 and-one-half to 5 and-one-half were tested on the pronunciation of initial /-1/, /-r/, and /s-/ clusters in 120 words, occurring 36, 48, and 42 times, respectively; other phonemes in the cluster occurred from 6 to 18 times. Articulation errors of individual subjects were examined for evidence of (1) degree and type of consistency, including consistency in rate of error; (2) mispronunciation of a phoneme, unconditionally or in any cluster environment; (3) the articulatory feature changed in substitution errors, regardless of phoneme; and (4) the error made on a phoneme. Results showed that children typically made the same number of errors when retested on similar lists, but not on the same items. There was little evidence for consistency in making errors on particular phonemes or features. Few children mispronounced any phoneme more than 50 percent of the time; most missed a phoneme in initial or final position in a cluster only once. In the few instances in which children made more than one error on a phoneme, the error made was usually the same; that is, the subjects were consistent in the error made. Tables and references are included. (Author/VJ)

The magnetite iron ores of Chien-p'ing, Hopei, China occur in hornblende-plagioclase granulite and impure marble of the Archean Sang-kan system. The stratigraphic sequence of the region includes Archean, Proterozoic Sinian system, Cambrian, Ordovician, and Quaternary deposits. The ores are deep-seated, high-grade metamorphic deposits formed partly by hydrothermal action. Significant minerals of the ores are pyroxene, hornblende, magnetite, and brucite. -- M. Russell.

I N 1 9 3 3 , de Lange ~ in Amsterdam described two patients with a complex syndrome associated with characteristic facies and cluster of various congenital anomalies. The primary characteristics include an upturned nose, downturned mouth, confluent eyebrows, long lashes, microbrachycephaly, hirsutism, hypoplastic nipples and umbilicus, low pitched cry, severe retardation of growth and development, and a variety of minor and major skeletal deformities. Subsequently other cases were reported from Europe, and the first cases were reported in the United