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The ultrastructural and antigenic characteristics of the HB Ag-associated liver particles and the relationship of the liver particles to serum HB Ag were studied by three correlative and comparative observations. (1) Ultrastructural tissue study in 29 patients defined the morphologic characteristics of the unique noncoated virus-like particles that were found in liver cell nuclei and sometimes in the cytoplasm. Their presence in liver tissue may be of diagnostic significance for active disease. The coated particles were shown to be morphologically identical to the Dane particles in serum, and were found in the cisternae of proliferative endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum contained peculiar filaments and their probable cross sections with an owl eye appearance. The outer covering of the coated particles was shown to be continuous with the filaments, suggesting that the latter were probably the crystalloid coat material. (2) Phosphotungstic acid negative stain of liver tissue homogenates and ultrastructural sections of the pellets from the homogenates provided a convenient linkage for comparative morphologic interpretation of the tissue and smear findings. Evidence indicated the hepatic origin of the HB Ag particles. (3) Immunoagglutination electron microscopy indicated that the HB Ag particles in tissue homogenates and sera were antigenically identical, whereas the noncoated particles, although morphologically similar to the core component of the Dane particles, were most likely antigenically different from the coat material of HB Ag. The observations support the concept that the Dane particles have dual antigenic specificities. Possible explanations are given for the absence of pure core particles in the serum.

Light scattered from a binary, viscous, heat conducting, diffusive, and reacting mixture by spontaneous fluctuations was theoretically examined using the hydrodynamical approach with a generalized form for Fick's law that was obtained by a thermodynamical theory based on the entropy inequality. An additional inertial‐diffusive term occurs in the diffusion equation and results in another Lorentzian contribution to the Rayleigh line and also adds to the non‐Lorentzian contribution to the Brillouin doublet. Explicit results for the autocorrelation functions and spectra are presented for (1) a binary, viscous, diffusive, thermally conducting mixture without reaction and (2) a binary, viscous, thermally conducting reacting mixture without diffusion. Comparison of the theoretical spectrum for a gaseous xenon‐helium mixture to experimental data demonstrates the importance of the inertial‐diffusive term and provides an explanation of the failure of the classical hydrodynamical theory. In addition, the case of ace...

A statistical analysis is presented for steady creep bending in a beam, where the material parameters are random processes along the neutral axis arising from random fluctuations in temperature and imperfection density. Analytical and numerical results are presented for the statistical properties of the normal stress and lateral velocity. It is found that whereas the normal stress shows very little random fluctuation the lateral velocity is highly random. The statistics of the lateral velocity generally show a significant dependence on the nominal value of the creep power and on the position along the neutral axis.

The activation of the conduction system and adjacent muscle of the subendocardium of the entire left ventricle and right ventricular free wall has been studied in the intact canine heart by means of plunge electrodes. Penetration of Purkinje potentials to a depth of 3 to 4 mm. beneath the endocardial surface was recorded first in mid left septal surface areas of early muscle activation (1.0 to 1.5 cm. below the bifurcation of the left bundle). No such penetration occurred in the upper left septal surface. A shorter Purkinje-adjacent muscle activation time and earlier muscle activation 2 to 3 mm. below the endocardial surface, as compared to that at the surface, suggests that muscle activation begins at this depth in the lower left septal surface and left ventricular free wall. Purkinje potentials recorded in the right ventricular free wall indicate that the activation wave to this area is transmitted by the peripheral conduction system. There was 81 per cent correlation of the localization of specific strands of conduction tissue demonstrated by iodine staining with the recording sites which demonstrated Purkinje potentials.

A visual and frictional pressure-drop study of low-pressure high-void-fraction two-phase flow has been performed in a boiling-water natural-circulation system with heat addition. Heat was added uni...

A 36-year-old woman with typical skin manifestation of pseudoxanthoma elasticum presented with arrhythmia, cardiomegaly, and congestive failure during pregnancy, and died suddenly, presumably of cardia carrhythmia. Autopsy revealed systemic involvement with PXE lesion in the skin, the eye, and the cardiovascular system. The cardiac involvement is considered to have been responsible for the clinical manifestations. The possible role of PXE in the heart in the genesis of the cardiac failure and arrhythmia are discussed.

Damped lateral vibration in an axially creeping beam with random material parameters is considered. The temperature and imperfection density, and as a result two inelastic material parameters, are random functions of the distance along the neutral axis. It is assumed that the material of the beam is governed by a nonlinear Maxwell model, and that the initial tensile stress is much greater than the increment of stress caused by the oscillation so that a perturbation technique may be employed. Two special cases are fully analyzed: (a) the random parameters are random processes which are only slightly random, and (b) the random parameters are random variables which are largely random. Statistical results are obtained for the lateral velocity, bending moment, logarithmic decrement and circular frequency. It is found that in a specific example, where the beam is made of an aluminum alloy, the lateral velocity, bending moment and logarithmic decrement are sensitive to randomness in temperature and imperfection density, whereas the circular frequency is almost deterministic.

The peripheral conduction system was demonstrated grossly by iodine staining in a normal newborn heart and in one with a muscular ventricular septal defect. Staining of the conduction system was unsuccessful in a third heart when attempted over 2 hours after death. The left ventricular conduction system was easily visualized; however, the arborizations of conduction tissue over the right ventricular free wall endocardium were demonstrated poorly.

Ten patients were studied one to seven years following small intestinal bypass for obesity. Liver function tests, normal preoperatively and abnormal early postoperatively, returned to normal 6 to 12 months later. Total serum cholesterol levels decreased by 40% to 50%. Serum protein values stayed within normal limits if the patient was on a high protein diet. Liver biopsies for fatty change preoperatively showed variations from 1% to 75% infiltration. Late postoperative observations in nine patients showed an increase in fatty infiltration in six. In two there was a decrease and in one there was no change. Of these nine patients, in two who developed 80% to 90% infiltration postoperatively, restoration of continuity abolished this histologic evidence of fatty metamorphosis. No evidence of cirrhosis was observed in any patient.