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Spatial concepts of system design have outlived their usefulness, says the author of this article. He holds that a more useful framework for future analysis can be based on temporal measures—that it offers the opportunity to develop an analytic approach devoid of crippling assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the description of man's environment, his role in nature and his place in the physical universe. It was stated the environment of man can be analyzed in three main parts. First, the solar system definitely has time moving unidirectionally from a beginning toward an end. Secondly, life apparently is natural in the sense that all the ingredients except the final magic seem to be present in primitive nature. Thirdly, it was claimed that man is new in Earth. He says the role of man in the development of solar system is the application of intelligence to matter. It was asserted that man's place in the physical universe is to be the master of the part that he inhabits, to control the natural forces with his intelligence and to build a future world in his own image.

The article focuses on issues and topics related to parity nonconservation relative to the study conducted by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in 1887 at Cleveland, Ohio. The Michelson-Morley experiment led Albert Einstein to formulate his famous Theory of Relativity eighteen years later. The phrase "Parity is Not Conserved," has become the a favorite subject of discussion among the scientific community around the globe. In everyday language, this phrase roughly means that some laws of nature are not symmetrical.

Describes an algorithm that may be used for the Knox test for space-time clustering in epidemiology. Structure of the algorithm; Accuracy of the algorithm; Computation of the two-dimensional arrays.

The article suggests that there is an archetypal structure which connects psyche and physics and adapts them to each other. The event is the quantum of the psyche's existence, conscious and unconscious. C.G. Jung's experiments in the process of association showed that the complex indicators' provide direct proof of the existence of an unconscious realm of the psyche and also provide information regarding its hidden contents and their emotional charge. The relationship between the complex-event with its space-time manifestation and the deeper layers of the psyche which make up the coordinate system to which the complex is always in relation.

The portrayal of complex surfaces stemming from the gravity model in three-dimensional format can greatly facilitate an understanding of spatial behavior. Not only can the geometric properties of the gravity model be understood more readily, but such a portrayal is extremely valuable in the conduct of actual experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is presented for estimating the quantitative reliability of isoline maps constructed from observations that vary in space and time. The reliability of isolines is expressed as a variance and equations are developed which relate this variance to observational errors, time errors, positional errors, synopticity errors, primary and secondary interpolation errors, and the space-time rates-of-change and the directions of the gradients of the mapped variable. Equations are also developed for designing a survey whose end product is to be an isoline map of specified variance. These relate the variance to the speeds of travel of the observers, the number of observers the dimensions of the surveyed area, and the type of survey pattern. Four types of survey patterns are illustrated: continuous observations along equi-spaced parallel transects and point observations in aligned rectangular, aligned triangular, and unaligned rectangular patterns.

Discusses the views of philosopher Charles Peirce on the philosophy of absolute space. Reasons of Peirce for believing in absolute space; Details of the development of the concept of absolute space; Reactions of Peirce to the criticisms of philosopher Ernst Mach to the concept of absolute space.

Focuses on the components of the metaphysics of philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in an attempt to clarify his concept of the theory of concrescence. Description of a metaphysical system according to Whitehead; Uses of logic in metaphysics; Construction of the entities of geometry on the basis of regions of space-time.

The article presents a suggested classroom activity that depicts of how man throughout the ages has attempted to measure the passing of time. This activity could be used with any regular or special group in almost any grade. The project was worked out by a sixth grade class in a public school for crippled children.

The article compares the spatial and temporal orientation of the group of 50 schizophrenic subjects with a matched group of 50 normal subjects selected from attendants and applicants for the position of attendants and applicants for the position of attendant at the Austin State Hospital in Texas. The defects in orientation in psychotics may be subsumed under the general notions of loss in conceptualization and lowered attention span involving complex relationships. The subjects were compared in terms of Wechsler-Bellevue Vocabulary raw scores, age, sex and economic status.

The spread of soybean production through time and space is examined in terms of several parameters of best-fit logistic curves. Whereas previous research has assumed that three (or more) stages of diffusion through time are embodied in the logistic curve (or other S-curve), this study examines the interrelationships among six specific characteristics of the curve to determine the number of independent stages or aggregate subprocesses that exist. Two types of analysis are used: (1) the interrelationships among the parameters are assessed through factor analysis, and (2) the relationships of each parameter to other variables are assessed through correlation analyses. Results show that two subprocesses best describe the diffusion of soybean production through time and space, one characterizing the early stages of diffusion and one the later stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the increased interest of planning in the U.S. According to the article, Americans publish only one periodical whose title includes the term of plan, however, there is growth of interest in it. It is stated that the examination of pattern variables which were developed by T. Parsons depicts that they cannot be used well. As a result, the authors suggested the use of space and time wherein combinations of time and space and planning are explored. It is also stated that there are two times and two spaces such as planned time and planned space, and work time and work space. Furthermore, division of labor must be planned in the future in which directionality and specifity are present. Thus, it makes out of planning a modern role.

Focuses on several years of analysis of man and the universe. Assumption put forth regarding man and universe; Interpretation of the term space; Gains of space in man and nature.

The article examines the understanding of elementary children on the concepts of space and time. To elaborate on the inquiry, a program for teaching relational concepts of space and time to elementary pupils was demonstrated, which was developed and tested by the Minnemast Project. It deployed thorough observation, comparison and measurement on the part of the children with regards to the spatial and temporal extensions of objects and events as well as the spatial and temporal relations between objects and events. Concepts like space-time coordinates, transformation of coordinates, time-rates and time-dependence and motion were further utilized.

Demonstrates how mathematical analysis can be helpful in solving the problems of organization in which space is a significant factor. Development of the theory; Discussion on the optimum arrangement; Application of the analysis to problems of the organization.

An intensive study was undertaken based upon the chart review of a large number of consecutive male admissions for acute alcohol withdrawal syndromes to a university psychiatric service. Basic psychosocial characteristics were examined along with the characteristics of the presenting picture and the clinical course. The patients had been treated with paraldehyde along principles described elsewhere. The analysis of this data would document an extensive experience gained in a circumscribed zone of time and space. It was expected that it would contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of this group of related withdrawal syndromes by yielding information about etiologic and prognostic factors. It would also summarize and make possible the evaluation of the treatment program. It would also serve to make a large body of data available for subsequent cross-cultural, cross-temporal and cross-therapeutic comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the disorder of human reference-frame in space and time. In physics, space and time have been judged upon the speed of reference-frame under observation relative to the speed of the reference-frame of the observer. However, in human existence, people have innumerable personal points of anatomical and physiological difference that preludes the identity of reference-frames. In the case of disorder patients, they were failed to maintain their space-time integrity, in which they have not adjusted their personal reference-frames to the standards of society.

The article discusses several aspects of logic, time, and geometry. Topics discussed include the nature of temporality, and the notion of simultaneously deforming and modeling time (time of the logos). In addition, reference is made to the operational time, experience of life, and the notions of wisdom.

This paper introduces the concept of "time-indivisibility/' and suggests that it may interfere with optimal allocation of durable resources, and especially permanent resources. Space on the earth's surface is taken as a representative permanent resource. The limitations of leasing and lending as time-dividers are briefly sketched. A simple technique is advanced for analyzing on an annual basis the effects of time indivisibility, and it is demonstrated that permanent goods do not tend to be allocated in keeping with the equimarginal ideal. The technique is further developed to analyze the effects on allocation of depreciation and appreciation, the latter tending to aggravate and the former to meliorate the diseconomies inherent in time-indivisibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the development of the temporal-spatial concept in terms of the spatial idea as a gradual widening of the distance between the ego and the external world. The Temporal-Spatial Concept Scale yields four scores such as Part (I) laterality, Part (II) space, and Part (III) time. Part (IV) Directional Qualities of Language Symbols has been omitted and is being developed as part of the Spatial Perception and Manipulation Test. The first deals with situations involving hours and minutes; the second, calendar time, deals with days, months, and years. There are also items that require a combination of space and time, for example those dealing with the international date line and the gaining and losing of time in travel.

The article explains the Fourth Dimension discovered by Albert Einstein. The Fourth Dimension or time can be explained that an object exist only in a given instant. An object being observed a while ago will not be the same object observe at the moment for it has undergo some change, however slight. Several explanations on the this theory were presented by classifying objects with the use of what, when, where, why and how.

Discusses some scales of space and time that people work with. Nature of matter; Smallest measurement known to man; Length of life of some particles.