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SummaryThe effect of the adenine analogue, 4-aminopyrazolo pyrimidine, (APP) on liver lipid composition, on liver content of ATP, on lipogenesis in vitro in liver slices and on serum lipoproteins in the rat is reported. The effect of ATP and of adenine in APP-treated rats is also presented. The neutral fats in the liver of APP-treated rats increased significantly, while the incorporation in vitro of acetate-14C into total lipids decreased when compared with the controls. Under the same experimental conditions the concentration of serum lipoproteins fell and the liver content of ATP increased. The administration of ATP to APP-treated rats did not prevent either the development of fatty liver, or the decrease of serum lipoprotein concentration, or the fall in incorporation of acetate-14C into liver lipids. The administration of adenine to APP-treated rats partially reversed the effects of APP on the lipid content of liver, on the levels of serum lipoproteins and on the incorporation of acetate into lipids.

1. Es wird am blosgelegten Hundeherzen die Wirkung der Reizung des rechten und des linken Accelerans auf das Ekg. untersucht und bestatigt, das die durch die Reizung der beiden Nerven bewirkten Veranderungen gegensatzlich sind und im Wesen zwei Phasen durchlaufen. 2. Die zur Erklarung gemachte erste Annahme, das die erste Phase durch eine lokale Sympathinwirkung, die zweite Phase aber durch das im Uberschus gebildete Sympathin erzeugt wird, welches in den Coronarkreislauf gelangt, hat sich nicht beweisen lassen. 3. Dagegen last sich durch Lokalableitungen vom rechten und vom linken Ventrikel, sowie durch die Ableitung vom Oesophagus aus zeigen, das beide Accelerantes auf verschiedene Herzteile wirken, so das die bei indirekter Ableitung auftretenden Phasen durch Interferenz erklart werden konnen. Auch eine Anoxie des Herzmuskels kann dabei eine Rolle spielen. 4. Nach Herstellung eines kompletten Blocks durch Durchschneidung beider Schenkel wurden starke Vagusreizungen vorgenommen. Es wird zwar bestatigt, das der kammerautomatische Rhythmus sich dabei etwas verlangsamt, aber diese Verlangsamung erfolgt allmahlich, erreicht spat das Maximum und kann die Reizung uberdauern. Da dies mit der sonstigen Art der Vaguswirkung nicht ubereinstimmt, ist es sehr unwahrscheinlich, das eine direkte Vaguswirkung in den Kammern vorliegt; es durfte sich vielmehr um die Wirkung des bei der starken Vagusreizung in den Vorhofen gebildeten und in die Kammern ubertretenden „Vagusstoffes“ handeln (acetylcholinahnlicher Korper).

Twenty-three specimens with complete transposition of the great vessels and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction were studied. Two groups emerged: Group I, 12 specimens with an intact ventricular septum, and Group II, 11 specimens with a ventricular septal defect. In Group I valvular stenosis was present in 4, subvalvular fibrous ring in 3 (1 associated with valvular stenosis), and bulging of the septum into the cavity of the left ventricle in 7 (1 associated with valvular stenosis). In Group II pulmonary valvular stenosis was present in all. In addition, 7 specimens also showed bulging of the septum into the cavity of the left ventricle; three showed severe subvalvular fibromuscular obstructions (tunnel type); and 1, a subvalvular fibrous ring or shelf. Whereas a subvalvular fibrous ring or bulging of the septum into the cavity of the left ventricle occurred in those with an intact ventricular septum or with a ventricular septal defect, a subvalvular fibromuscular obstruction (tunnel type) was observed only in those with a ventricular septal defect when this defect was situated at some distance from the pulmonary valve. Bulging of the ventricular septum into the cavity of the left ventricle was thought to be acquired as a result of either hypertrophic reaction of the left ventricle to pulmonary valvular or subvalvular stenosis, or septal hypertrophy secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy. Sufficient hemodynamic data are not available to evaluate the functional significance of bulging of the ventricular septum into the cavity of the left ventricle. Limited hemodynamic data, coupled with anatomic data, suggest that the obstruction is mild to moderate in the majority of cases. In all patients with a ventricular septal defect the pulmonary artery was smaller than the aorta, and it was small enough to create a problem in relation to surgical correction in 5. In those with an intact ventricular septum the pulmonary artery was larger than the aorta in 3, smaller than the aorta in 5, and of equal size in 4. The ventricular septal defect was anterior in 3, posterior in 3, and of the atrioventricular canal type in 5. The anatomy of the coronary artery has been studied in each case, and it was found that the left circumflex artery coursed in front of the outflow tract of the left ventricle in 16 specimens. Left ventricular angiocardiography is of help in demonstrating the type of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction as well as the size of the pulmonary artery. The surgical approach to the associated defects is discussed. For cases with a small pulmonary artery an initial anastomosis between the superior vena cava and the pulmonary artery is recommended. Patients with juxtaposition of the atrial appendages are believed to require a graft or prosthesis to enlarge the right atrium. When the left circumflex artery courses in front of the outflow tract of the left ventricle, relief of the obstruction should be undertaken, preferably through the pulmonary artery or the apex of the left ventricle.

1. Bei den an Kaninchen durch Injektion von Reizflussigkeiten in die Pleurahohle hervorgerufenen Exsudaten sind von Anfang an die Eiweisstoffe in groserem Prozentsatz gegenuber denen des Plasmas enthalten. Das Globulin ist zwar in starken Mengen, jedoch weniger stark als Albumin in bezug auf das Plasma enthalten. Dies zeigt, das im verletzten Gebiete die Entzundung eine starke Permeabilisierung der Capillarwand hervorgerufen hat. 2. Wahrend der Resorptionszeit der Exsudate vermindert sich der Eiweisgehalt, wobei diese Senkung auf Rechnung des Albumins kommt. In dieser Zeit findet auch ein Ansteigen des NA- und NR-Gehaltes statt. 3. Die Exsudatbildung ist wahrscheinlich nur eine Folge der entzundlichen Permeabilisierung der Capillarwande; die Resorption steht in Beziehung zur proteolytischen Aktivitat und nachfolgenden Storung des Gleichgewichtes zwischen K.o.D. im Blut und im Exsudat.

1. The effect of the administration of vitamin B(12) and biotin on the metabolic pattern of vitamin B(12) in biotin-deficient rats was studied. 2. No significant changes in the absorption and excretion of orally administered [(58)Co]vitamin B(12) were noted either in vitamin B(12)-treated and or in biotin-fed rats. A significant decrease of the uptake of orally given [(58)Co]vitamin B(12) was observed in the liver and kidneys of biotin-treated rats, whereas an increase of uptake in the kidneys of vitamin B(12)-treated rats was noted as compared with biotin-deficient animals. 3. No significant difference in the excretion of radioactivity was noted between biotin deficient and biotin-fed rats when [(58)Co]vitamin B(12) was administered by injection. A small decrease was observed in vitamin B(12)-treated rats. The retention of injected [(58)Co]vitamin B(12) by major organs of biotin-treated rats was lower than that of biotin-deficient rats. A lower content of [(58)Co]vitamin B(12) was also detected in the organs, with the exception of the kidneys, of vitamin B(12)-treated rats. 4. These results are discussed in terms of an interrelationship between biotin and vitamin B(12).

The coronary arterial anatomy in 149 specimens of complete transposition of the great vessels was studied. Nine different patterns emerged. The two most common patterns are (1) origin of the left coronary artery from the left aortic sinus, and the right coronary artery from the posterior sinus, and (2) origin of the right coronary artery and the left circumflex artery from the posterior sinus, and the anterior descending artery from the left sinus. No definite pattern could be correlated to the presence or absence of ventricular septal defect, or the presence or absence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The surgical concern in regard to the coronary arterial anatomy in complete transposition was discussed and it was pointed out that one or more branches of the left coronary artery may be found at the site of incisions in either ventricle. Of the 23 specimens with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the left circumflex artery coursed in front of the left ventricle in 16.

E' stata studiata l'azione dell'insulina sul processo di trasporto del glucosoin vitro in eritrociti ottenuti da soggetti normali o diabetici. E' stato notato che l'insulina provoca un significativo aumento della glucofissazione negli eritrociti normali solo quando questi sono incubati con plasma fresco normale. Nessuna variazione significativa e stata osservata se gli eritrociti erano incubati nei controlli senza insulina ne se veniva usato plasma inattivato (riscaldato per un'ora a 56°C). Inoltre l'insulina era priva di effetto sia quando venivano usati eritrociti e plasma di diabetici non chetoacidosici che quando eritrociti normali erano incubati con plasma diabetico. Questi risultati fanno prospettare l'ipotesi della presenza nel plasma normale di un fattore termolabile che favorisce l'azione dell'insulina sulla fissazione del glucoso da parte degli eritrociti.

The effect of dietary administration of 1% orotic acid on the biotin content of liver as well as the influence of biotin deficiency on the development of fatty liver in orotic acid-treated rats have been studied. The amount of biotin in the livers of orotic acid-fed rats was lower than in the controls. In biotin-deficient rats, the development of orotic acid fatty liver was inhibited while the administration of large doses of biotin led to an increase of liver fat. The data suggest that there may be a relationship between biotin and fatty infiltration of the liver induced by orotic acid.