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Klinefelter's syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality resulting in hypogonadism. Intellectual impairment and/or neuropsychiatric disorder are present in many cases. The variety of psychopathology accompanying the syndrome is reviewed from the literature and by case reports. The typical individual has a generalized inability to adapt, low social drive, lack of exploratory behavior, and emotional instability. He may also manifest a variety of neurotic, psychotic, and sociopathic behaviors that appear to be compensatory and individual in character.

A recent monograph by Brown and Tolor ( 2 ) reviewed the literacure relevant to one of the most common hypotheses of the Draw-A-Person Test, namely, that the sex of the first drawn figure reflects the individual's sexual idencification, sexual orientation, and sex-role preference. This hypothesis has been explicitly formulated by Machover ( 9 ) and Schilder ( 12) and has until recently been fairly widely accepred among psychologists. Machover has writren

Key Words: Wilson's Disease; Neuropsychiatric disorder; ceruloplasmin; Penicillamine; Zinc acetateDOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i2.7038Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010, 39(2) pp.50-52

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of kryptopyrrole and other monopyrroles in molecular neurobiology. Neurobiological interest in the monopyrroles had its first upsurge with the discovery of the pyrrolic nature of the abnormal metabolite characteristic of the hereditary neuropsychiatric disorder, acute intermittent porphyria. The chapter reviews the available data on kryptopyrrole and other monopyrroles relevant to mental health in the context of biology and molecular biology. It illustrates the molecular structures and molecular biological context pertinent to the neurobiology of the monopyrroles. The monopyrroles are compounds of the heterocyclic series, containing one ring made up of four carbon atoms arranged as in butadiene and one nitrogen atom forming a bridge between the first and last carbons of the chain. Kryptopyrrole is a naturally occurring member of this class of pyrroles; it constitutes the basic structure of the urinary metabolite, formerly known as “mauve factor” and associated with psychotic disorders, certain psychiatric symptoms, and a poor prognosis. The chemistry and chromatography is explained in the chapter.

• The passing of red urine, leading to the diagnosis of porphyria, provided the essential clue in three cases marked by attacks of pain and many severe neurotic and psychotic symptoms. In one the abdominal pain had led to a fruitless laparotomy; in another the neuropsychiatric disorder had made institutional care necessary. The patients were all women who had gone through two or more pregnancies. The etiology of porphyria is uncertain, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. In the present cases, however, barbiturates were possible contributing causes, and treatment by intravenous administration of tetraethylammonium chloride gave encouraging results in one case.

BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE That each person with a neuropsychiatric disorder revealed subsequent to induction costs the government $30,000 to $35,000, that twenty-seven hospitals with a capacity for 33,000 patients are devoted to the care of veterans from the first world war with neuropsychiatric disorders, that approximately a billion dollars has been spent on the care of these patients and that 60 per cent of all ex-members of military services requiring hospitalization are admitted for neuropsychiatric disabilities are facts which have been repeatedly presented in the literature. As the result of the work of neuropsychiatric examination boards in the United States, the American Expeditionary Force of World War I had a far smaller percentage of nervous and mental casualties than did the armies of our allies. Even so, 110.137 neuropsychiatric casualties occurred in the Army from April 1, 1917 to Dec. 31, 1919 at a rate of 26 per thousand. It

This is a report of a five year study comparing the therapeutic efficiency of artificial fever therapy and of therapeutic malaria. The preliminary report of this study was made in 1936. 1 There is nothing unique in the use of either malarial therapy or artificial fever, the former having been advocated by Wagner von Jauregg's original report in 1917 and the latter by Neymann and Osborne 2 in 1929. For reasons not entirely clear to us certain clinics treating patients with neurosyphilis have been skeptical of the therapeutic value of artificial fever in this neuropsychiatric disorder. Because of this apparent prejudice against a new method we felt it wise to observe a series of patients, taking alternate patients in the series for treatment with each method. Patients were assigned to the artificial fever or malaria series in alternation as they were admitted to the Colorado Psychopathic Hospital and Clinic, that