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Homogenates of some rat tissues, incubated in Tris-maleate buffer containing bovine serum albumin, olive oil emulsion, heparin, and serum, liberated free fatty acids. The total lipolytic activity in tissues of rats fed a low fat, 20% lard, or 20% corn oil diet for 6 wk was measured.Similar activities were found in all the livers, but there was a significant increase in the total lipolytic activity of the mucosa, epididymal fat, and mesenteric tissues after ingestion of an unsaturated fat diet as compared with that containing a more saturated fat. From measurements of the lipolytic activity in the presence of 1 m NaCl or 0.2 m NaF and in the absence and presence of heparin and serum, the conclusion is drawn that more lipoprotein lipase was present in adipose tissue of rats on unsaturated fat diets.An increase in available lipoprotein lipase after unsaturated fat diets may aid in clearing lipids from the blood of these rats and thus in producing the lower blood lipid levels obtained.