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Concerned with clarifying some of the more complex issues in drug abuse, the National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information has prepared this special report on methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), commonly called Mellow Drug of America. Background information is provided through a summary of its history, legal status, and the opinions of authorities in the field. Significant research on the subject is presented together with major findings on various aspects of the problem. The pharmacology, chemistry, clinical effects (physiological, psychological, and subjective), and patterns of use of the drug are dealt with. Bibliographic references are also listed. (BL)

Concerned with clarifying some of the more complex issues in drug abuse, the National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information has prepared this special report on methaqualone. Background information is provided through a summary of its history, legal status, and the opinions of authorities in the field. Significant research on the subject is presented together with major findings on various aspects of the problem. The pharmacology, chemistry, addiction potential, patterns of use, physiological effects, therapeutic use, and treatment for overdose of the drug are dealt with. Bibliographic references are also listed. (BL)

Psychophysiological research into the effects of mass media, specifically the music of the masses, promises increased insight into the control the media exert on all their consumers. Attention and retention of mass media messages can be tested by measuring the receiver's electrodernal activity, pupil dilation, peripheral vasodilation, and heart rate. These measurements give some indication of the communicative effectiveness of a media message, but, in the case of mass music, attention and retention are low among its users despite the high popularity of the music. The cognitive processes that come into action in response to music do not display traditional patterns of inductive logic but rather can be called "subtractive induction" since attention and retention do not increase with the repetition of the stimuli. (CH)

Achievement in earning grades in high school was resolved into its intellectual and motivational components. This study employed tests of I.Q., personality inventories and classical and operant conditioning of autonomic nervous system controlled variables. Eleven procedures were given to 99 Black inner city high school seniors. Six physiological variables were analyzed directly on a computer using analog-to-digital conversion and programs which identified and summarized all responses and recoveries to the tones and pain stimuli of the classical conditioning and those during the operant conditioning using analog biofeedback of heart rate. Achievement (ACH) was defined as the residuals of average total grade point average (GPA) regressed on I.Q. Both ACH and GPA were examined as to their components. Results of regression analyses showed that 50.89% of the variance of GPS was accounted for by I.Q. 20.44%, Edwards Personality Inventory 9.08%, operant conditioning 18.70%, and classical conditioning 2.6%. Findings from this study appear to justify the conclusions that for this population of students, the measures of motivation account for 30.45% of the variance whereas I.Q. accounts for only 20.46% of the variance in grades. (Author/MLP)

This panel discussion seeks to determine the role of babbling and of nonlinguistic behavior in language acquisition. A central question is whether there is a continuity between babbling and speech. The paper presents the views that: the infant's ability to assimilate and adapt to his environment antedates the maturation of his visual and auditory systems; generalization in infant cognitive behavior takes place before symbolization; babbling is systematic and reflects phonetic preferences found in later speech; from the physiological point of view babbling is an integral part of speech acquisition. The panel concludes that: a definition of terms is necessary; the variance between child and adult speech presents a special problem; neurological studies are relevant to language acquisition; there is a continuity between babbling and speech; and further research is needed. (AM)

Performance objectives are stated for each of the five secondary school units included in this package of instructional guides prepared for the Dade County Florida Quinmester Program. All five units are concerned with aspects of physiology; three require no prerequisite study of biology ("Introduction to the Human Body,""Man and Disease," and "Man's Senses"), but two assume a minimal biology background ("Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology," and "Human Reproduction"). Each booklet contains a brief course outline, a list of relevant state-adopted textbooks, additional references, a catalog of visual aids available from the county visual aids center, and a list of experiments, demonstrations, and projects suitable for student and teacher use. Few experimental details are given, but reference is made to the appropriate pages in textbooks or teacher's sourcebooks. Some original projects are described in some of the booklets. A master sheet relating each of the suggested activities to the stated objectives is appended to each unit. (AL)

EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH (1) EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANXIETY INFLUENCES ABILITY TEST PERFORMANCE AND (2) THE VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES OF ANXIETY ARE RELATED. HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS WERE ADMINISTERED THE FOLLOWING MEASURES OF ANXIETY--(1) S-R INVENTORY OF ANXIOUSNESS, (2) AFFECT ADJECTIVE CHECKLIST, (3) TEST ANXIETY SCALE, AND (4) BENDIG'S SHORT FORM OF THE MANIFEST ANXIETY SCALE. THE 100 PARTICIPANTS WERE ASSIGNED AT RANDOM TO 1 OF 5 TREATMENT GROUPS (3 EXPERIMENTAL, 2 CONTROL), AND STRATIFIED BY SEX AND PROFICIENCY LEVEL. THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS RECEIVED ANXIETY-REDUCING, NEUTRAL, OR ANXIETY-PRODUCING INSTRUCTIONS BY TAPE RECORDER BEFORE BEING ADMINISTERED AN ACADEMIC ABILITY TEST. WHILE SUBJECTS WERE PERFORMING ON THE TEST THEIR RESPIRATION RATE AND DEPTH, HEART BEAT RATE, GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE, SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE, PULSE PRESSURE, AND ORAL, FACE, AND FINGER TEMPERATURES WERE TAKEN. ONE CONTROL GROUP WAS USED TO RECORD PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES DURING READINGS OF A SCHOOL TEXT INSTEAD OF TAKING A TEST. OTHER CONTROL SUBJECTS TOOK THE TEST, BUT NO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES WERE TAKEN UNTIL THE TEST WAS COMPLETED. RESULTING DATA WERE ANALYZED. ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL FINDINGS WAS THAT EITHER ANXIETY WAS NOT A HINDRANCE TO TEST PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THIS STUDY, OR TEST ANXIETY WAS NOT MEASURED SUFFICIENTLY BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OBTAINED. IN ADDITION, THE VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES WERE ESSENTIALLY UNCORRELATED. (LP)

This report on speech research contains papers describing experiments involving both information processing and speech production. The papers concerned with information processing cover such topics as peripheral and central processes in vision, separate speech and nonspeech processing in dichotic listening, and dichotic fusion along an acoustic continuum. Speech production topics covered include the activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles in voicing control, velopharyngeal function in oral/nasal articulation and voicing gestures, laryngeal adjustments for vowel devoicing in Japanese, vowel stress and articulatory reorganization, tension in some American English vowels, and word-final stops in Thai. One paper in the collection concerns reading machines for the blind. The final paper discusses the evolution of human speech anatomy. A list of publications and reports is provided along with author and title indexes to the previous status reports on speech research. (VM)

The purpose of this research project is to specify critical events within a person during linguistic processing. The experiments reported here cover such topics as the effects of increased reading rate on covert processes, covert behavior as a direct electro-myographic measure of mediating responses, enhancement of speech perception by simultaneous reading, external auditory feedback from covert oral behavior during silent reading, evoked potentials to auditory stimuli, covert psychophysiological responses and language processing, covert linguistic behavior in deaf subjects during thinking, electrical measurements of neuromuscular states during mental activity, covert oral behavior during conversational and visual dreams, and the function of covert oral behavior ("silent speech") during silent reading. Details on each experiment are provided. Figures and tables help to illustrate the results. A list of references is included. (VM)

The research reported in these papers covers a variety of communication problems. The first paper covers research on sound navigation by the blind and involves echo perception research and relevant aspects of underwater sound localization. The second paper describes a research program in acoustic phonetics and concerns such related issues as consonant-vowel transitions in the speech of deaf adults and the intelligibility of whispered speech in a tone language. The third paper studies some of the basic problems in data-sharing among information systems and in ambiguity resolution and feedback utilization in man-machine communication. The final paper deals with studies in psychoacoustics and describes research in binaural hearing and two sets of interactions involving the interaural differences required to localize a sound source. (VM)

A cross-disciplinary approach to the topic of sexual differentiation comprises this volume. Diverse papers are included under a variety of headings: 1) critical Periods in development; 2) embryology; 3) RNA-DNA; 4) chromosomes-growth and development; 5) physiology; 6) primates; 7) cognition; 8) cultural differences in patterns of sexual behavior; 9) normal and abnormal behavior; and 10) cross-cultural research on human behavior. The overall topic is seen as involving a consideration of molecules, man, and society with overtones of mysticism, religion, and social organization. The volume contains not only formal presentations, but also the discussion by the participants. (TL)

The present study was undertaken as a preliminary evaluation of a psychophysiological method for training children in the control of hyperactive behavior. The method involves breathing control and attention training which employs biofeedback and operant conditioning principles designed to help the child develop control over excessive and distracting motor behaviors and maintain attention in learning situations. Since breathing records are highly sensitive to numerous behaviors relevant to the desired behavior pattern in learning settings, the use of respiration as a focal behavior in the training procedures sharply reduce the number of simple motor behaviors requiring monitoring and reinforcement in comparison to the typical behavior modification program. Six children (age 6 to 8 years old) from a private school for children with learning disabilities participated in the study. Three were assigned to a group given the breathing control and attention training and three were assigned to a control group. Measures obtained before, during, and after training included respiration indices, performance, attention and vigilance test scores, and teacher ratings of classroom behaviors. The study was concluded to be successful. (Author)

Although there are social pressures for the control of science, forcing a redirection to "relevant" problem solving tasks, the future needs are, in essence, unpredictable in detail. For this reason fundamental research is necessary to provide the appropriate base for the new technologies that human society will need. Even to solve the present problems, fundamental research approaches are needed to provide the information base that can be used technologically to maintain the ecosystems in a satisfactory state. There are faults with the present mechanisms of supporting basic scientific research, and new mechanisms need to be developed for the effective utilization of Federal funds. In addition, the economic, social, moral and political implications of scientific research need to be considered as important, but not the only determinants of scientific policy. (AL)

The dominant trend in phonetics today--due to a large extent to generative phonology--is to discover the brain mechanisms underlying the observed behavior in speech. Among other things there is interest in attempting to find out how motor programs are stored latently, selected, activated into muscular contractions, controlled, and tailored for optimum communication. Chapter 1 discusses research thought and methodology in phonetics and expresses the need for constant empirical feedback in all stages of the development of models of these processes. Chapter 2 attempts to shed light on the mechanisms speakers use to control the fundamental frequency of phonation in speech. Chapter 3 considers arguments, evidence, and experimental techniques relevant to discovering certain possible brain mechanisms underlying observed speech behavior. Two issues are covered: the possible role of feedback in speech and how the timing of gestures in speech is controlled. (Author/VM)

The volume is reported to reflect the broad range of National Institute of Mental Health activities in areas of research, development of mental health manpower, and delivery of mental health services. Twenty papers examine, respectively, relationship of life histories and biochemistry of siblings and twins to schizophrenia, training of Navaho medicine men, development of intelligence in babies, studies of child abuse and infant accidents, community mental health center in Appalachia, educating new leaders via Operation Hope, manner in which social organization of animal communities can lead to a population crisis destroying them, community mental health center in the San Francisco westside, nonprofessionals serving aged public housing tenants, nursery schools in service of mental health, followup survey of long term effects of lysergic acid diethylamide, preschool program for disadvantaged children, infant stimulation as part of well baby care in a disadvantaged area, mental illness and competency to stand trial, studying consciousness with physiological feedback technique, voluntary control of internal states, asymmetry of human brain and implications for training, controlling brain functions, controlling autonomic functions, and drug abuse. (CB)

Several studies have indicated that children have difficulty differentiating mirror-image stimuli. In the present study adults were required to classify pairs of horseshoe stimuli as same or different. Response times were compared for stimulus pairs that varied in orientation (left-right vs up-down) and spatial plane of the pair (horizontal vs. vertical). Stimulus pairs in which the orientation matched the spatial plane of the pair (i.e., horizontal and left-right or vertical and up-down) took longer to classify than stimulus pairs in which these two variables were crossed. These results are interpreted as reflecting the necessity of synthesizing two sources of information in order to compare the former pair types--temporally encoded visual information and directional information from the motor scanning process. Implication for the source of children's difficulty with mirror-image stimuli of this type are discussed. (Author)

This work contains five papers in the area of experimental linguistics. Papers include: (1) "Units of Speech Perception," a study which deals with problems of the temporal organization of speech; (2) a study, "Manner of Articulation, Parallel Processing, and the Perception of Duration," which examines the durational patterns characterizing the production of monosyllabic English words whose syllable nuclei consist of vowels and resonants; (3) a paper presenting some durational data gained from the analysis of repeated productions of Estonian words with contrastive quantity entitled, "Temporal Compensation in a Quantity Language," (4) "Vowel and Speaker Identification in Natural and Synthetic Speech," concerning the perception of synthetic vowels produced on a Glace-Holmes synthesizer; and (5) a final paper, "On the Perception of Coarticulation Effects in English VCV Syllables," which deals with the perception of place of articulation cues. (RL)

This report on speech research contains 21 papers describing research conducted on a variety of topics concerning speech perception, processing, and production. The initial two reports deal with brain function in speech; several others concern ear function, both in terms of perception and information processing. A number of reports describe electromyographic studies investigating the relationship between a particular physiological function and the production of speech sounds. Other reports deal with reading and linguistic awareness, machines and speech, and reading machines for the blind. (VM)

Assuming that an infant's first stage of verbal communication is melodic and the result of controlling the motion of the vocal cords, a question arises concerning the second stage in development. Is it the shaping of the oral cavity of the direction of the articulators? The author's observation of an infant through his first year of development indicates that the conscious shaping of the oral cavity appears to precede the communicative use of lip articulation. From the use of pitch by itself, the child introduces the element of shaping the oral cavity, and this produces a vowel. Later, the child adds a third element, articulation, and produces consonants. (VM)

A prototypical minicomputer-based educational system was designed at the University of Texas Medical Branch to determine if it is possible to evolve complex educational programs which are effective and also flexible and of low cost. Freshman medical students using the minicomputer program substantially improved their problem-solving abilities in renal physiology, although this improvement in performance was not greater than that of a control group undergoing traditional large group instruction. The experimental group, however, required less time to complete the assignment and expressed a preference for the computer-based mode of instruction. It remains to be seen if such instruction can be made cost-effective and whether it can gain faculty acceptance. (PB)

Thirty-two males were divided into high and low creative groups based on the Remote Associates Test and the Alternative Uses Tests. High creatives exhibited a lower basal alpha index, a higher basal theta index, differential amounts of alpha on creativity and intelligence tests, and were better at alpha control in a feedback situation than low creatives. (Author)

Human linguistic ability depends, in part, on the gradual evolution of man's supralaryngeal vocal tract. The anatomic basis of human speech production is the result of a long evolutionary process in which the Darwinian process of natural selection acted to retain mutations. For auditory perception, the listener operates in terms of the acoustic pattern of the entire syllable according to the "motor theory of speech perception." According to the theory, human listeners perceive speech in terms of the constraints imposed by the speech-producing apparatus. It has recently been possible to reconstruct the supralaryngeal vocal tracts of extinct hominid species. Computer-implemented supralaryngeal vocal tract modelling indicates that these extinct species lacked the anatomic ability necessary to produce the range of sounds necessary for human speech. (Author/VM)

This publication of the American Physiological Society provides information about some new classroom experiments and techniques. These are: "Negative Feedback Control in the Blowfly--A Laboratory Exercise,""Demonstration of Various Habitats for Investigating Murine Behavior Patterns," and "Use of Behavioral Objectives and Audio-Visual Tutorial Methods in the Teaching of Physiology." Book reviews are presented, along with the list of free publications available to the subscribers of the newsletter. A list of audiovisual materials is arranged by categories for graduate students, medical students, allied health, and nurses; high school and introductory college; and middle school, elementary and lay audiences. (PS)

This paper discusses the development of structuralism in psychology, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, anthropology, and sociology by citing theories supported by thinkers in all these fields. The contrast between structure (schema, pattern, gestalt) and function (activity, interaction, transformation) is used as the point of departure for the discussion. The author seeks to emphasize the mutual dependency of these two concepts as seen in more recent theories. Piaget's theories concerning development are discussed at length. Concluding remarks review the trends and options of modern psychology. (VM)

This report is one of a regular series on the status and progress of studies on the nature of speech, instrumentation for its investigation, and practical applications. The reports contained in this particular number are state-of-the-art reviews of work central to the Haskins Laboratories' areas of research. The papers included are: (1) "Phonetics: An Overview," (2) "The Perception of Speech," (3) "Physiological Aspects of Articulatory Behavior," (4) "Laryngeal Research in Experimental Phonetics," (5) "Speech Synthesis for Phonetic and Phonological Models," (6) "On Time and Timing in Speech," and (7) "A Study of Prosodic Features." (Author)

To aid in providing a sounder methodological program in the teaching of trumpet playing, a study was made of the profiles of physical parameters involved in playing the instrument. Data were collected while beginning, intermediate, or advanced players performed scales in F, D, and B-flat and two etudes in both staccato and legato. The means used to record the data were: audio recording of sound; graphic representation of sound; measurement of air pressure and a graphic representation of these recordings; measurement of air flow and graphic representation of these recordings; and anatomic cine X-rays of the larnyx during sound reproduction. The results are related to pressure control, absolute pressures, sound volume, and the importance of the vocal chord. Recommendations to teachers are that: (1) particular attention be given to achieving pharyngeal air pressure control in beginning students; (2) less effort needs to be given by the beginning players to achieving high pressure volume; (3) an increase in volume of air pressure will not necessarily lead to an increase of volume in the production of sound, but rather, it is through precise pressure variations and correlations between vocal chord and mouth region; and control movements of the true vocal chord are the most important for the production of sound and sound interruption in trumpet playing. (DB)

Psysiological and behavioral indices of emotional arousal and mood during performance in a simulation game were investigated. The hypotheses tested were: (1) there will be attitude change following participation in the social simulation game, Ghetto; (2) this change in attitude will be related to the players' emotional involvement in the game as measured by heart rate and self-reported mood (i.e., both covert and overt measures); and there will be a "spread of affect" at times during the game, i.e., the emotional arousal (as indicated by fluctuations in heart rate) experienced by one participant in the game situation, would generalize to other participants. The essence of simulation games was assumed to be to capture (via structured situations) the psychological and environmental determinants of particular cognitions. The attitudes recorded were those of the 15 undergraduate players toward the consequences of living in a ghetto. The results provide some support for the validity of the hypotheses, but the complexity of the relationships calls for more controlled experimentation. Various explanations for attitude change through the use of simulation games are presented. (Author/KS)

The 2 papers included in this report concern personal and social effects as reasons for, and reinforcements of, continued drinking. In the first, a study is reported in which 95 indigent chronic alcoholics were interviewed about both the benefits and drawbacks which they associated with drinking. Results show that (1) a change in feeling state was the most frequently cited benefit; and (2) drawbacks included economic loss, impaired functioning and adverse physical effects. The 2nd study reports data from semistructured interviews of 118 similar subjects. The data were subjected to content analysis with reference to desirable and undesirable consequences attributed to drinking. Subjects 40 years of age and younger more frequently stated that alcohol facilitated social participation, while subjects 51 and older more frequently stated that they derived physical relief or relaxation from drinking. In all age groups some form of changed emotional state was reported. (Author/TL)

An overview of research on implicit speech from 1868 to 1970 is presented. Various studies are reviewed in which a variety of mechanical devices were used to examine the physiological changes that occur during silent reading. Edfelt's use of a mingograph in 1950 was considered a breakthrough, along with his conclusion that efforts to eliminate implicit speech should be discontinued. Clinical applications of these experimental results are also examined, as well as a more recent area of inquiry, that of causation theories. The accumulated opinions of specialists in this area supported the theory that implicit speech may aid comprehension in the primary grades. Research of the 1960's which has direct bearing on implicit speech as a covert-overt form of linguistic behavior includes studies by Cleland et. al., (1968), Laffey (1966), and Hardyck (1968). Conclusions are drawn from these studies which are pertinent to learning theorists, psycholinguists, and classroom teachers. A bibliography is included. (VJ)

In order to determine ways in which disabled and non-disabled people react to low levels of stress, the reliability of heart and respiratory measures under different conditions was studied. Eighty-five subjects (paraplegics, cardiacs, and physically normal controls) were given a variety of tests with the following results: over a 1-week interval the physiological measures were less reliable than most psychometric paper and pencil measures; respiration was more reliable than cardiac measures; and the more dynamic the stimulus situation, the lower the reliability of the physiological measure. No consistent patterns of a relationship between physiological measures and the relatively more static paper and pencil tests was found. Indications were that under low levels of stress the patients in different disability categories seemed to show differential responses in the disability affected areas. (Author/RJ)

This paper provides a descriptive overview of research on the consequences of overcrowding and the development of high population densities in animals, and speculates on the relevance of these studies for similar human phenomena. Three major foci are distinguished: (1) the effect of high population densities on animal behavior; (2) the nature of population growth in freely-growing populations confined to limited areas; and (3) the effect of high population densities on the physiological condition of animals. Effects on behavior included vicious aggression, "pansexuality," disruption of adequate maternal care behavior and withdrawal from social interaction. Where population grew freely in confined areas, populations peaked and declined and reproductive and/or maternal qualities were inhibited. Finally, there were definite physiological responses to overcrowding. It is suggested that animal studies suggest relationships we can look for in humans. (TL)

In investigating emotional phenomena in humans, overt-behavioral, self-report, and physiological responses all often seem to be appropriate measures. However, experience has shown that these different kinds of response often do not vary together. It may be that these measures disagree because they are related to different underlying variables. To illustrate how overt-behavioral and physiological responses appear to be influenced by different kinds of variables, several studies of sex differences in emotional responding are reviewed. These indicate that, in certain emotional situations, females appear to respond more than males on overt-behavioral measures, while males show larger physiological responding. In situations involving aggression, in contrast, males show more overt responding while females show greater physiological reactions. The data suggest that the overt-behavioral responses are in fact affected directly by social expectations, while the physiological measures are not. It is concluded that different sets of variables must underlie overt-behavioral and physiological responses, and that the relationships between different kinds of emotional responding deserve further study. (Author/TA)

These instructional objectives have been selected from materials submitted to the Curriculum Laboratory of the Graduate School of Education at UCLA. Arranged by major course goals, these objectives are offered simply as samples that may be used where they correspond to the skills, abilities, and attitudes instructors want their students to acquire. These objectives may also serve as models for assisting instructors to translate other instructional units into specific measurable terms. For other objectives in a related course see: ED 033 711 (Physiology [First Semester]). (MB)

After a brief discussion of the physiological effects of drugs on the human body, seven distinctive features of drug usage in the United States since the start of World War II are noted, and initiation into drug usage is described. The notion of a distinct personality type of addicts is not favored since terms used to characterize the type are not precise, but rather a matter of degree. A review of legislation on the handling of narcotics is given, and several explanations are given for the difficulty in suppressing narcotics traffic. Finally, the controversy over whether drug usage should be considered purely an illness, strictly a crime, or a combination of both is discussed. The methods most widely employed, usually in combination, to combat narcotics use are described. These include: (1) imprisonment; (2) hospitalization, with medical and psychological services; (3) institutional group counseling; (4) community surveillance and testing; (5) casework programs in the community; and (6) mutual aid organizations of ex-addicts. (TA)

Using acoustical evidence from spectrograms and physiological evidence from X-ray sound films, it appears that the most common allophone for the Arabic voiced pharyngeal fricative, at least in Iraqi, is a voiceless stop, and not a voiced fricative, as many believe. The author considers the phoneme in different environments and describes its behavior. Comments from other linguists are included along with photographs of the spectrogram findings. (VM)

This volume is intended to serve as a guide to the literature and other sources of information related to the study and teaching of reading. Source materials cited include dictionaries, handbooks, guides, directories, bibliographies, recurring reviews, abstracting and indexing publications, journals, conference proceedings, associations, and information centers. The volume is organized into three general subject areas, each preceded by a brief introduction. The three sections are further subdivided by the type of information source. The first section, Reading Information Sources, surveys the literature and other sources which are devoted entirely to reading from various points of view. The second section, General Information Sources, is a key to those sources which are general in nature but are the foundation for beginning research in many subject areas. The third section, Related Information Sources, is broken down into three subsections: education, which includes major sources on linguistics, audiovisual media, and library science; the behavioral sciences section, which includes psychology, sociology, and mass communications; and the medical sciences section, which treats physiological aspects of the reading process. Complete bibliographic information is given for entries along with descriptive annotations for guiding the reader to appropriate sources. An index is included. (Author/AW)

The specific objectives for the course on "Psychoactive Drugs" are to gain knowledge about drugs and drug users, and to acquire the ability to seek out and use available information on drugs. This course outline is divided into 2 sections: (1) basic psychological, pharmacological, and physical aspects of psychoactive drug use; and (11) cultural, social and personality aspects. Methods of evaluation are presented for each objective, and individual lectures are outlined. Included in section 1 are discussions on factors influencing drug effects, problems of drug research, chemistry of the brain, and facts about specific drugs, including alcohol. Section 11 presents historical and cultural perspectives, contemporary drug use patterns and reasons for usage, the drug culture, and society's response to drug abuse. Appended is a sample questionnaire which seeks student evaluation of the course as a learning experience, and which is intended to provide guidelines for future content improvement. (CJ)