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Because of the great density of people in cities, residents of urban centers have unique problems of human interaction and communication. Because of population density and the large number of information networks, communication research in urban settings should center on the ways in which residents cope with the variety of message inputs and, at the same time, try to effect their own communication impact. Two interacting communication subsystems are the demands placed on the individual by the urban community and the demands placed on the system by the individual. Suggested topics for communication behavior studies include: the effect of infringement of personal space on communication patterns within and between living units, the relationship between increasing population density and responsibility for one's personal verbal behavior, and the effects of increased needs for public transportation on the persuasiveness of messages relating to transportation use. Speech communication departments in urban centers can focus research on the interaction between message effectiveness and population density. (RN)

At the beginning of the second year of the Community Mental Health Service operation, expansion was decided, to a total of six consultants for the elementary schools in Douglas County, Nebraska. Consulting was done on a regular basis in the lower grades in hopes of catching problems at their inception, thus hopefully causing greater improvement sooner for the child and school. The roles of the various personnel in the program are discussed as are workshops and inservice training. The University of Nebraska set up an evaluation of this program, based on triads of elementary schools in each of Douglas' districts. Operation of the mental health services are described as full, limited, or normal. Two measures were considered, change in teacher's attitude and change in pupil behavior. The Wickman Scale and the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory were used. The results indicate that teachers' attitudes do change with participation in the workshops. The data obtained on perceived change in student behavior does not support the program. Complete data are included. The research reported herein was funded under Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. (KJ)

Criteria were developed for deciding the fraction of course attendance time that students should spend on a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) course in order to maximize the average final achievement of the class, subject to constraints on the probability of individual student failure and on the available console capacity. The major elements of this scheduling procedure are: (1) a model of student learning that relates student time allocations to expected achievement, (2) an objective function and optimization procedure, and (3) a procedure for forecasting each student's learning characteristics. The most statistically reliable learning model was the familiar learning curve or logistic function. A objective function for the scheduling procedure was formulated by systematically reviewing alternative ways of mathematically combining expected test results. The problem of assigning console time was shown to be a non-linear programing problem. Several efforts to find off-line predictors of on-line student learning were unsuccessful; but an on-line selection aid was designed and evaluated. A case is used to illustrate the scheduling algorithm. A bibliography and a glossary are appended. (Author/JY)

A survey was conducted among Lutheran pastors to: (1) identify their learning priorities; (2) determine the effect of longetivity on these priorities; (3) determine the differences in their learning priorities according to geographical location; and (4) determine their perceptions of the adequacy of learning resources available to them. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 700 pastors in the five synods supporting the Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary; 169, or 25 percent, completed and returned the questionnaire. The top priorities registered by all respondents were: (1) evaluate your personal ministry and career; (2) develop partnership for ministry with laymen; and (3) develop your own general counseling skills. Study of the effects of longevity revealed that the near-retirement group (36-40 year interval) seems to have more priorities in common with the youngest group (1-4 year interval) than with the middle-aged group (16-20 and 28-32 year interval). Resources considered to be most inadequate were those associated with improving specific ministerial skills. Significant differences were recorded in learning priorities in each age category from synod to synod. Suggestions for further study are made. Appendices provide contents of the questionnaire and data summaries. (KM)

Research demonstrated that competency development of senior pharmacy students could be quantified by a series of examinations, which showed that in the last professional year student performance and ability with pharmacy information and knowledge approached and eventually equalled that of registered pharmacists. (JT)

A model is developed which relates an index of school performance to management policy under a variety of environmental conditions. The process of education is defined by the qualitative concept that education is a process of communication. In the model development, the assumed relationships among the variables (factors controllable by management and factors determined largely by the nonschool environment) are first listed and then a mathematical analog to the statements is developed. At the present stage of development the model relates changes in achievement test scores (on a school by school basis) to pertinent resource input factors. Data from a sample of schools is used to estimate parameters and to test the model's ability to predict performance from management policy. The results of the empirical work are presented and practical implications for further research and for school system administrators are discussed. (HW)

Presented before the Section on Administration, American College Health Association, Forty-sixth Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 2, 1968.

A model of the core of the stuttering block is presented, based on evidence that the disorder is essentially an inappropriate, vigorous contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoid in response to the subglottal air pressures required for speech. (Author)

Author attempted a very brief interpretation of Heidegger's later thought with reference to the Being of things and the aesthetic experience and discussed some of the implications of this thought for aesthetic education. (Author/RK)

Advanced placement programs using SMSG calculus materials proved successful in two one-year studies. Included were nonaccelerated college-preparatory and accelerated students. No student in either study scored a 1 (no recommendation) on the CEEB Advanced Placement Examination. (RS)

Shows that an individual's general disposition, either positive or negative, averaged with the weight of stimulus traits presented affects impression formation. Graph and bibliography. (RW)

This article deals with studies that manipulated physical parameters of pictures- the amount of realistic detail, color versus black and white, and moving versus still pictures. (Author)