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The parotid gland and knee joint of immunized ruts were challenged with the sensitizing antigen. Sialoadenitis developed in over half of these rats alter one and three challenges via the parotid duct. On the other hand, most glands were normal after five, seven and eight intraductal challenges in spite of the presence of precipitating antibodies in the serum and hemagglutinating antibodies in the parotid saliva; in only a few animals did chronic destructive adenitis ensue. This contrasted with the incidence and severity of synovitis, which increased with the number of intra-articular injections of antigen, The non-reactivity of the gland is antigen specific in as much as acute adenitis resulted from intraductal instillation of a second antigen following multiple challenges with another one in rats sensitized with two antigens. The results evince a difference in the local reactivity between the salivary gland and synovial membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The light chain ratio in IgG eluted from rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane was studied using quantitative immunodiffusion. The ratio obtained in synovial IgG was different from that of IgG in peripheral blood. in several instances a marked domination of one type light chain was noted in the eluted IgG, which also showed I limited electrophoretic dispersion on immunoelectrophoresis. This suggests that synovial IgG in rheumatoid arthritis is antibody, and not derived non-specifically from the immunoglobulin pool. Lambda type light chains dominated over kappa type in most eluates, suggesting preferential involvement of cells producing lambda type molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mixed immunofluorescent staining method for the detection of immune complexes in the tissues is described. This method demonstrated the presence of IgG-rheumatoid factor and IgG-β1C complexes in synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synovitis was produced in immunized guinea-pigs and rats by injection of antigen into the knee joint. The reaction was mainly mononuclear at 48 hours and, in the guinea-pig, progressed to chronic granuloma formation. Antigens principally used were bovine γ-globulin and tuberculin PPD. Immune deviation, giving a diminished delayed hypersensitivity response, also gave diminished synovial inflammation when compared with undeviated control animals. Immune synovitis to tuberculin PPD was successfully transferred with peritoneal cells taken from immunized animals and given intravenously to normal recipients whose knee joints were injected with antigen. Intravenous transfer of immune serum gave rise to a synovial reaction to bovine γ-globulin, injected into recipients' joints. Transfer of both cells and serum gave rise to particularly severe reactions. Transfer of either cells or serum or cells with serum failed to give reactions extending beyond 34 days. This suggests that active immunization is a requisite for the chronic inflammatory reaction of synovitis. Although the 48-hour synovial membrane reaction of rats was similar to that seen in the guinea-pig, chronic inflammatory reactions were not found in that species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites a study conducted by the author, which tested the immunofluorescent demonstration of an immunoglobulin complex in synovial lining cells of rheumatoid synovial membrane. In the study, synovial tissues obtained at arthrotomy or by needle biopsy were digested with trypsin, and suspensions of synovial cells were isolated. Immunofluorescent staining of these cells has shown the simultaneous presence of immunoglobulin G and the beta component of complement in the cytoplasm of most of the phagocytic lining cells of fifteen of seventeen synovia obtained from both seropositive and seronegative patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This staining pattern was not found in synovial cells obtained from patients with other inflammatory or non-inflammatory arthritides.

Deals with cases of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Clinical picture of a hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; Etiology; Pathophysiologic spectrum.

Presents information on a study which reported two unusual findings in the synovial fluid from patients with Reiter's syndrome, which are higher hemolytic complement levels and the presence of macrophages. Patient information; Synovial fluid examination; Information on synovial fluid findings; Discussion on synovial fluid cytology.

Reports on the results of a pathologic examination of the synovial membranes of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Limitation in motion of interphalangeal joints; Symptoms of joint disease; Hemagglutination reaction.

Examines consecutive punch biopsies of synovium taken from patients seen in the Presbyterian-Woman's Hospital and the Rheumatology Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pennsylvania. Histologic appearance of the biopsy specimens; Changes in knee synovium in relation to age; Correlation between clinical status of the joint disease and histologic appearance of the synovium.

This study delineates the fine structural characteristics of the synovial lining cells in the rat squamosal-mandibular joint. The synovial lining contained three types of cells: type A, type B, and fibroblast. The type A and type B cells were identified predominantly in the villus-containing portion of the synovial membrane. Fibroblasts, however, were observed usually as synoviallining cells along the walls of the joint cavities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about synovial membrane. The synovial membrane helps to interline joints and are rich in blood vessels. It consists cells which swelter mucin. The membrane has high viscosity due to mucin. The presence of mucin in the synovial fluid helps to improve the lubricating quality. Fibrinogen is not present in the normal fluid. The normal fluid is yellow in color, sticky and saline in reaction.

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Intracellular rheumatoid factor activity is found mostly in IgM plasma cells of rheumatoid synovial membranes from seropositive patients, while tissues from seronegative patients nearly always lack free rheumatoid factor. However, rheumatoid factor activity can be revealed in a considerable number of IgG plasma cells by pepsin digestion of tissues both from seropositive and seronegative patients. This activity has been further characterized by sequential double immunofluorescence staining. It was demonstrated in plasma cells representing each of the four IgG subclasses. The proportion of rheumatoid plasma cells with this activity varied in tissues from different individuals, but in some seronegative cases about 50% or more of the IgG plasma cells contained such 'hidden' rheumatoid factor. Most of the IgG rheumatoid factors in plasma cells possessed the ability to react with several IgG subclass proteins, and were thus often directed against antigens common to two or more subclasses. The results gave evidence of intracellular blocking of rheumatoid factor activity, due to IgG-IgG rheumatoid factor complexes. Additional evidence of such plasma cell complexes was obtained by observing an in vitro fixation of the complement components Clq and C3 to such cells. The fixation of aggregated IgG to extracellular deposits and to inclusions in synovial lining cells and joint fluid leukocytes was due to Clq as well as to rheumatoid factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editorial. Focuses on the ultrastructure of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Information on the synovial lining cells in rheumatoid arthritis; Nature of rheumatoid arthritis; Fibroblasts of the synovial lining.