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Presents several letters to the editor regarding different previous articles and various socio-political developments and issues. Comments on a critical note concerning ownership for issuing paper money; Information regarding questions of Italian and Chinese immigration; Criticism of comments made by Californian writers on the Chinese.

The Committee on Indian Currency and Exchange in Great Britain has recently issued a report which has in substance been adopted by the India Office. The recommendations of the Committee aim to restore stability to the rupee and to maintain the convertibility of the Indian paper currency. This article presents a summary of the chief recommendations of the Committee, taken from the London newspaper "Morning Post" of February 3, 1920. Some of the recommendations are as follows. The present rupee unchanged in weight and fineness should remain unlimited legal tender. The import and export of gold to and from India should be free from Government control as soon as the change in the statutory ratio has been effected.

This article presents information about politics and finance. There is no doubt that the plan of having the U.S. Government assume the duties of a bank of issue, by supplying greenbacks enough to take the place of the bank-bills now in circulation, is cherished by a great many people who are not repudiationists. They find that for eighteen years the Government notes have performed the functions of money throughout the whole country with an efficiency which the old banknotes never displayed. Nothing can be more dangerous in its tendency towards extravagant and revolutionary measures, in place of fair economic means, than to magnify beyond the reality the gap which represents the difference in material prosperity between capitalists and the wage-receiving classes. If this be the true way of putting the inequality, then American society is uneven to an alarming degree.

The article presents brief discussions on various political developments in the U.S. and other countries. National Greenback party of New York have adopted a platform of principles declaring that all debts, public and private, should be paid with paper, and that the paper should not be paid with anything. The Ohio Greenback partymen proposed to limit the paper issues of the U.S. government to the demands of business or the employment of labor, and suggested that gold, silver, and greenbacks be made the equals of each other in value. The New York branch proposes no limits whatever, and have no toleration for metallic money of any kind. Absolute money is the only medium of exchange they admit into their bedlam.

This article discusses several sociopolitical issues. The eagerness with which the political candidates' letters of acceptance have been looked for in the present canvass is a striking proof of the small amount of confidence reposed in the regular platform. Also in the article, attention is drawn to some time ago when the remarkable change which came over the friends of irredeemable paper-money since silver began to fall rapidly in value. Now, there has been, as everybody must have noticed during the last year, a considerable falling-off in this admiration for paper-money.

The article discusses some of the political updates related to the U.S. The Republican leaders in the U.S. Congress do not intend to take any steps towards a reformation of the currency at the present session. The odor of loyalty that attaches to the greenback as an instrument of war, "battle-scarred and blood-stained," is still potent. The belief is general that the greenbacks cost nothing that they are a debt drawing no interest and that it would involve an annual loss to the Government to fund them into bonds. The Governor announces that he will give a hearing on the graduated inheritance-tax bill passed by the late Legislature and, "the millionaires" are going to proceed in large numbers to Albany to urge the Governor to veto it.

Presents letters to the editor published in this issue of the periodical "The Nation." Reference to the future of national banknote system; Information related to various periodicals circulated in the U.S.

This article focuses on various political issues in Great Britain and the U.S. Hardly any one who recollects the principal struggles of recent years between workmen and their employers can have failed to be stuck with the extent to which the Homestead laborers have obtained the sympathy of the classes socially above them. The letter from the financial correspondent which appeared in the previous issue of the journal, describing the apprehension felt in that city about the effects of silver laws, showed a certain confusion in regard to our silver paper money, which is shared to a large extent in this country. London constituencies, Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Salford, Sheffield, and Wolverhampton, being all the places which, under the existing distribution of seats, return more than two members each, will be represented in the new parliament.

This article focuses on political developments in the United States. In sustaining the U.S. President's veto of the Wright Patman, bill the Senate did not remove the bonus issue from politics either for this session or the next election. The nine votes needed to support the President's veto may not be so easy to muster against the Thomas Clark, a U.S. representative resolution, which gives the President three alternative ways of paying the outstanding certificates with greenbacks, bonds, or cash from the work-relief appropriation.

The article focuses on issues related to international relations. Stabilization of the franc has brought with it in France an unemployment crisis of exceptional severity. France, cruelly impoverished by the war and the heavy cost of rebuilding the devastated regions placed upon her as a result of Germany's long default, has nevertheless enjoyed for a certain period an illusory ease which, sooner or later, was bound to disappear. This artificial prosperity she owed to inflation. Even during the war, France was forced to issue an enormous amount of paper money to meet expenses which were essentially destructive and sterile from an economic point of view.

This article presents brief descriptions of various recent socio-political issues and developments in the U.S. It first focuses on Senator John Sherman's latest banking bill. It provides that upon a deposit of bonds any national banking association shall be entitled to receive circulating notes equal in amount to the par value of their bonds bearing interest at the rate of not less than 3 per cent, and redeemable at the pleasure of the U.S. at the date of such deposit; and if bonds deposited are not so redeemable, and bear a rate of interest higher than 3 per cent, then the issue of circulating notes may be to an amount equal to 95 per cent. The article further reports that among the amendments to the Lowell Bankruptcy Bill suggested by the Convention recently held in Washington D.C., is one making dealings in futures on the part of the bankrupt a ground for objecting to his discharge.

The article discusses how to be prepared for national developments in the U.S. after World War I. It offers information on clarifying business principal readjustments and recognizing the vast opportunity readjustment offers. Also discussed are the probabilities seen in shipbuilding, the issue on paper currencies and prices, and the labor field as an important aspect of readjustment.

The article presents information on political developments in the U.S. The bill passed in the House by a large majority, forbidding the Secretary of the Treasury to cancel any greenbacks hereafter, repeals the section of the Resumption Act which directs greenbacks to be withdrawn to the amount of 80% of all fresh national-bank bills issued, until the amount of Government notes afloat is reduced to 300,000,000 dollars. In the so-called Florida confessions, the chief confessor is Judge Samuel B. McLin, chairman of the late Board of State Canvassers. A sense of duty impelled him to let it be known that when the canvass was made he labored under the conviction that it was his privilege and duty, in a political sense, to give the benefit of every doubt in favor of the Republican party.

One of the strongest arguments advanced for the passage of the Silver Bill, although not made prominent in public debate, was that, if not passed, "the people" would insist on fresh issues of irredeemable paper, and now that it is passed and is awaiting the signature of U.S. President, people are adjured to look at the convention of bedlamites at Toledo, Ohio and to prepare themselves for a tidal-wave of communism and greenback inflation. The proper answer to the Toledo communists and to the Louisville "Courier-Journal," which has been making itself particularly foolish in this business, is that this is as good a time as people shall ever have to "untie the winds and let them fight against the churches." Silver bills, with or without free coinage, are not going to pay mortgages or get people out of debt.

This article presents information about socio-political developments around the world. When a craze like the greenback movement or the silver movement of the U.S. begins, the consequences of which are just as well known to financiers as the results of certain combinations to chemists, the first impulse of the ordinary politician is to go into it with all his might, and flout the experience of the civilized world. The trouble into which France is once more plunged is probably due more directly to the state of mind of the Catholic clergy than to anything else, though, of course, when one says this one must bear in mind the peculiar condition of French society and the antecedents of French politicians.

The article discusses several issues related to finance from different countries of the world. It is conceded by all financiers that the monetary condition in Europe is abnormal; the scramble for gold is acute and universal. Nations with good credit, alike with nations whose currency is on a paper basis, join in the efforts to get gold and to hoard it. London, England is the money clearing-house for the commercial world, and London, watching the battle now going on among Continental nations, has been carefully guarding her metal treasure. All knots come to the comb, and the Giolitti comb has got entangled in a number at the same time. Ever since the forced circulation of paper money, the banks of issue, especially the Tuscan and the Roman, have had their troubles, which have been from time to time staved off. There are two distinct parties in Italy on banking questions, the one advocating a single bank, the other that all banks are allowed to issue notes on their own account and responsibility.

Presents several letters to the editor regarding different previous articles and various socio-political developments and issues. Appreciation for an article discussing realism and idealism in the field of art and literature; Discussion regarding silver basis in the case of paper currency for business growth; Comments on an article exploring role and status of Jews in the U.S. society.

This article presents brief descriptions of various socio-political developments and issues as of January 7, 1886. It first discusses the speech of Senator William M. Evarts at the Merchants' Association dinner, which was mainly occupied with the silver question in context of paper currency. Periodical publishers and other journalism groups' concern was to favor international bi-metallism, and quite another thing to favor the repeal of the compulsory-coinage law. The article further reports that the Pacific Coast delegation in the Congress has agreed upon a new anti-Chinese bill, which is intended to make it still more difficult than it is now for a Mongolian to surmount the wall of exclusion winch has been built against his race.

Good many of the admirers of an irredeemable paper currency have begun to admit, within the last few days, that whatever other virtues this currency may possess, it does not possess the power of preventing panics. They are, however, a little hasty, in making this confession, because their experiment has not been tried under the necessary conditions. If they will recall their talk of a few years ago, they will find that the reason they gave for believing that inconvertible paper would protect the nation against crises was that, unlike gold, it could be increased indefinitely in quantity whenever the occasion called for it.

This article presents information on the reissue of greenbacks in the U.S. during the year 1872. Republican newspapers purported to discuss a rumor which they announced to the public, to the effect that the Secretary of the Treasury intended to reissue some four or five millions greenbacks which had been retired from circulation. They mentioned the advantages of the plan, and its disadvantages, on the one hand, the effect which it would have in easing the money market, in facilitating the transportation of the crops to deep water; on the other, the objections to it which would arise from the danger of increasing the supply of the protested notes of the Government, the danger to its own credit, and the doubt as to the legality of expansion attained by the reissue of notes once withdrawn from circulation, under the provisions of an act framed with the express intention of contracting the currency.

Presents letters to the editor on issues related to the United States politics and government. Views on the Legal Tender Act; Maintenance of the convertibility of the paper money under the system; Questions on the enactment of the income tax law.

The Senate of the U.S. provided a financial scheme consisting of four different measures. One of the measure proposed is withdrawal of three per cent certificates. One of the means of raising money, adopted during war pressure, is the issue of a large amount of compound-interest notes, or legal-tender greenbacks bearing interest. The withdrawal of these compound-interest notes is contraction of the worst kind, and yet is necessary for the healthy reorganization of the finances. Another measure is an incoherent attempt to crowd the essential measure of specie-payment resumption.

This article presents information on some recent socio-political developments. It is informed that the U.S. President has recommended a gradual return to specie payments, which is, indeed, the only kind of return possible. Most of the declamation against a "sudden" return being like warnings against a too rapid growth in virtue. It is opined that the advises of the Treasury to be authorized to redeem its own paper at a certain fixed price whenever presented, as a safeguard against violent fluctuations in the value of greenbacks is a perfectly valueless suggestion. In another instance, it is informed that a large number of bills are being presented for consideration by the Congress. The most remarkable one is the bill which proposes that it should be treated as a misdemeanor for any senator or representative to recommend any candidate for office, unless his opinion is asked for in writing by the executive.

The article focuses on prevailing political conditions in the U.S. and around the world, as of October 10, 1867. The news from Europe seems to indicate pretty clearly that the world is on the verge of what diplomatists call grave events. There has been, as the world knows, sufficient feeling of chagrin on the part of France and sufficient suspicion on the part of Germany, ever since the battle of Sadowa, to put the peace of the Continent in danger. The act of Congress known as the Legal-Tender act, because it authorized the issue of $150,000,000 of paper money, declared to be a legal tender in payment of all debts, also authorized the issue of $500,000,000 of six per cent bonds, redeemable after five years at the pleasure of the U.S. and absolutely payable after twenty years from their date.

The article focuses on the effect of negligence of U.S. citizens to buy War Savings Bonds on the inflation of the country in 1942. There was an increase in money supply of the country which was caused by the negligence. The failure of the citizens to buy War Savings Bonds influenced the U.S. Treasury to create new money to cover its war bills. The money created by the government to pay war bills are not paper money.

Argues that the U.S. Gold Prohibition law should be repealed. Total worth of gold owned by the U.S. government as of July 13, 1940; Relationship between gold and all forms of government debt including paper money; Contention of the author that the only purpose served by the law is political; Impact if the law is repealed.

The article presents information about how American Bank Note Co. fends off counterfeiters and thieves. Despite the creative ability needed to transform mere paper into something of more value, absolute security is the company's greatest asset. Each piece of paper entering the plant must be traced throughout the production process and counted between twenty-two and twenty-seven times. Each shipment that leaves the plant must be sealed to prevent tampering, and although no company shipment has ever been highjacked, delivery of the currency to customers has sometimes demanded originality and even daring on the part of company personnel.

Provides facts about the paper money in the U.S. Number of individual notes printed by the Treasury Department's Bureau of Engraving and Printing division in Washington in 1957; Cost implication of the superstition about printing $2 bills; Purpose of the intricacy and variety of patterns used in paper currency; Changes made to the feature of the paper due to the Pacific war.