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Describes the active RC second-order low-pass filter using two earthed capacitors. Availability of RC low-pass filters; Importance of capacitors on integrated circuit fabrication; Analysis on the effects of finite gain of the operational amplifiers.

A new configuration for realizing all-pass or notch filters using a grounded operational amplifier has been given. A very high input impedance and a very low output impedance can be achieved practically by using two additional operational amplifiers at the input and output ports to act as voltage followers (Genin 1968). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new types of L-R mutators are defined here. These are referred to as type 1b and type 2b L-R mutators. The realization of these active building blocks are given here using the second-generation current conveyor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new realization of the voltage generalized-immittance converter having admittance conversion function proportional to s will be given here using the second-generation current conveyor. The voltage generalized-immittance converter will be used as the active element in realizing stable current transfer functions. The synthesis procedure is considered as an extension to Antoniou's technique of realizing voltage transfer functions. The applicability of the synthesis procedure to realize filters with adjustable cut-off frequencies is illustrated by an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of special types of the generalized-immittance converters will be given here using the second-generation current conveyor. Of particular interest in this paper is the new realization of the voltage generalized-immittance converter having conversion immittance function proportional to s. It will be seen that two realizations exist for each converter.
A special type of the current generalized-immittance converter was recently introduced, and used in one of the recent and most attractive RC active network synthesis procedures (Antoniou 1970). Antoniou (1970) used the operational amplifier as the active building block in the realization of the current generalized-immittance converter.
In a recent publication, Sedra and Smith (1970) introduced the second-generation current conveyor (will be abbreviated here as the current conveyor CC) and used it in the realization of some active network elements. The current conveyor is a versatile building block, as it can be used as a current summer, current differentiator, current integrator, current amplifier, etc.
In this paper the simulation of special types of both voltage and current generalized-immittance converters using the current conveyor will be given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessary and sufficient conditions for realizing a class of three-variable positive real functions of degree one in two variables as the driving-point impedance at port 1 of a reciprocal three-port network in the domain of the higher degree variable, and with a unit inductor or a unit capacitor termination at port 2 in the domain of the second variable, and a unit inductor or a unit capacitor termination at port 3 in the domain of the last variable, are given in this paper.
An example is given to illustrate the synthesis procedure. Extension of the synthesis technique to a class of multivariable positive real functions is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthesis procedure for realizing a class of two-variable positive-real functions bilinear in one variable will be given here. The synthesis technique can be considered as a generalization of Ansell's synthesis procedure of two-variable reactance functions. Two examples will be given to illustrate the applicability of the above result in the synthesis of lumped-distributed structures and variable parameter networks.
The realization procedures of multivariable positive-real functions have been the subject of interest in network theory during the last decade due to their wide applications in the realization of variable parameter networks, distributed and lumped-distributed structures.
Lunelli (1955) outlined a synthesis procedure for realizing a positive real impedance function Z(p), by decomposing the numerator polynomial of dZ(p)/dp, into sums and differences of squares of polynomials. Ansell (1964) gave a two-variable extension of the above result for the case of lossless reciprocal two-variable networks. The applicability of the above result in the realization of a high-degree two-variable reactance functions is limited in scope, as it involves the development of methods for finding the relevant polynomial decomposition, which is a difficult problem. The above problem, however, does not exist in the case of minimal realization of a class of two-variable reactance functions, bilinear in one variable. Here the restriction imposed by Ansell, namely, that the two-variable positive-real function has to be a reactance function, will be overcome, and a more general result will be arrived at, which will be used in realizing a class of two-variable positive-real functions (not necessarily reactance) bilinear in one variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new generation of single variable positive real functions using tho Bessel polynomials is given. It will be shown that the real rational function sB(s)/B(s) is realizable as the driving point impedance (or admittance) of a finite ladder of lumped inductances and capacitances terminated at the output port by a 1 ohm resistor.
Generation of positive real functions is a very important subject in n network synthesis, since it may lead to new synthesis techniques (Bott and Duffin 1949) or in some cases may lead to new coefficient relations (Reza and Bose 1968). The generation of a special class of positive real functions from the real orthogonal polynomials was discussed by Reza and Bose (1967). The main idea in the generation was based on the interlacing of the simple zeros of two successive orthogonal polynomials from the same family. The above idea can be used only in generating a special class of positive real functions, namely, RL, RC or LC functions, where the locations of the poles and zeros are restricted to the real or the imaginary axes respectively. One link between the Bessel polynomials and network theory is well known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general configuration for realizing a high Q notch filter is given. The circuit has a very high input impedance and a very low output impedance. The frequency limitation equations based on the one-pole roll-off model of the operational amplifier are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]