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In continuation of previously reported work, the effects of testosterone on adrenal gland weight and adrenal succinoxidase activity were studied in normalmale rats and in normal and ovariectomized females. For comparison, the effect on succinoxidase activity in liver and skeletal muscle was also studied. In order to elucidate the effects of testosterone, the adrenal weight and succinoxidase activitj’ were measured in normal male rats receiving ACTH or cortisone, singly or in combination with testosterone. Testosterone alone caused a marked increase in adrenal succinoxidase activity in all animals. It did not affect adrenal weight in the males, but caused some atrophy in the females. It had no effect on muscle or liver succinoxidase activity. Cortisone acetate alone caused a marked adrenal atrophy and a small decrease in total adrenal succinoxidase activity. Testosterone, given simultaneously, reduced the degree of adrenal atrophy and caused a large increase in succinoxidase activity. ACTH alone caused mar...

IT HAS been reported previously (1) that the succinoxidase activity of the adrenal glands of adult male rats is approximately 80% higher than that of female animals of the same age. We have suggested that this sex difference is dependent on gonadal secretions because it was considerably smaller in sexually immature animals. The experiments reported here were performed to elucidate further the nature of this sex difference. They are concerned with the effects of gonadectomy and of administration of sex hormones on the succinoxidase activity of the adrenal glands of adult rats of both sexes. The oxygen uptake of adrenal gland slices of male and female rats has also been measured, in order to see whether the difference observed in homogenates reflected a difference in the metabolic behaviour of the intact organized tissue. Succinoxidase activity of the adrenal gland. The experiments were performed in male and female rats of the Wistar strain bred in the Department of Physiology.

Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ (d. 515/1121), well known for his anthology of the Sicilian poets, Kitāb al-Durra al-ḫaṭīra, spent his life between Sicily, Andalus and Egypt. In his Kitāb al-Bāriʿ he analysed the fifteen meters codified by al-Ḫalīl. The manuscripts of this work were widely disseminated and today are kept in libraries between Yemen and Andalus, thus showing its large diffusion. Kitāb al-Bāriʿ was conceived as a continuation of the oriental tradition and contributed to the formation of a scientific corpus in the Western part of the Muslim empire. Despite the absence of a Sicilian metrical school, his work fits into a larger tradition of that era’s metrical works. There are, however, some noteworthy differences that appear in the verses used as šawāhid, in the kitāba ʿarūḍiyya and in the graphic representation of the circles. Following my previous paper on Kitāb al-Bāriʿ, I would like to present in this contribution a case study on the ṭawīl metre.

THERE are indications of a parallelism between oxidative processes in the adrenal cortex and the synthesis of corticosteroids (Carpenter, McLeod and Reiss, 1946; Tepperman, 1950; Perry and dimming, 1952). We have undertaken an investigation of the oxidative metabolism of the adrenal gland of the rat, under various physiological conditions, and for the experiments reported here have chosen the succinoxidase system for study because of its obvious importance in respiratory oxidations. Furthermore, the activity of this system is such that it can be measured in small amounts of tisssue. During the investigation it became apparent that there was a pronounced difference in adrenal succinoxidase activity between male and female rats. There is evidence that the gonads exert a marked influence upon adrenocortical morphology and function, although the nature of this influence is not clear (Roberts and Szego, 1953). Both activation and inhibition of adrenocortical function by estrogens and by androgens have been rep...

In 1841 Jacques-Joseph Moreau, a young French psychiatrist trained in the school of the prestigious Esquirol, began a series of investigations into the effects of hashish on man. His interest in this substance stemmed from first-hand observations of its popular use in North Africa and the Middle East, made during a three-year trip through those regions in the late 1830's. The results of his researches were published as a monograph four years later (Moreau, 1845).

Despite various attempts by the British authorities to regulate the use of hemp drugs in India, the matter had been left largely in the hands of provincial governments until the end of the 19th century. Laws and practices therefore varied widely from one region to another. In response to questions in the British Parliament, a Commission was set up in 1893 to examine the situation in Bengal, but on the initiative of the Governor General the scope of the inquiry was broadened to include the whole of British India.

One of the most important questions about cannabis is the consequences, if any, of prolonged use. Since conclusive experiments in humans have not yet been performed, we must rely on clinical evidence or on objective examination of subjective experiences recorded in the literature. One of the best reports extant, because of its scope and keen observation and because it relates the subjective effects of cannabis to chronic use and psychological dependence, was given 114 years ago by the young American Fitz Hugh Ludlow (1857) in the autobiography The Hasheesh Eater The present paper examines Ludlow's experiences and their relevance to current knowledge and interests about cannabis