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A ccording to Henry Kissinger, "decision-making is an elitist exercise...", but the "acid test of a policy is its ability to obtain domestic support."' Domestic support for or opposition to foreign policy is conveyed through public opinion, mass media and interest groups. It expresses itself in various forms, ranging from letter-writing and editorializing to demonstrations and bomb-throwing. The domestic structures function as important inputs into the making of foreign policy, and define the broad internal limits within which decision-makers feel compelled to operate. A similar outer limit, comprising inputs from the international system, forms a constraint on the decision-makers.

Testicular fluid composition and structure epididymal spermatozoa patterns of sperm transport in women and nonhuman primates physiologic mechanisms of sperm transport and survival of spermatozoa in mammals and lower forms of life were topics of papers at the international symposium on the Biology of Spermatozoa Nouzilly France. Development of new contraceptives which would be detrimental to sperm transport in the female reproductive tract is advocated via intravaginal intracervical intrauterine or intraoviductal medicated devices. Capacitation and the 3 enzymes involved in this process are discussed as well as the process of fertilization. 15 areas are suggested for future research and development.

Test results of a segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridge I-beam are presented. The test girder was manufactured from short precast segments which were joined together and post-tensioned, after which a deck slab was cast on the top. The girder, 92 feet long, was cast in eleven segments: nine segments of eight feet each and two end blocks of ten feet each. The assembled girder was then post-tensioned using two bonded tendons. The girder was made composite with a six-inch thick, six-foot wide, cast-in-place deck slab. The composite girder was then load tested, predominantly in flexure and its behavior, under working, cracking, and ultimate loads is reported. It is concluded that the performance of the segmentally constructed girder, under service as well as ultimate load, is comparable to that of a monolithic girder. /Author/

The use of high-strength thin steel tubes filled with expansive cement concrete results in the fabrication of very efficient composite columns. An optimization study shows that the condition for achieving maximum elastic range during loading of such columns is that the ratio between the longitudinal and the circumferential stresses in the steel tube developed prior to loading, due either to expansion or other means of prestressing, should be the same as that induced by the loading. Results obtained in previous investigations shows that the ratio of circumferential to longitudinal stresses in the steel tube due to expansion of the concrete prior to loading is considerably larger than that induced during loading. The writers investigated experimentally the use of circumferential prestressing of the empty steel tube for improving such a ratio. The evaluation of the results obtained in the experiments carried out on four short high-strength thin-wall steel tubes, proved the validity of the results obtained in the optimization studies and shows that the initial prestressing not only increases the available elastic range of the composite element for service load but also increases its inelastic range with consequent improvement of ultimate strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity.

The images of America as held by foreigners have been of great interest to social scientists in the last two decades (Buchanan, 1954; Beals, 1954; Washington, 1956; Bell, 1960). Such interest bearing on the cold war and global rivalries needs no elaboration. Of particular importance are images held by elites in developing nations. Their views are crucial in determining the nature and extent of commitments that their countries will make to the Eastern or the Western centers of power. In this article the images of the United States and the Soviet Union as held by Arab students will be analyzed before and after the June War of 1967. The students in question were studying in this country, and over half of them are in graduate schools. The group as a whole has been ideologically oriented and politically active. Like their counterpart in Europe the Arab students in the United States not only have a powerful organization (the OAS with 10,000 members in 130 chapters) but also have been vocal and influential in affecting decision-making in their homelands. Scores of the alumni of the Organization of Arab Students in recent years have occupied strategic positions in their countries ranging from heads of states to cabinet members, from members of revolutionary councils to ambassadors, and from opposition leaders to high bureaucrats.

The purpose of this article is to analyze a case of cross-cultural interaction as it bears on attitude formation and attitude change. Three hypotheses on the relationship between interaction, perception, and attitude are tested. Two sets of survey data on the Arab students' experience in the United States were collected before and after the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. In absence of conflict (before the war) the Arab students' attitudes toward Americans seemed to be a function of (a) the students' perception of Americans' attitude toward the Arabs, and (b) the extent to which the students interact with Americans. Under conditions of crisis or conflict, however, the students' attitudes toward Americans seemed to be mainly a function of how they perceived Americans' attitudes toward the Arabs.