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The Coordinating Committee of the North Atlantic Regional Water Resources Study used a multiple objective planning process to consider alternative objectives, needs, devices, benefits and costs and to develop a 50- year management program for the Region's water and related land resources. The Regional Program, and the conclusions and recommendations of the Coordinating Committee are presented in this Report with a description of the procedures and information used in deriving these results. The North Atlantic Region (NAR) includes the District of Columbia and all or portions of 13 states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia and Virginia. The NAR extends 1,000 miles from the St. John River Basin in northern Maine to the James River Basin in the southern portion of Virginia. The Region generally extends 200 miles westward from the Atlantic Ocean for its entire length and has 172,586 square miles of land and water surface, or about five percent of the Nation. For planning purposes, the Region has been divided into 21 hydrologically defined areas that range from large river basins such as the Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Susquehana and Potomac, to small coastal drainages such as those of Area 13 that includes New York City and Long Island., See also Annex 1 ADA036617. Errata sheet inserted.

Contents: Part I - Federal Laws, Policies and Programs; Part II - State Laws, Policies and Programs; and Part III - Interstate-Federal Cooperative Bodies., Appendix S to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix T, AD-A036 625.

This Appendix was prepared to provide information on past and future requirements of a market for power in the NAR, which is served in a coordinated manner by a group of interconnected electric utilities. Historic and estimated future (to the year 2020) electric power requirements are presented. The power market area varies geographically from the study region because it was selected to follow Federal Power Commission 'Power Supply Area' boundaries. Data are presented by sub-areas which correspond to PSAs or groupings thereof within the power market. Estimates are made of the types of electric generating stations which will supply the future power requirements. The production of electric power from steam and hydroelectric plants involve the consumptive and non-consumptive use of large quantities of water, and is therefore among the principal purposes which the Region's water resources are called upon to serve., Appendix P to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix Q, AD-A036 637.

This appendix will identify some of the areas of health needs for the water resources planner. The diversity of geographical, socioeconomic, and political aspects in the North Atlantic Region leads to many varied health considerations which must be taken into account during water resources planning. This report will deal with these considerations through a discussion of the following: epidemiological assessment; health aspects of water supply; vector control; and environmental health analysis, including air pollution control, radiation control, recreation sanitation, shellfish sanitation, and solid waste management., Appendix V to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616.

While the North Atlantic REgion's 41-inch average annual precipitation is more than adequate to meet both present and future water supply needs, there is a definite need for further development and management of water sources to keep abreast of the increasing demands of anticipated population growth and urban and industrial development. The potential plight of the Region's water supply situation was brought into proper, if somewhat startling, perspective during the five-year drought that ended in 1967. Many sectors of the NAR experienced critical water supply shortages, and some 14 million people, about 28% of the REgion's population, were subjected to water-use restrictions. That drought is now history, but it provided a stark reminder that the NAR's water supplies are barely adequate to meet present needs under traditional unlimited or unrestrained use patterns. The urgency of this situation is magnified when we look into the future. The population of the Region, approximately 50 million, is growing and projected to double by 2020. While the population increases, individual use of water is also increasing. The analysis in this Appendix has been divided into two major categories: public water supply, including all water supplied from central systems, both public and private; and industrial water supply, which includes all water used by the manufacturing industries in the Region. Summaries of the rural water supply situation and an up-to-date examination of developing desalting technologies are also included in the Appendix as separate chapters., Appendix R to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix S, AD-A036 639.

The purpose of this study is to make an appraisal of the erosion and sedimentation problems in the North Atlantic Region. The Appendix defines erosion and sedimentation problems and discusses the areal distribution, magnitude, variability and projections of future erosion and sedimentation problems for the years 1980, 2000 and 2020.F. The effects of erosion and sedimentation on agriculture, municipal and industrial water supplies, reservoirs, transportation facilities, recreation, and fish and wildlife are discussed. Erosion and sediment damages in dollars are estimated., Appendix Q to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix R, AD-A036 638.

Fourteen State Programs are presented in this Annex and each is a reformulation along state boundaries of the appropriate Area Programs of Annex 1. The procedures used for these reformulations were agreed to by the personnel of the agencies responsible for the appendices to the NAR Report. These are mixed objective State Programs and the reformulations were done in a manner that would insure no changes in the plan formulation decisions on alternative planning elements: objectives, needs, devices, benefits and costs. (Author), Annex 2 to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix A, AD-A036 619.

This Appendix describes the plan formulation process used in the NAR Study. This description will facilitate evaluation of the methods and hence of the recommendations of the study and will facilitate the utilization of the formulation process in other studies or in revisions of the NAR study. The plan formulation process used in the Study can be divided into three broad stages. Each stage is described in the introductory chapter to provide a narrative framework for the materials in the chapters that follow. While the stages were not completely separated in time in the sense that all of the activities of one stage were completed before the activities of the next began, the dates given provide a picture of the time required for each stage of plan formulation., Appendix T to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix U, AD-A036 626.

The broad objective toward which this appendix is written is to maintain and improve the usefulness of the coastal zone to man for now and for the future. This objective is approached from the point of view of planning and managing the wise use of the coastal water and related land resources. Major coastal uses are seen as the extraction of living and non-living resources, waste disposal, recreation and aesthetics, transportation, national defense and coastal land use. Nine major problem areas are selected for special analysis, partially on the basis of numerous interviews throughout the region. These problem areas are living resources, conservation of wetlands, non-living resources, water pollution, thermal effects, solid waste disposal, recreation, marine transportation, and coastal erosion and tidal flooding. For each of these problems, its nature, causes, and location and time characteristics are outlined; activities affected by the problem are identified and general solutions are considered in the broad context of planning and managing the region's water and related land resources. Interrelations of the coastal zone with its neighbors, both inland and oceanward are given special attention. Of the nine selected problems, water pollution and the conservation of wetlands appear at this time to be most prominantly recognized throughout the region., Appendix U to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix V, AD-A036 640.

The objective of the OBE-ERS program is the estimation of the economic base of specified areas of the Nation currently and at intervals to the year 2020. The resulting information will provide a basis for estimating future economic needs for the development of water and related land resources. The economic bases presented here consist of two major parts: (1) A historical and current picture of the economy of each area; and (2) a projection of these economic pictures to the years 1980, 2000, 2020., Appendix B to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix C, AD-A036 621.

The Water resources of the NAR are presently being used for various and, in many instances, conflicting purposes. The use of these waters can generally be described within the following categories: municipal and industrial water supply, recreation, commercial fishing, commercial navigation, power generation, and irrigation. The major water bodies in the NAR Study Area in the vicinity of population and industrial centers are seriously degraded by pollution. Study Area is served by waste collection and treatment facilities. The Non-Industrial waste load before treatment is expected to nearly double by the year 2020 (43,800,000 P.E.'s vs. 86,600,000 P.E.'s). It is expected that this same loading after treatment will decrease through time due to increased treatment; from 16,000,000 P.E.'s to 9,760,000 P.E.'s. The 1960 Industrial waste load to the waters of the NAR Study Area is estimated at 67,033,000 P.E.'s before treatment which is reduced to 40,100,000 P.E.'s after treatment. See Table 6 for the breakdown of the present waste load by major water-using industry groupings. The total industrial waste load before treatment is expected to increase nearly ten-fold from 67,033,000 P.E.'s in 1960 to 624,000,000 P.E.'s in 2020. The industrial waste load before treatment in the year 2020 will amount to nearly 90% of the total load generated., Appendix L to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix M, AD-A036 633. Includes envelope with 2 maps.

The following chapters are intended to show, among other things, that ground water and surface water are essentially one resource. The three major types of acquifers--coastal plain strata, consolidated rocks, and glacial deposits--are discussed with reference to their ground-water potential; namely, the natural recharge per unit area, the yields of wells that may be expected in the various formations, and the amount and quality of ground water that might be produced on a sustained basis. Lastly, techniques of ground-water management are discussed by which the present total available water in the system may be increased by utilizing underground storage in periods of low flow, by artificial recharge devices and by salvage of evapotranspiration loss. The possible advantages of ground-water development, other than the advantage of increasing the volume of available water, are touched upon but not discussed in detail. The great advantage in a ground-water development is ordinarily one of costs, particularly where small to moderate supplies are needed in any one area, or where a large aggregate demand can be satisfied by well fields spread throughout a basin. A detailed assessment of costs of ground-water developments in various geological environments is given in the second section of this paper., Appendix D to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix E, AD-A036 623. Includes envelope with 2 maps.

This report is addressed to the relationship of visual and cultural environmental values to water and related land resources planning. The land and water area is the North Atlantic Region, an area made up of the major river basins draining into the North Atlantic Ocean. The region extends from the North Carolina border to the Canadian border. It is approximately 900 miles long, averages about 200 miles wide and comprises 167,000 square miles. The area houses about one-fourth of the Nation's population and a concentration of major metropolitan centers. The overall focus of the North Atlantic Regional Water Resources Study is the optimum development of water and related land resources over a planning period extending to the year 2020 with intermediate benchmark years set at 1980 and 2000. The three major objectives which were set for the study are environmental quality, regional development and national efficiency. These are objectives that can be significantly affected by water resources development, they are of broad interest in terms of public investment and they are reasonably comprehensive. Thus these objectives also foster consideration of most of the effects of water resource investment., Appendix N to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix O, AD-A036 635. Includes envelope with 4 maps.

The 2.4 million acres of streams, lakes and impoundments within the North Atlantic Region are capable of satisfying 108 million man-days of use provided public access is secured to this habitat. Although the on-going programs for access acquisition are attempting to provide for the recreational fishing requirements, these programs are inadequate to keep abreast of the rapidly growing demands. It will, therefore, be necessary to substantially augment these on-going programs. It would appear that the foregoind developable capability would be sufficient to provide for the demands of the fresh-water fishermen through the year 2020. Such, however, is not the case. This is because fishing pressure is not distributed equally among the fishery resource types (e.g. cold-water and warm-water streams, cold-water and warm-water lakes). Increased habitat is, therefore, required by the year 2000. The re-establishment of migratory runs of anadromous fish to their former spawning grounds has long been recognized as a great potential addition to the Region's sport and commercial fisheries. Although on-going programs have tended to reduce the discrepancy between supply and demand, these programs also are not adequate to provide for the total needs. Augmentation of existing programs is, therefore, required. Alleviation of pollution, incorporation of fish passage facilities, removal of obsolete dams, regulation of stream flows, provisions for fishermen access facilities, improvement of habitat, construction of fish hatcheries, and stocking programs will all require acceleration., Appendix O to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix P, AD-A036 636.

The purpose of this appendix is to develop and document the investigation and analysis of (1) flood prevention aspects in upstream watersheds, and (2) upstream storage potentials and cost of the stroage. The findings serve as input to plan formulation and the main report. The study was limited to the application of existing data, ongoing studies, and a broad inventory analysis in upstream watersheds. 'Upstream' refers to those streams above a point where the total area drained is less than 250,000 acres (390 square miles). Main stems and major tributaries of more than 250,000 acres drainage area are covered in Appendix E, Flood Control and Water Management on Main Stems and Major Tributaries. Flood damages were compiled, updated, and projected for the target years 1980, 2000 and 2020. Feasibility, benefits and costs associated with flood prevention were developed. The extent and timing of structural flood prevention measures were estimated for the time frame years 1980, 2000, and 2020. The significance of flood plain management measures was discussed. Water supply storages and costs were determined. All studies were broad in nature and avoided local detail. The information is presented with the degree of refinement in accord with developed guidelines for comprehensive framework Type I studies., Appendix F to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix G, AS-A036 628.

Appendix K includes estimates of the range of future waterborne commerce, in terms of total tonnage, in short (2,000 lb.) tons, for the bench mark years 1980, 2000 and 2020, and presents potential development programs and order-of-magnitude costs. The range projected for waterborne commerce is broader in the more distant future as the degree of possible error increases. The limits are such that the range includes projections for Environmental Quality, Regional Development and National Income objectives. Recreational boating is covered through a dissertation on the estimated total craft and total registered craft for the same bench mark years; with an evaluation of the extent of development required to accommodate these craft. An examination of the condition, adequacy and limitations of the waterways and major port facilities; an assessment of present and future navigation technology, and an analysis of the major trends of waterborne commodities must all be completed before undertaking a discussion of the future activity on and development of the water and related land resources of the North Atlantic Region., Appendix K to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix L, AD-A036 624.

The purpose of this appendix is to provide an appraisal of irrigation water needs in the NAR. Although irrigation needs are not as critical in this region as in more arid regions, it is realized that irrigation water to satisfy plant moisture requirements is a major water consumer even during years with normal amounts of precipitation during the growing season. The nature of the appraisal is necessarily broad because of the size and diversity of the NAR. The general data and methodology used could provide the basis of rationale for future local planning studies; however, their literal application could lead to erroneous conclusions. This appendix presents the past and present irrigated land in farms, including the present cropping pattern on irrigated land. Future irrigation water needs are based on projections of irrigated acreages for the target years 1980, 2000 and 2020. Water requirements and responses as analyzed in this report are based on soils suitable for irrigation under the highest levels of farm management. The appendix also presents future irrigation water needs for industrial and institutional lawns, and golf courses. The water needs are based on acreage projections for these nonagricultural uses., Appendix I to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix J, AD-A036 631.

The history of the North Atlantic Regional Water Resources STudy is a brief description of its progress from authorization by Congress in 1965 to completion in 1972. This work is a chronology rather than a description of the Study as most definitive statements of the work during the Study are found in other sections of the Report, it Annexes and Appendices. The NAR Study required the coordination and cooperation of a great many Federal, state, interstate and local agencies under the direction of the Corps of Engineers, and the Coordinating Committee as the final authority. The major historical stages that form the basis of this Appendix are the steps taken to cement the partnership of the agencies to develop the various stages of plan formulation, and the publication of the Final REport., Appendix A to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix B, AD-A036 620.

The mineral industry of the North Atlantic Region is important to both the local and the national economy, with total production valued at $1.3 billion in 1970. The leading commodities were anthracite, bituminous coal, cement, crushed stone, and sand and gravel. The high-level production of construction materials reflects the urban-industrial density of the region. Other important mineral commodities were iron ore, lime, dimension stone, and zinc. Future mineral production potential is good within the Region and the opening of new mines can be anticipated. Technologic developments in mineral extraction and processing will play a part in expanding the development of mineral resources, but a timetable of such events cannot be made at present. An adequate water supply is essential to the production of most mineral commodities, and mineral deposits are usually not considered to be viable if water is not available. Mineral processing causes little consumptive loss of water but, like all uses of water, it degrades the quality to some degree. The extent of degradation of process water can be maintained within tolerable limits. The presence of sulfide minerals in and adjacent to the mineral being mined has caused serious pollution problems locally, and, in the case of coal, many miles of streams have been adversely affected. Areas and sites known to contain minerals have been described and shown on maps to aid future planning for individual river basins. Principal emphasis has been given to those minerals whose recovery requires the use of water or may affect water., Appendix H to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix I, AD-A036 630.

The North Atlantic Regional Water Resources Study (NAR) will identify the problems involved in meeting the present and future needs of people. It will indicate the magnitude of these needs, and establish priorities for development to meet them. More precisely, the objectives of this framework study are...'The determinations in broad terms of overall basin requirements for water and related land resource development for municipal, industrial, and agricultural water supply; water quality, flood control, and drainage; hydroelectric power; navigation; watershed protection and management; outdoor recreation; fish and wildlife conservation; together with an appraisal of the capability of on-going programs of resource development to meet indicated present and prospective needs. The study involves also the formulation in general terms of a plan of development, including the indication of elements which would be required in the near future and the need for the priority of more detailed studies of tributary basin areas...', Appendix M to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix N, AD-A036 634.

The purpose of Appendix E is to define the magnitude of the present and projected flood threat on the main stem rivers, major tributaries and coastal areas of the North Atlantic Region; to evaluate potential programs for flood damage reduction; and to describe various aspects of, and the potential for, water management to increase the supply of water for projected future withdrawal and instream water needs. The information and data developed serve as inputs to Appendix T, Plan Formulation., Appendix E to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix F, AD-A036 627. Contains envelope with 2 maps.

Appendix J provides general information relating to land drainage and identifies and evaluates potential land drainage needs, and measures for meeting these needs. The resulting costs and benefits of these potential solutions are also developed, as are their overall effects on the Region. Information developed herein has been utilized in the plan formulation process for developing alternative water and related land resources development and management programs for the NAR. The Land Drainage Appendix covers the extent of major and agricultural drainage problems, land drainage improvements, and their economic and hydrologic effects to a degree of refinement consistent with developed guidelines for comprehensive Type I framework studies. Information on land use and yields of areas adversely affected by excess water, production costs and returns, existing and potential land drainage improvements, and fish and wildlife wetland development provided assistance in analyzing and correlating the drainage data to all aspects of water and related land use., Appendix J to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix K, AD-A036 632.

The North Atlantic Regional Water Resources (NAR) Study examined a wide variety of water and related land resources, needs and devices in formulating a broad, coordinated program to guide future resource development and management in the North Atlantic Region. The Study was authorized by the 1965 Water Resources Planning Act (PL 89-80) and the 1965 Flood Control Act (PL 89-298), and carried out under guidelines set by the Water Resources Council. The recommended program and alternatives developed for the North Atlantic Region were prepared under the direction of the NAR Study Coordinating Committee, a partnership of resource planners representing some 25 Federal, regional and State agencies. The NAR Study Report presents this program and the alternatives as a framework for future action based on a planning period running through 2020, with bench mark planning years of 1980 and 2000. The planning partners focused on three major objectives -- National Income, Regional Development and Environmental Quality -- in developing and documenting the information which decision-makers will need for managing water and related land resources in the interest of the people of the North Atlantic REgion., Annex 1 to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Annex 2, AD-A036 618. Errata sheet inserted.

This Appendix addresses itself to the identification of land capabilities and their location in relation to changing demands. It also identifies the constraints to land use shifts in response to changing demands or a more efficient and/or acceptable distribution of land use. Projections are presented of the changing demand and changing availabilities with and without planned land use changes. In addition, several analyses of the above parameters are presented to identify the various capabilities of the land resource base to provide for the demands placed upon the resource. As shown in the syllabus and chapters to follow, the varying capabilities under alternative assumptions expose problems and solutions about the ability of the land resource base within the NAR to meet the requirements thrust upon it. Current programs are briefly discussed along with their limitations. Capabilities of management programs are assessed leading to recommendations of policies and programs found in the main report., Appendix G to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix H, AD-A036 629. Includes envelope with 1 map.

The Purpose of this Appendix is to describe the Region from a Climatic, meteorologic and hydrologic viewpoint, and to provide hydrologic data, analyses and techniques necessary for the consideration of surface water problems and an evaluation of alternative solutions proposed for these and related problems. The analyses contained herein are consistent with the broad-scaled objectives of a framework water resources planning study. Appendix C includes descriptions of the North Atlantic Region's climatic and hydrologic environments and summaries of selected available data. Information is presented on existing surface water quantity and suitability, and on floods, droughts and existing regulation. Related aspects such as ground water and estuaries and coastal areas are also considered., Appendix C to report dated Jun 72, AD-A036 616. See also Appendix D, AD-A036 622.