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Estradiol benzoate given into the lateral cerebroventricle of castrate male sheep by single injections at the time of offering fresh food gave a biphasic response in the weight of food eaten in the next 30 min, with significant increases at doses of 10 and 20 μg but significant decreases at doses of 80 μg or above. Single intravenous injections of 20 to 160 μg estradiol benzoate depressed intake only from 30–60 min post injection at doses of 80 μg or more. When ventricular injections were given 1 hr after offering fresh food there was no significant effect at any of the doses tested. In two further experiments 1.88 or 1.25 mg progesterone given intraventricularly at the time of offering fresh food tended to block the intake stimulating effect of 10 or 20 μg estradiol benzoate, respectively.

SummaryExperiments with 40-day-old chicks and 60 weanling Sprague Dawley rats were conducted. The experimental subjects were immunized with jackbean urease injected during the first 4 weeks of experiments lasting 8. weeks. During the 4-8 week or post injection period, the immunized chicks gained 905 g vs. 777 g for their controls and were more efficient in converting feed to weight gain. In 2 successive experiments immunized rats grew slightly faster and showed a difference in feed efficiency which was statistically significant. In both chicks and rats there were no differences in body weight during the 0-4 week injection period. Antibodies to urease were demonstrable in sera of immunized rats by in vivo methods with C-14 urea and by in vitro tests. Soybean diets were fed.

Radiation dose rate in the gamma camera workplace were measured during brain scanning procedures using a dose of 15-20 mCi99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) given intravenously to each patient. The study based on randomly selected 20 patients duly registered for brain scan at Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound (CNMU), Rajshahi. Radiation dose rate at the patienthandling place and computer-operating place were measured by a high sensitive portable dose ratemeter and a NaI detector. Brain imaging procedures were usually done two hours post injection. Radiation dose rate at the patient-handling place found to be 20±4μSvhr-1 and the computer-operating place were 2±0.4μSvhr-1. Patient skull surface doses were measured also and found to be 120±24μSvhr-1 (one hour post injection) and 80±13μSvhr-1 (two hours post injection). The results showed that the radiation dose rate in the gamma camera workplace during brain scanning procedures found to be nearly 6 to 60 times higher than the background level. The research goals of the study were to measure the workplace radiation level during brain scanning procedures and sketched some special remedial measures to reduce the radiation exposure rate in the gamma camera work environment. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3486 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 27-30

The effectiveness of potassium azide (KN₃) as a nitrification inhibitor for field-applied anhydrous NH₃ was evaluated on a Naff silt loam in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) area of eastern Washington. Formulations of KN₃ in liquid NH₃ of 0, 2, and 6% (w/w) were applied to fallow soil in August 1969 at a rate of 112 kg N/ha (81-cm spacing) with a special field applicator. The 2% formulation was also applied at a rate of 224 kg N/ha. The NH₃ retention zone was sampled periodically through February 1970 and analyzed for NH₄⁺-N, NO₂⁻-N, and NO₃⁻-N. Both levels of KN₃ were effective in reducing the nitrification rate during the early post injection period, but the higher level was more effective at later dates. Two months after application, the amounts of NO₃⁻-N recovered from the retention zone as percent of total extractable N were 67, 48, and 36 for NH₃ alone, NH₃ + KN₃ (2%), and NH₃ + KN₃ (6%), respectively. Percentage amounts of NO₃⁻-N decreased with increase in N application rate. Nitrification inhibition due to KN₃ was still evident 6 months after application, particularly at the high N rate. The inhibitory effect of low soil temperature during the winter months was also apparent. These results indicate that KN₃ formulated with anhydrous NH₃ was an effective nitrification inhibitor for this N source.

Female mice of the Taconic Swiss stock were fed one of the three diets described below then injected subcutaneously with 0.035 cm3CCl4/100 gm body weight in a mineral oil solution. One group was fed an adequate commercial laboratory ration, then mice were killed 12, 24 and 48 hours after CCl4; another a cholinedeficient, high-fat, low-protein diet for 14 days, then injected with CCl4, and killed 12, 24 and 48 hours later; and another group, a choline-supplemented (2 gm choline chloride/100 gm diet), high-fat, low-protein diet for 14 days, then injected with CCl4 and killed 24 hours later. In the group fed the normal diet, the polyhalogen produced within 24 hours the expected centrolobular necrosis and glycogen depletion, involving one-third to one-half of the lobular areas. In fatty livers produced by feeding the choline-deficient diet, necrosis at 24 hours post injection was limited in a majority of instances to a zone one or two cells thick immediately surrounding the central vein. Despite this decreased necrosis in fatty livers centrolobular glycogen depletion still involved one-third to one-half of lobules and there was an infiltration of inflammatory cells immediately adjacent to the central vein. The hepatic necrosis at 12 and 48 hours paralleled that in the normal dietary group. Feeding of the choline-supplemented, high-fat, low-protein diet for two weeks produced an extremely limited parenchymal liposis. In such relatively non-fatty livers CCl4 produced hepatic necrosis comparable to that in mice receiving normal diets. The extent of protection from the necrogenic actions of CCl4 was clearly associated with extensive intracytoplasmic liposis of hepatic parenchyma.

Abstract The behaviour of wellhead pressure immediately following the injection of liquids or slurries used in well completion and workover treatments can often indicate the success of the operation. Because the rate of wellhead pressure build-down after injection is related to the transmissibility of the exposed formation to the treating fluid, an interpretation of the success or failure of the fluid to communicate with the reservoir is possible. Treatments designed to plug-up or clean-out formation flow channels can both be evaluated. Several examples are given· which illustrate how immediate estimates of treatment effectiveness and well quality can be made. Such early appreciation can speed completion and workover operations. The importance of improved data collection is stressed and a minor change in fracturing job procedure is suggested. Reference is made to additional knowledge that may be gained by quantitative analysis of post-injection pressures.

The post-injection voltage decay of p+-s-n+ rectifiers is analysed at high carrier levels where the recombination in the heavily-doped end regions is significant. On interrupting the current, the drop in ohmic voltage is followed by a very rapid initial decay of the post-injection voltage, which becomes increasingly important with growing injection level. Hence the initial voltage drop appears larger than the ohmic voltage; from the post-injection voltage, values for the injected carriers concentration are obtained which are too small. The rapid initial decay is followed by a slow and almost linear decay for large base widths. The lifetime determined from this slow voltage decay portion can be equated to the carrier lifetime in the base for an important range of w/L (w base width, L diffusion length), although the recombination in the end regions may be significant. Hence in contrast to the method of stored charge, the post-injection voltage method is suited for a lifetime determination also at these high injection levels. Using the theory, measurements made by both methods are compared. in silicon, a high-level lifetime in the order of 10 μsec is observed to be independent of the injected carrier concentration up to 1017 cm−3.

The influence of /sup 210/Pb on the effective half life of /sup 210/Po in various organs of the male rat was investigated. Male rats were injected with an equilibrium solution of RaDEF. Rats were sacrificed over 140 days post injection and skull, femur, spine, kidney, gonads, spleen, liver, lungs, blood, and heart removed, weighed, and analyzed for their /sup 210/Po and /sup 210/Pb content. The data indicate that soft tissue, half life and distribution values for /sup 210/Po will be influenced by the release of /sup 210/Po from the bone compartment. The results bring into question the MPC values for decay chains (i.e., RaDE F decay chain) in which daughter products can be redistributed to other organs thereby increasing the radiation dose to these organs. (auth)

SummaryIn a group of Swiss albino mice injected with cortisone acetate it was found that 8 hours post injection the spleens contained a significant increase in the number of eosinophilic leucocytes. It is postulated that this may be the locale of the eosinophilic leucocytes during their disappearance from the circulating blood following adrenal cortical stimulation. The number of eosinophilic leucocytes found in the spleen could account for the number that disappeared from the circulating blood following a single injection of cortisone acetate.

Mice were injected with 0.1% solution of apholate and hempa at the rate of 1.5 ml per 100 gm body weight and their bone-marrow cells were fixed at different intervals between 15 min and 144 hr. Specimens injected with distilled water served as controls.Only three aberrations were found in 4,100 metaphases in the control series. In the hempa-treated series, out of 4,100 metaphases examined one chromatid break, one subchromatid break, two gaps and one exchange were found at 24 hr only.In the apholate-treated series aberrations were absent only at 15 min and 144 hr post injection. At other times the aberrations were single chromatid breaks, subchromatid breaks, aniso- and isochromatid breaks, constrictions, gaps and lesions and exchanges. The aberration peak of 28.2% was reached at 24 hr, and fell to 0.3% at 120 hr. The breaks were non-randomly distributed between and within chromosome groups. Groups I and II and distal region of all affected groups were most susceptible.The mode of action of apholate and hempa in the induction of chromatid aberrations in mice, their localization and non-random distribution are discussed. The role of the aziridine groups in inducing aberrations has been considered. It is suggested that the breaks were due to some direct action and that the chromatids of mice contain some weaker regions.

Thailand marihuana plant stock was extracted; purity of the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) obtained was 99% as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography. An aqueous suspension of THC was prepared. Purity of the THC in water remained at 99%. Male albino Holtzman rats were given daily ip injections (3.75–30 mg/kg) of aqueous-suspended THC for 30 days. Animals receiving the highest dose of THC exhibited the following signs approximately 10 min post injection: hypersensitivity to auditory or tactile stimulation, depression, ataxia, lacrimation and diarrhea. Animals receiving lower doses of THC exhibited the same signs but to a lesser degree. At the end of the 30-day test period, the body weight of the highest dose group was significantly less than that of the control group. Increases in the number of large hyperchromatic hepatic cells, some of which were binucleated, were found in some livers at 3 of 4 dose levels. An interesting observation concerning behavior of the animals was that the rats appeared to become more sensitive to THC during the last 10 days of the 30-day test period.

Turkeys injected with a single dose of diethylstilbestrol (DES) (15, 30 or 60 mg) develop a hyperlipoproteinemia which is characterized by a large increase in chylomicrons, a weak pre-beta lipoprotein concentration and an absence of beta- and alpha-lipoproteins. The hyperlipoproteinemia was pronounced between 3 and 12 days post injection. The rate and degree of development of the induced hyperlipoproteinemia is similar for the 3 levels of DES injected. Increased concentrations of cholesterol and protein are found in the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) between 4 and 20 days post injection, while the cholesterol and protein content of the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are greatly reduced. The levels of cholesterol and protein in the LDL HDL HDL return to normal on day 44 post injection.

Turkeys injected with a single dose of DES (15, 30, or 60 mg per turkey) develop an early ultrastructural lesion of atherosclerosis in a preformed, non-lipid plaque of the abdominal aorta 8 hours post-treatment. This lesion consists of altered endothelial cells. Atherosclerotic lesions are increasingly advanced at 1 2 1, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days post-treatment. At 21 and/or 44 days post injection, endothelial cells are highly vacuolated and flattened, and, in addition, sizeable accumulations of lipid-flocculent material separate the overlying endothelium from rows of vacuolated modified smooth muscle cells at the base of the plaque. None of these lesions are dose dependent.

A series of experiments were con- ducted which involved the exogenous administra- tion of progesterone and estrogens to 15 ovariec- tomized ewes. Plasma LH levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and the occurrence of behavioral estrus was determined by vasec- tomized rams. Injection of estradiol benzoate (EDB) either at 2 or at 16 days after the end of progesterone priming produced 2 effects. In- itially, a depression (0-12 hr post injection) of plasma LH, followed by an LH surge (12-24 hr post injection). EDB (50 tig) injected at 2, 8 and 14 days after the end of progesterone priming resulted in typical LH surges to all 3 injections. However, the behavioral responses decreased with repeated injections of EDB. When pro- gesterone was injected simultaneously with EDB on day 2 after the end of progesterone priming, both estrous behavior and the LH surge were totally inhibited but the initial de- pression in plasma LH was still apparent. These data indicate that estrogens exert both negative and positive actions on LH release from the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, and that progesterone exerts a block on only the positive action of estrogen. (Endocrinology 88: 1184, 1971)

The distribution of uranium in rat kidney has been studied by autoradiography and the data compared with that found by radiochemical analysis in order to obtain more information relating to the phenomenon of prolonged retention of uranium by kidneys of rats given an intravenous injection of a large mass of uranium. Dose levels of 10 µg U/kg, 100 µg U/kg, and 1,000 µg U/kg were used. These experiments indicate that retention is significantly higher at the two higher dosage levels than at the lowest level. A concentration ratio, the ratio of the average concentration in the cortex to the average concentration in the entire kidney, was approximately 1.3. At early times postinjection the uranium tracks were observed mainly in proximal tubules, but an increasing proportion of total tracks was in distal tubules as post injection time increased. Leaching and redistribution of uranium, in the processes of preparation, appeared to be negligible. There were indications of a gradient in the cortex when aggregates were counted, but with aggregates excluded the concentrations were similar throughout the cortex. Proximal tubules of damaged kidneys did not show a change in diameter from those of normal kidneys, but glomeruli in injected rats tended to bemore » smaller than in uninjected rats. Histopathological changes up to 28 days postinjection were striking at high dose levels.« less

The antivertigincras potency of the new drug Sulpirid which has no sedative side effect, was studied in 24 cases of peripheral and central vestibular lesions. Criteria of efficiency was the diminution of the intensity of pathologic spontaneous nystagmus registered by ENG. The patients taking part in the tests were divided into three groups: The first group was given NaCl-solution, the second group obtained 1.43 mg Sulpirid, the third one 2.86 mg Sulpirid/kg body weight. After i. m. injection of 2.86 mg/Sulpirid/kg bath parameters, frequency (p=0.02) and sum of the slow phases per minute (p=0.01) showed significant depression of spontaneous nystagmus (Wilcoxon matched pair test). The maximum effect was found at 36 min post injection.

Hypocalcemia often follows NaHCO3 therapy for acidosis in premature infants. The correlation of this phenomenon with weight and gestational age suggests that functional hypoparathyroidism may permit a substantial shift of calcium to bone when H+ concentration falls. We find that rats injected with NaHCO3 show hypocalcemia inversely proportional to age. Post injection levels were 9.3 mg% in 350 gm rats, 8.3 mg% at 65 gm, and 7.6 mg% at 7 gm. Subcutaneous injection of parathyroid extract (PTE) prevented the hypocalcemic response to bicarbonate. This protective effect was present at 2, 4 and 8 hours after PTE injection but was gone by 16 hours. At the same intervals, rats receiving PTE but no NaHCO3 were not hypercalcemic. The ability of PTE to avert post-bicarbonate hypocalcemia is consistent with the view that bone is the site of calcium sequestration. The duration of PTE effect and the absence of hypercalcemia suggest the possibility that PTE may be clinically useful if the response of the human neonate proves to be analogous to thpt of the infant rat.

ALTHOUGH chronic respiratory disease (CRD) flocks have been established experimentally, birds free of CRD are not available to most hatcheries. Researchers commonly agree that Mycoplasma (MP) contribute to the development of the CRD complex. If some means could be discovered to control the various strains of MP, major progress in the control of CRD would be accomplished. Therefore, some means of controlling or eradicating MP and the losses resulting from CRD is urgently needed. Fahey and Crawley' reported that chlortetracycline (CTC) 200 gm per ton of feed reduced the mortality, improved feed conversion and retarded or completely suppressed the MP antibody response. Olesiuk, et al. fed 600 gm CTC per ton of feed for 14 days post injection and found a slight decrease in signs and lesions of CRD. Hofstad2 believed that treatment with CTC (200 to 400 gm per ton of feed) was