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This document presents discussions of research findings on different aspects of baseball. Discussions of fundamentals and specific skills are presented; selected references follow each chapter. In the chapter on batting the importance of body mechanics, grip, and body rotation to the need for power is discussed. Pitching considerations that are treated include body mechanics, common faults, stride, and speed of pitched balls. Chapter three, concerned with baseball for young Americans, concludes that competition in organized baseball programs is not detrimental to the youngster, with the possible exception of injury to the pitcher's arm. Chapter four discusses baseball strategy, concluding that presentations of research on baseball, such as this, historically are not well heeded by baseball organizers and administrators. Chapters five and six give baseball potpourri, that is, brief discussions of other aspects of the game, such as throwing, reaction time and movement, physical demands of the game, antitrust laws, and the ball. (JA)

The theoretical notions of "grammaticalness" (in terms of sentences of a language) and "competence" (the user's knowledge of grammatical sentences of his language) are tested in one aspect: surface ordering of elements in putative English sentences. This paper reports the results of an initial contrastive experiment, with a sequence of studies to follow. An aphasic individual might be expected to perform differently from a normal individual when asked for judgments of "normality" in putative sentences in his native language. A group of normal subjects and a group of aphasic subjects were asked to: (1) select the one which more closely approximates normal English from a pair of strings of randomly distributed English sentence formatives; (2) rank a given string of randomly distributed formatives on a 1-to-5 scale as to its acceptability as normal English. Results show that both normal and aphasic subjects tend to prefer a given string, regardless of its order in the task, and that rank and preference are highly correlated. Where radical differences were expected, few if any were observed, raising the question of the empirical testability of "linguistic competence," and of its involvement in the behavior of both normal and pathological language users. (Author/JD)

THIS REPORT IS A DISCUSSION OF A STRATEGY DESIGNED TO MEET THE MANPOWER AND PROGRAMMATIC CRISES THAT FACE THE NEW COMMUNITY ACTION AND COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS. IT IS A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR AND THE USE OF INDIGENOUS NONPROFESSIONALS AS "BRIDGEMEN" BETWEEN THE PROFESSIONAL WORKER AND LOW INCOME PEOPLE. THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDIGENOUS NONPROFESSIONAL, THE ISSUES IN TRAINING HIM, AND THE JOBS AVAILABLE FOR HIM ARE DISCUSSED IN THREE SECTIONS OF THE REPORT. A RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. (ES)

TWENTY-EIGHT SS (SUBJECTS) WERE PRESENTED WITH COMPUTER-GENERATED AGRAMMATICAL STATEMENTS, AND ASKED TO CARRY OUT TWO TASKS ON EACH OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL DAYS. TASK 1 WAS A FORCED-CHOICE EXPERIMENT IN WHICH 50 PAIRS OF STATEMENTS WERE PRESENTED AURALLY TO EACH S, WHO HAD TO SELECT THAT MEMBER OF THE PAIR WHICH HE FELT WAS THE BEST APPROXIMATION TO A GOOD ENGLISH SENTENCE. IN TASK 2, SS WERE REQUIRED TO READ AND RANK EACH STATEMENT ON A SCALE RUNNING FROM ONE (COMPLETELY UNACCEPTABLE) TO FIVE (COMPLETELY ACCEPTABLE). A DIFFERENT ORDER OF STIMULUS PRESENTATION WAS EMPLOYED ON EACH EXPERIMENTAL DAY--14 SS WERE ASSIGNED TO ONE ORDER ON DAY 1, AND RECEIVED THE OTHER ORDER ON DAY 2. RESULTS SHOW THAT SS TEND TO PREFER THE SAME STATEMENT OVER ORDERS, AND THAT RANK AND PREFERENCE ARE HIGHLY CORRELATED. THERE ARE CONSIDERABLE DIFFERENCES IN PREFERENCE AMONG THE 50 PAIRS OF STIMULUS ITEMS. PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DATA SUGGESTS THAT THIS TASK MAY YIELD INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE LINGUISTIC AND IN PARTICULAR THE SURFACE SYNTACTIC COMPETENCE OF SS WHEN APPLIED TO AGRAMMATICAL STATEMENTS. SS APPEAR TO BE TRYING TO COPE WITH THE STATEMENTS BY COMPARING THEM TO ACCEPTABLE SEMANTICAL SYNTACTIC PATTERNS. THIS REPORT APPEARS IN "STUDIES IN LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR, PROGRESS REPORT V," SEPTEMBER 1, 1967. (AUTHOR/AMM)