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The article presents a discussion on the survival of the human race with specific reference as to what kind of form it will take. Professor Gerald Fienberg contends that the advancement in the technological world has brought radical changes to the external environment that man has the responsibility to preserve. The question of survival according to him now takes another level as to the determination of what form it will take in light of sustainable development. Environmental changes has been for sometime moved for the betterment of the existence of man, the improvement of the human life. Furthermore, the determination as to whose shoulder lies the responsibility of keeping the existence of man from extinction should not be left to authorities, for each is responsible for his actions.

The article presents a discussion on human survival, focusing on the option of making the perpetuation of the human race a primary positive goal in a thermodynamic view. The choice to make survival a primary option is not going to deprive man of its freedom of choice or the task of determining over what to do next. Man in his lifetime is presented with countless numbers of alternative choices, and these choices are connected to another, affecting one another that collectively it determines history or the future of man. In man's effort to survive, there are two societal considerations that matter, the stable and the unstable considerations. For a society to survive it has to make a distinction between the two and focus on the keeping the distinction while maneuvering towards stability.

The article discusses the distinctive attributes of Chumash Indians that enabled them to adapt in Ventura, California. Despite the exceptional population density, 8,000-10,000, the geographic aspects of the site like the Channel marine life, the beach, the river and the mountainous outback had provided food, fibers and materials for artifacts to the natives. With these they have developed a seagoing canoe that improve their efficiency in fishing, hunting and gathering.

The article discusses the application of the concept of survival in the science of sociology. A custom is to be regarded as a survival if its nature cannot be explained by its present utility but only becomes intelligible through its best history. The idea of survival still holds good whether human institutions have come into existence by a simple process of evolution, whether they have been the outcome of the blending of peoples, or whether there has been a combination of the two processes. There must be psychological processes of some kind underlying the continuity of human activity shown in survivals, and chief among these is that mental disposition which is called conservatism. The proper task of the sociologist is the study of the correlation of social phenomena with other social antecedents, and only when this has been done, or at any rate when this process has made far greater advances than at present, will it be profitable to endeavor to explain the course of social life by psychological processes. This view of sociology may be expressed in another way by saying that sociology ought to be treated as one of the historical sciences in the sense in which geology is a historical science.

The article discusses on the theory of survival of the fittest in welfare. Charles Darwin's idea of survival of the fittest has led to the idea that conflict is the fundamental law of nature which states that those who survive transmit their fitter characteristics to their offsprings, and that the process of biological selection leads to a gradual change for the better in each generation. The theory has the corollary which relates that social fitness is an inherited characteristic, correlated directly to biological fitness, and that social fitness can be measured by the social success or failure of the person.

The article discusses the Darwinian theory of natural selection with respect to various mythological concepts about the biological world. The theory of natural selection is considered crucial in determining the world's biological composition. According to this theory, physical and biological phenomena affect individual or species survival. Likewise, species can influence the way in which environment affects them. Most of the traditional concept also refer the concept of natural selection as embodying forces of nature that affect survival. The term "natural" means to forces regarding which members of a species have no control and can make no useful adjustment, or adaptation. The degree of adjustment, however, varies with complexity of the organism. Some new concepts argue about the existence of many "artificial" influences that are more influential than "natural" influences. The knowledge and tools which humans, as a natural organism, has used over the year have varied, according to the accumulation which makes up the richness and orientation of culture at a particular time or place. According to mythological concepts, the competencies which humans use now to influence their environment have developed from those used by their ancestors.

The article focuses on the long range problem of human survival in the nuclear age. Then power unleashed by modern science presents only two alternatives: an enriched world at peace or a radioactive rubbish heap. The highest social responsibility of science teachers is now to exercise their unique opportunities to further that vital endeavor. In emphasizing the contribution to human survival of science education in general, one should not overlook those branches of science which address themselves directly to the problem of preventing war.

The article presents the implications of the findings of the study about the annual cohort of births in a technologically underdeveloped community. It focuses on the design of a community study, on the ecologic strategy used in the study, and on the initial characteristics of the birth cohort. The results related to the physical conditions of the infant and his survival and functional abilities and their manifestations in his motor and adaptive functioning are discussed. The factors which influence the child's size at birth are also offered.

The article cites a study which examines the relationships between attitudes of combat air crew members toward their personal adequacy for survival under emergency conditions and problems of training combat air crews for survival. The subjects of the study were 500 combat air crew members undergoing training at the Strategic Air Command Survival School located at Camp Carson, Colorado. The data on which the study was based were collected from two classes. The first consisted of 24 FEAF replacement crews and the second consisted of 22 SAC crews from 13 different Air Force bases plus two crews of Navy and Marine personnel. The pre-training measures were administered during the first day of training and the post-training measures were administered on the last day of training after the return to Camp Carson. For purposes of statistical analysis, individual gains on the achievement examination were computed and entered in cells according to the pre- and post-attitude responses of the particular trainee.

The research project described in this article is a part of a program of research designed to develop a psychology of survival. Survival, as used in this project means to live where others would die and is specifically concerned with survival problems of air force personnel forced down over enemy territory. The specific purpose of the project described in this article is to develop concepts concerning group functioning under survival conditions which might be useful in training combat air crews to behave effectively under the stress of survival situations. A variety of methods has been used in the study. Methodologically, these studies include: A survey of the relevant literature, the analysis of survival experiences taken from interviews with men who have been downed in enemy territory, and laboratory and field experiments. Some of the studies concerned with small group behavior include: group decision making, organization for survival, perception of group functioning, status relationships, fear, conflict, and set.

The author suggests that better teaching is measured not in the amount of knowledge given to students but whether the students are able to apply what they learned to practical life skills. Knowledge is nothing until it is applied for practical ends. What is needed is not an overabundance of knowledge but greater significance to the knowledge obtained.