Search

Several excerpts are presented including the initial injection of the iodine-131 into the stratosphere as a result of the nuclear weapons testing, biological effects of the nuclear weapons to the public health, and the accurate and complete data of the people predicted to have levels of strontium-90 in the body from the past weapons tests during the Research, Development, and Radiation of the congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy on June 4-7, 1962.

The article focuses on the fallout and the rice contamination in Japan. The accumulation shows that the fallout in Japan is normal and the contamination of the 1956 rice harvest by strontium-90 has been found to be rather serious. The Japanese data are in good accordance with the data obtained by other countries in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. This indicates that a considerable fraction of strontium-90 has been retained directly on the surfaces of the crops, not absorbed indirectly through the roots. The hazardous elements cesium-137 and plutonium-239 have been also detected in the atmosphere, rainwater, soil and foodstuffs in Japan.

The article presents a survey of medical statistics on the fallout of population in Australia over the past 25 years in relation with the nuclear tests that have conducted within that period. The increase in the incidence of leukemia is the most sensitive indicator of a detrimental effect on a nation's health which has resulted from the ingestion of radioactive materials during the testing of nuclear weapons. Among the hazardous substances include strontium-90, cesium-137 and iodine -131 which can be injected into the stratosphere and the troposphere.

The author discusses the questions concerning relative doses of strontium (Sr)-90 in experimental animals and man. He pointed out that leveling trend in infant mortality is cannot be due to a natural minimum having been reached, not only as congenital malformations account the infant deaths. On the other hand, main argument links to the amounts of Sr-90 used in animal experiments. Furthermore, he describes the clues of unforeseen action of Sr-90, first was peak of infant mortality do not occur immediately after a nuclear test, and the other came from the work of Walter A. Muller, in which he measured the actual dose to the gonads of male mice following the injection of Sr-90.

An examination has been made of the hypothesis that the role of divalent cations in promoting reaggregation of dissociated cells is principally to reduce the negative electrostatic charge at the cell surface. This hypothesis would suggest that cells in the presence of different divalent cations would reaggregate at identical rates if the concentrations of the different cations were so adjusted that in all cases the cells possess the same charge. This expectation has not been fulfilled. Magnesium ion was most effective in promoting reaggregation, calcium somewhat less so, and strontium and barium had little or no effect. Copyright © 1966 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

Of the four common alkaline earth cations, only Ca++ is able to protect Rana pipiens embryos from dissociation of the epidermis into isolated cells by EDTA. Presumably this is because only Ca++ is able to satisfy the divalent cation requirement for cellular adhesion in this tissue. Although early stage embryos are completely dissociable by EDTA, the axial musculature, brain and spinal cord become resistant to dissociation by stage 17. Tetraphenyl boron is also effective in disaggregating amphibian embryo tissues. Copyright © 1968 Wiley‐Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company

Supplying nitrate to N-depleted wheat seedlings (Triticum vulgare cv. Knox) stimulated the uptake and translocation of both 85Sr and 45Ca. Since the increase in 45Ca accumulation was greater , the 85Sr/45Ca ratio in the exchangeable fraction on the root tissue and translocation to shoots. The increase in percent transported to shoots occurred largely in the period of most rapid nitrate uptake. A split root study indicated that nitrate was ineffective when it was supplied to a different portion of the root system than that exposed to 85Sr and 45Ca. Nevertheless, ammonium and urea also increased the translocation of the two cations , indicating that the effects of nitrate could not entirely be ascribed to a direct of the nitrate anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the distribution of strontium (Sr[sup 2+]) in limestones on Barbuda. Sr[sup 2+] content proportional to the aragonite content; Sr[sup 2+] content of calcite; Comparison of Sr[sup 2+] content of calcite in Barbuda with that of Barbados; Diagenesis of aragonite in Barbudan limestone.

Presents a study of strontium-90 retention in infants that was undertaken by the Bureau of Radiological Health to contribute to data toward the development of radiation protection standards for infants. Description of the long-term balance study as carried out in the home; Summary of the intake, fecal excretion, and urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus; Discussion of strontium-90 balances and its relation to stable strontium and calcium models.

Studies the contamination of radioactive substance strontium 90 in maize fields and two natural ecosystems dominated by marsh of narrow leaved cattail Typha angustifolia and an oakwood Quercus rubra at Cedar Creek Natural History Area in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Comparison of strontium 90 movement in herbaceous and woodland ecosystem; Uniformity in the accumulation of strontium 90 in terrestrial ecosystem in comparable localities.

Chlorococcum echinozygotum Starr was grown in a modified Bristol's solution, and in the same medium in which strontium had been substituted for calcium. After 3 and 6 weeks growth, cells were transferred to fresh Bristol's solution overnight to initiate motile cell production. Dividing cells were fixed ion 2.0% K permanganate, and embedded in Epon. The ultrastructure of several staged in the life history of the organism is described. Light and electron microscopic observations indicate that progressive cleavage of the protoplast occurs, as well as the previously reported successive bipartitioning. A Sr replacement for Ca in the growth medium apparently has no demonstrable effects on the development of cell organelles in C. echinozygotum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of several divalent cation on cell adhesion was estimated in monolayer cell cultures. The exclusion of the divalent cations (Ca and Mg) from Hanks' balanced salt solution resulted in rapid cell detachment from the glass substratum. Detached cells would reattach when these divalent cations again were introduced into the medium. Other divalent cations were found to have effects similar to those of calcium or magnesium on cell detachment and reattachment, with the exception of strontium which showed no interference with cell contact abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of thermal neutron activation and gamma ray spectrometry the concentrations of chloride, bromide, copper, manganese, sodium and strontium have been analyzed in supra- and subgingival calculus from the same teeth of adult humans. Although all the elements analyzed, except manganese, showed higher concentration levels in the subgingival than in the supragingival calculus, the difference was statistically significant only for sodium and strontium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmembrane potentials of cardiac Purkyně fibres were measured in Na free Sr Tyrode. The Sr action potential is characterized by a very low rate of depolarization (6 V/sec in 10 mM Sr), an overshoot without spike and a long plateau; it was conducted in an all-or-none way at 0.15 m/sec. The existence of a regenerative increase of the conductance for Sr ions was demonstrated by measuring the change of the overshoot and rate of depolarization as a function of the extracellular Sr concentration and by determining membrane slope conductance and voltage clamp currents. The mechanism of the increase in Sr conductance differs from the rise of Na conductance: activation and inactivation are slower; inactivation by depolarization is shifted to lower membrane potentials; the overshoot and ( dV/dt)max increased in the presence of adrenaline, were not affected by TTX and were inhibited by Ca and Mn ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural history of mycosis fungoides (MF) in21 patients is noted and discussed with particular reference to the response to therapy with superficial x-rays (16 patients) and beta rays from a Strontium 90 source (5 patients). Useful palliation, which is not related to the duration of the disease, is obtained with either treatment but the convenience and safety of Strontium 90 make this form of treatment preferable to superficial x-rays. It is suggested that beta ray therapy from a Strontium 90 source is the treatment of choice for MF presenting as excessive pruritus, widespread erythema and lichenification, exfoliation or as palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-four patients with resistant patches of eczema and 6 patients with resistant patches of psoriasis have been treated with beta rays using a Strontium 90 source. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained with other similar methods of treatment. It is concluded that in carefully selected patients with benign dermatoses beta ray therapy from a Strontium 90 source is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of dehydrocholic acid and bromsulfalein on the dialysis behaviour of strontium and calcium present in the bile of chronically strontiumburdened, growing rats has been studied. Dehydrocholic acid reduces those fractions of the bile in which the calcium and strontium are associated with substances of high molecular weight (> 5000); bromsulfalein increases the diffusable fraction containing strontium and calcium. The effects are related to the choleretic property of the dehydrocholic acid and the anticholeretic property of bromsulfalein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the impact of strontium on the histology of rat teeth. Researchers provided strictly regulated diets to rats which were deficient in calcium, but included strontium. They found that strontium caused increased production of dentin as well as bone growth. These growths were significant, but were uncalcified.

The influence of the stem on delivery of Ca Sr to the plant top was studied by noting the extent to which the stem interfered with through passage of these elements. Tagged Ca Sr solutions were forced through bean stem sections, and solute which completed passage to the exudate was considered indicative of the nutrition normally available to the plant top. Tests were conducted over two widely different xylem stream flow rates, and with or without the addition of dinitrophenol to the source solution. Approximately identical amounts of cation were introduced into the stem for all test situations. In all cases, the stem retained the bulk of introduced cation and allowed only a fraction (ca 25 percent) to complete passage to the exudate. Within this pattern, less stem retention and greater through passage occurred at the high (versus the low) stream flow rate, and also where dinitrophenol was present in the source solution. In all cases, the stem preferentially retained Sr over Ca so that the exudate was relatively dilute in Sr. Such discrimination was less at the high (versus the low) stream flow rate. It was enhanced by the presence of dinitrophenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water flow through intact plants was altered by adjusting the osmotic pressure of the root solution with polyethylene glycol 6000. The effect of treatment on radiostrontium and radiocalcium uptake was expressed as the Observed Ratio, where O.R.sr", = Ratio: Sr89/Ca45 sample / Ratio: Sr89/Ca45 substrate Adjustments in water flow had no effect on the O.R. of roots. However, O.R. values for stems and leaves (reflecting Sr-Ca passage through the root) declined as water flow declined. Studies were also conducted with decapitated roots in which exudate flow from the cut stein end was altered by application of pressure to the surface of the ambient solution. The O.R. values for exudate also declined as flow declined. These results were taken to indicate that discrimination occurred against strontium passage through the root. The degree of discrimination was conditioned by water flow. Two possible explanations for this phenomenon were discussed. This work was carried out under Contract No. AT (30-1)-2117 of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calcified Tissue Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Divalent cation and phosphorus content of normal and strontium-laden rat maxillary incisors was determined by electron microprobe analysis. A high positive correlation of magnesium and strontium distributions was found. Where strontium was elevated, calcium was only slightly depressed. Phosphorus appeared to be distributed randomly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on how incisor teeth in rats are affected by strontium, fluoride, and parathyroid extracts. The article discusses how the injection of these substances alters the mineralization of teeth and the growth of dentin. Information is also provided on research that involved microradiography, hematoxylin staining, and ulceration examination.

This article reports on the effect of strontium on the dentin of rat incisors. The article also discusses the effect of fluorides on dentin and the fine structure of the matrix. Information is provided on hypomineralization, demineralization, electron microscopy, collagen aggregation, and laboratory rats as well.

The article discusses the effect of metal ions on the relative uptake of calcium and strontium by bone powder in vitro. The authors report that uptake occurs mostly by exchange between liquid and solid. Dental materials and experimental methods used to conduct a study of relative uptake are detailed.

The article focuses on the need for monitoring fallout all over the world relative to the resumption of nuclear testing. According to the author, there are five isotopes that are generally considered to have potentially the most important biological hazards which include strontium 90, strontium 89, cesium 137, iodine 131, and carbon 14. In many parts of the world, monitoring of all or some of these products is going on. Atomic Energy Authority is monitoring the rainwater fallout, while strontium and cesium in drinking water are checked by the Metropolitan Water Board and the Ministry of Housing and Local Government. Other information relative to the matter is provided.

The article reports developments related to radiation researches in the U.S. Health, Education and Welfare Secretary Arthur S. Flemming announced that the government will reduce the level of strontium-90 in food and water. A planned study on the effects of small radiation doses and radioactive material concentration on living organisms will be supported by the Atomic Energy Commission. Dr. E. P. Cronkite and Dr. V. P. Bond analyzes the state knowledge of mortality from large radiation doses.

The article offers news briefs related to radiation in the U.S. A new survey of strontium-90 levels in milk purchased in 26 U.S. cities, seem to indicate a slight rise in the average level. Oceanographer Auguste Piccard expressed fears that deep vertical water currents could spread radioactive wastes dumped in deep-sea areas. The U.S. Public Health Service step-up their efforts focusing on radiation studies.

The article provides information on issues related to nuclear weapon in the U.S. Due to the result of nuclear bomb explosions, the level of concentration of radioactive strontium-90 in the human body has increased to 33 % on June 30, 1957. Biochemist A. Schulert said that the amount of radiation present from strontium-90 was small. On the other hand, a report from the Defense Department and the Australian Electoral Commission states the fortunate twelve-year storage of nuclear weapons in the storage and manufacturing places of the country.

The article presents an assessment of radiation hazard resulting from hydrogen (H) testing in Great Britain. The Council of the Atomic Scientist's Association has revealed that H-bomb explosion in high altitude would leave radioactivity to spread in the atmosphere and descent to the ground. It estimated that continued H-bomb testing would cause damage particularly to reproductive organs and give rise to various illnesses such as bone cancer and leukemia. The council also reported that radioactive substance such as strontium-901 will likely to enter in dairy products and vegetables.

The article offers information on the industrial uses of accumulated fission products. The Stanford Research Institute issued a booklet which underlines the uses of fission products in various industries. The booklet enumerates five fission product characteristics that might be of interest to the industry: their ability to annihilate microorganisms, to ionize gases, to activate phosphors, to induce chemical reactions, and to produce rays which can penetrate solid materials. Some of these products include Strontium, Zirconium, Technetium, Cesium, Ruthenium, and Cerium.