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A suitable callus induction and efficient regeneration protocol for orchardgrass ( Dactylis golomerata L.) was developed. It consisted of 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/l BA + 1 g/l CH + 300 mg/l L-proline + 40 mg/l L-cysteine + 30 g/l sucrose in MS showed the highest percentage of callus induction. Maltose exhibited better in regeneration than other types of carbon sources. Highest (71%) regeneration was obtained from N6 medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 3 mg/l BA + 1 g/l CH + 300 mg/l L-proline + 40 mg/l L-cysteine + 30 g/l maltose. Among the nine cultivars of orchardgrass ( Dactylis golomerata L.), genotypic variation was observed in both callus induction and regeneration. Overall callus induction and regeneration rates were 23 - 73 and 17 - 71%, respectively. Key words: Dactylis golomerata , Orchardgrass, Mature seeds, Additives, Regeneration, Maltose. D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3240 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17 (2): 193-207, 2007 (December)

The possibility of selective spread through pyramidal tract of polio virus was studied with mice inoculated intracerebrally with Lansing strain. The inoculation was made mainly into the right cerebral hemisphere.Results obtained indicated that the number of mice showing paralysis only right leg (identical side for the inoculation) was about equal to that showing paralysis only on the left leg (opposite side for the inoculation) either in the group inoculated with virus of 3000×LD50 or 30×LD50.No coclusive evidence, therefore, was obtained as to the reality of the “pyramidal tract spread” theory of polio virus.

A modified sporulation medium for Clostridium perfringens was formulated in which a larger number of spores were produced than in SEC broth and in which spores of greater heat resistance were produced than in Ellner's medium when it was also used as the suspending medium. This modified medium consisted of 1.5% peptone; 3.0% Trypticase; 0.4% starch; 0.5% NaCl; and 0.02% MgSO 4 . The addition of 0.1% sodium thioglycolate and 0.0001% thiamine hydrochloride was optional. The optimal temperature for sporulation of five strains was 37 C in comparison with 5, 22, and 46 C. Sporulation had occurred by 6 hr and was essentially complete after 20 hr at 37 C. Noyes veal broth without glucose also supported the formation of heat-resistant spores but in smaller numbers than did the modified medium. Very low numbers of spores, or none, were produced under the same conditions in pea or tuna slurries.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common interstitial deletion syndrome. Major clinical manifestation includes hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidim. At least 10% of the patients with this syndrome had hypocalcemic seizures which are generally improved over the first year of life because of the increase of parathyroid gland hypertrophy and dietary calcium intake. We present two cases of this syndrome diagnosed in 12-year-old boys with new onset hypocalcemic seizures. This case report hopes to call attention to this syndrome as a potential cause of hypocalcemic seizures even after the neonatal period. Furthermore, our first patient showed inheritance from a paternal deletion which is not as common as maternal deletions. This is the first case report of hypocalcemic seizure with a paternally inherited 22q11.2 deletion in Korea.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung can be divided into low grade and high grade varieties, like their major salivary glands counterparts. This carcinoma comprises only. about 0.5% of all pulmonary neoplasma. Their clinical and biologic behaviors are closely related with histologic grade of carcinoma. We have experienced two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Case 1 occurred in a 16 years old male and showed the histologic features of low grade type. This carcinoma arised from the right upper lobe bronchus which was removed by the right upper lobectomy. Case 2 occurred in a 41 year old male was the high grade carcinoma located at the distal left main bronchus which was removed by the left pnemonectomy.

This paper presents a unified graphical approach to the analysis of an electrical network which contains linear multi-terminal devices such as vacuum tubes, transistors, transformers, gyrators, circulators, etc. The concept of the mathematical equivalent circuit of an active device or a passive but mutually coupled device which was introduced by Percival, is related to the indefinite admittance matrix of a multipole defined by Zadeh and Shekel. Various graphical formulas for the evaluation of network functions of a multipole are shown, including the node-condensation techniques. A number of examples are presented.

This paper considers the topological relationships for the various combinations of two terminal-pair networks that may be useful in analysis as well as in synthesis of networks. These results are obtained by means of topological identities of a two terminal-pair network that contains no transformer. The necessary conditions of the transfer function for the physical realizability are also derived. Application of the topological formulas to the evaluation of network functions is illustrated with an example.

Purpose Pediatric-type sarcomas such as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing sarcoma (EWS), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT) are rare in adults, with limited studies on their prognosis and optimal treatment strategies. We aimed to examine the outcome of children and adult patients with RMS, EWS, PNET, and DSRCT and relevant prognostic factors. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 220 pediatric-type sarcoma patients at a single institution between 1985 and 2011. Comparisons were made in order to examine differences in demographics, disease characteristics, and survival. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models. Results A total of 220 consecutive patients were identified at our institute. Median age was 15.6 years (range, 0 to 81 years) and there were 108 children (49%) and 112 adult patients (51%). According to histological classification, 106 patients (48.2%) had RMS, 60 (27.3%) had EWS, 50 (22.7%) had PNET, and 4 (1.8%) had DSRCT. With a median follow-up period of 6.6 years, the estimated median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 75 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.2 to 122.8 months) and median event-free survival (EFS) for all patients was 11 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 13.2 months). No significant difference in OS and EFS was observed between adults and children. In multivariate analysis, distant metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.617; 95% CI, 1.022 to 2.557; p=0.040) and no debulking surgery (HR, 1.443; 95% CI, 1.104 to 1.812; p=0.012) showed independent association with worse OS. Conclusion Metastatic disease and no surgical treatment are poor prognostic factors for OS among pediatric-type sarcomas for both adults and children.

A new approach is presented for finding a chromatic partition of the nodes of an arbitrary, finite, connected, linear graph. Based on this approach, three algorithms are presented which require much less enumeration than conventional procedures. In fact, hand computation time is reduced from hours to minutes.

The nature of the soluble receptor-estrogen complexes and the changes that they undergo during the binding of estradiol have been investigated. Soluble receptors from mature rat uteri exist in multiple forms some of which require the presence of imidazole compounds or ribonuclease in order to bind the hormone in vitro . Raising the temperature to 23 or 37° during the binding process activates another fraction of the receptors. Pretreatment of the soluble extract of uteri at 37° sensitizes the native 9-S receptors so that they dissociate to 4-S units upon binding the hormone at 0°. In contrast to the 4-S unit obtained in the salt dissociation of the native 9-S receptor, this 4-S form does not reassociate or form hybrids with fresh receptor units when centrifuged through a low-salt gradient. A relationship of this 4-S unit to the 5-S receptor in the nucleus is discussed with respect to a possible biological action of the receptor.

Surface topography and defect structures associated with ballistic impact in a commercial 94 percent alumina ceramic armor are described. Fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy, augmenting previous replication electron fractography studies. Direct transmission electron microscopy was employed in characterizing defect structures in extracted fracture fragments on replicas and in thin foils taken from bulk polycrystalline alumina in undamaged and damaged states. A variety of dislocation interactions and tangled masses of dislocations with densities as high as 2 x 10 to the 11th power/sq cm have been observed near intersecting surfaces in thin fracture fragments. Similar deformation textures within the bulk have been observed in impact-damaged alumina for a distance of at least 20 micrometers beneath a fracture surface. Localized plastic flow is most prominently evidenced in the case of cracks which are intersecting at acute angles to create fracture fragments, and in worked zones abutting propagating cracks in more massive material. These observations strongly support the concept that portions of the high stresses concentrated at the tips of propagating cracks during an impact event are relaxed by plastic deformation processes, thereby absorbing excess energy and/or delaying the fracture process to some degree. (Author)

Transmission electron micrographs are presented which show evidence of plastic deformation in the form of high densities of dislocations and twins in the subsurface of the crater area of polycrystalline alumina cutting tools. The inverse dependence of crater area on hardness for four different tool materials suggests that plastic flow controls the rate of crater wear.

Decapitation of gravid females initiated oviposition in three species of crane-flies, Nephrotoma ferruginea, Tipula abdominalis, and Tipula sp. near ultima. Decapitated females of N. jerruginea laid, on the average, 309 eggs of which 82.9% hatched. Zusammenfassung DURCH DEKAPITATION HERVORGERUFENE EIABLAGE BEI SCHNAKEN Dekapitation bewirkte bei drei Schnaken-Arten: Nephrotoma ferruginea, Tipula abdominalis und einer ultima nahestehenden Tipula-Art spontan Eiablagen. 17 enthauptete Weibchen von N. ferruginea legten, nach weniger als einer Minute beginnend, durchschnittlich 309 (216–367) Eier auf Fliespapier in Petrischalen ab und lebten bis zu 3 Tagen. Normale Weibchen begannen unter den gleichen Bedingungen erst 4–5 Tage nach der Copula mit Eiablagen, legten aber oft viel weniger und haufig gar keine Eier ab. 309 Eier dekapitierter Weibchen schlupften zu 82,9%, die von normalen zu nur 58,0%. Es wird vermutet, das das Subosophagialganglion die Eiablage hemmt und nur unter gunstigen Umwelt-Bedin-gungen freigibt.

No abstract available

IGHTY per cent of the population of Korea are engaged in cultivation of the soil. The accompanying maps, Figures I to 8, show in a broad way certain relationships between the distribution of the population and the use of the land. The areas of heavy crop production are also the areas of dense population. By far the larger part of the arable land is devoted to the raising of grain. Rice, most important of the cereals produced, occupies one-third of the acreage and is the food staple. Barley, wheat, and millet have a prominent place among other grains. Soy beans are in high esteem, and radishes also. A considerable area is given over to mulberry trees for sericulture.