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Genetic variation and relationship among 28 mango germplasm were analyzed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Out of 20 primers screened, four were selected, which gave 50 clear and bright fragments, out of which 48 fragments were considered polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci and gene diversity values across all loci were 96% and 0.29, respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance segregated the 28 mango germplasm into two main clusters. Sukul alone formed one cluster and the rest germplasm were grouped together into another cluster. Mallika and Amrapali cultivar pair was very close to each other with the highest intervarietal similarity index (87.30%) and lowest genetic distance (0.08). On the other hand, Sukul and Meghnath pair was more distant to each other with the lowest intervarietal similarity index (14.29%) and highest genetic distance (0.87). The results of the present study indicated that the RAPD analysis could be utilized by breeders for further improvement of mango varieties.Key words: Germplasm, Characterization, Mango, RAPDDOI = 10.3329/ptcb.v17i1.1123Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(1): 71-77, 2007 (June)

The effect of vitamins, minerals and probiotics supplementation to the balanced ration of the broiler chicks on the immune response and growth performance after vaccination with BCRDV was evaluated. For this 50 broiler birds were divided into five equal groups such as A, B, C, D and E, and five types of separate treatments with normal poultry feed were provided to the indivisual experimental groups. All the birds were vaccinated with BCRDV primarily at 3 days of age and boostered at 17 days of age. The birds of group A, B, C and D were supplemented with only probiotics, mixture of probiotics and minerals, mixture of probiotics, minerals and vitamins, respectively. The birds of group E were kept as vaccinated control. Blood samples were collected at the age of 9, 12, 16, 23, 26 and 30 days sequencially. The serum antibody titres were measured by HI test and ELISA. The highest value of HI antibody titre was 384±242.65 (Mean ±SD) in group B at 23 days of age. The lowest value of HI at 23 days was 56±32.86 (Mean ±SD) obtained in group C. The ELISA antibody titre was also highest (4675.12±485.72) at 23 days in group B and obviously the lowest (2169.38±724.45) in control group E. In case of group C, the ELISA antibody titre was 3105.73±877.57 at 23 days but then the titre decreased gradually compared to control group. The highest body weight (1420±90.82) was recorded at 30 days of age in group D and the lowest value (1188±44.38) was in group B. Key words: Probiotics, BCRDV, broiler birds DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1336 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 31-36

Most patients with malignant obstructive jaundice present at a stage when they are beyond the scope of curative surgery. Endoscopic stenting is the approach of choice worldwide to improve quality of life and survival of such patients. The aim of this study was to find out overall clinical outcome of endoscopic intervention in malignant obstructive jaundice. This prospective study done in two tertiary gastroenterology centers in Dhaka included consecutively admitted 79 adult patients with malignant biliary obstruction for endoscopic stenting, followed by a follow-up period of six months. Outcome evaluation included success rate of stenting and drainage, complications, and mortality rate at one-month, and survival up to six-months. ERCP revealed carcinoma of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of gallbladder, and metastasis in the biliary trees in 22 (27.8%), 22 (27.8%), 20 (25.3%), 11 (13.9%), and 04 (5.1%) cases respectively. Successful stenting and drainage could be achieved in 62 (78.5%) and 58 (73.4%) cases. Stent blockage (23.9%) and cholangitis (19.4%) were the main complications. Total death at one-month was nine of 55 (16.4%), and 21 (38.2%) patients survived up to six-months, with no difference in one-month mortality rate among the malignancies (P>0.05). Stenting prolonged six-month (88.2%) and mean survival (121.2±67.7 days) only in patients with periampullary carcinoma (P

Sudden withdrawal of oral anticoagulant in patients with metalic prosthetic valve without adequate coverage with parenteral heparin may lead to fatal consequences. Here the authors report a uncommon case of thrombotic mitral prosthetic occlusion due to sudden withdrawal of warfarin. Keywords: Prosthetic valve, Thrombus, Thrombolytic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8219 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 109-111

The character of diabetes prevalent in Asian and other tropical countries differs greatly from that in temperate climates. We suggest that in the tropical type of diabetes there may not be insulin deficiency but that extra-pancreatic factors may play an important role in pathogenesis. Sixty-five untreated maturity-onset diabetic suspects were investigated by glucose tolerance test (GTT) and fasting plasma immuno-reactive insulin (IRI). The levels of fasting plasma IRI were significantly higher in both obese and non-obese diabetic patients as compared with the normal subjects. Obesity was associated with higher IRI levels both in normals as well as in diabetic patients. Socio-economic status does not significantly affect the IRI values. It is concluded that diabetes in these patients is not due to deficiency of insulin.

Valence and core bands of KCl have been calculated by the method of linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). The interpolation scheme developed by Slater and Koster has been used for the calculation of the matrix elements of energy operator and overlap. The influence of the admixture of core functions to the crystal orbital and the Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange effects on valence and core states are extensively studied. The results we obtain are found to be consistent with previous theoretical calculations and in better agreement with experiment.

In estimating the pole face loss due to the tooth ripple harmonics, the reaction effect of the rotor eddy current field with the airgap field should be taken into consideration. This reaction effect can be significant, particularly for the recent large synchronous generators.

We study the causality restrictions on the structure of the nonforward matrix element of the commutator of two conserved isovector currents. We give a fixed-pole interpretation of the noncausal contribution, derive a set of causality and current-algebra sum rules, and determine the structure of the equal-time commutator.

Hormonal extracts of cherry tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Small Fry at different stages of fruit development and maturation were bioassayed for their auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin and growth inhibitor activities. In general, the levels of endogenous growth promoters were much higher in the young developing fruits than in the more mature fruits. Free cytokinin levels were highest in the first two weeks of development then declined rapidly. However, cytokinin activity in the ribotide fraction, after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, decreased during thefirst three weeks of development then increased rapidly over the following four weeks. Auxin levels increased during early development to reach a maximum in three-week-old fruits after anthesis. Gibberellin levels during the first two weeks of development were much lower than those of auxins and cytokinins, but then increased to reach a peak in the fourth week after anthesis. A growth inhibiting substance with Rf similar to that of abscisic acid was found in the acidic fraction of the fruit extracts. This inhibitor increased gradually during fruit growth and development and reached a peak at the age of five weeks which coincides with the green mature stage.

Nonglucose reducing substances in blood constitute the "saccharoid fraction," which increases both in hyperand hypoglycemia. The phosphate esters, including weak-acid phosphates and fructose-1,6-diphosphate, constitute 14 to 25% of the saccharoid fraction in whole blood, 2 to 9% in plasma, and 24 to 35% in erythrocytes of normal rats treated with insulin or epinephrine and of alloxan diabetic rats treated with insulin. Glutathione, glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and creatinine (reported earlier) and the phosphate esters (reported here) altogether account for 75 to 100% of the saccharoid fraction under the experimental conditions used, except in the alloxan-diabetic rats, where on the fourth day of alloxan treatment a larger proportion was unaccounted for. The dynamic character of the saccharoid fraction is probably due to the evanescent nature of these phosphate esters.

Due to the discrete nature of the coefficients the poles and zeros of a digital filter transfer function cannot, in general, be realized exactly. This paper introduces a new concept ‘pole sparsity factor’ as a measure of the maximum possible pole deviation after tuning, for the case of second order circuits. A new second order circuit that exhibits lower pole sparsity factor compared to presently available circuits with the same number of multipliers is presented.

SummaryPreharvest sprays with 6-hydroxy-3-(2H)-pyridazinone (MH), or immersion in solutions of MH, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), coumarin or (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) inhibited both sprouting and rooting of treated carrots during storage at 0 °C whencompared with water-dipped or untreated carrots, while N-6-benzyl-adenine (BA) dips stimulated extensive rooting and sprouting. In contrast, immersion in gibberellic acid (GA3) solutions had very little effect.Storage atmospheres containing 1, 2.5, 5 or 10% oxygen inhibited both sprouting and rooting but increased mould infection. Atmospheres containing 21% (air) or 40% oxygen reduced mould infection, but increased sprouting and rooting of stored carrots. Washing carrots in water before storage did not significantly affect mould infection, while washing in 0.5% clorox increased it. However, washing in water followed by immersion in MH inhibited both sprouting and rooting and also reduced mould infection. ‘Jumbo’ and large-size carrots stored better than medium and small carrots.

Extending previous work we discuss the sum rules that follow from causality, scaling, and equal-time algebra for the nonforward (spinless) single-particle matrix element of the commutator of two conserved vector currents, using the recently introduced refined infinite-momentum technique. The complete set of sum rules is found to include those obtained from light-cone commutators. It also contains some additional ones.

The refined infinite-momentum limit approach is used in the derivation of sum rules for the real parts of current-particle forward scattering amplitudes. The sum rules are based on covariance, causality, and fixed-${q}^{2}$ unsubtracted dispersion relations in $\ensuremath{\nu}$ for the amplitudes. The fixed-mass sum rules so obtained are found to include those of the light-cone algebra. For amplitudes where the unsubtracted-dispersion-relation assumption is doubtful, the results are shown to be unaltered if once-subtracted dispersion relations are assumed instead. Convergence of the sum rules and inclusion of class-II contributions are also discussed.

Identification of risk factors is important for the design of control programmes for mastitis in cows. Information about farms and management was collected at a farm visit. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed to assess sub-clinical mastitis, and cows, udder and milk were examined for clinical mastitis. A total of 347 lactating cows from 83 farms in the dry season (November - February) and 388 lactating cows from 89 farms in the wet season (June - October) were studied. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 19.9% and 44.8% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mild mastitis was 17.3% and 40.7%, whereas that of moderate mastitis was 2.6% and 4.1% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was higher (P

When beef thyroid slices were incubated with thyrotropin (TSH), inorganic 127iodide accumulated in a rectilinear fashion for up to 8 hr of incubation, whereas little change was noted in controls. An oxygen atmosphere was essential for this effect. The log-dose response curve was biphasic, with hormone concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 mU/ml incubation medium. Maximum increases in stable iodide were achieved at 1 mU/ml TSH levels. Thiourea and/or perchlorate did not alter this biphasic response. TSH inhibited the protein binding of added radioiodide after 5 hr of incubation, although slice uptake was not impaired. Again the dose response was biphasic, with 1 mU/ml concentrations appearing to be most effective. In shorter incubations, however, the larger TSH doses increased radioiodine organification. Deiodination per se, as measured by the accumulation of radioiodide from diiodotyrosine- 131I in the presence of an excess of added carrier diiodotyrosine, was not stimulated by TSH. These data indicate ...

The catalytic behaviour of the spinels ZnxFe3–xO4 NixFe3–xO4 towards the recombination of oxygen atoms has been studied in the temperature range 20–50°C. The variation of the energy of activation for the reaction with x shows a maximum at approximately x= 0.6 in both the systems. This is believed to be due to the fact that the rate-determining step of the reaction involves the acceptance of an electron by the catalyst, and so is influenced by the Fermi level in the materials. There are two factors which determine the electronic nature of the catalysts : the delocalization of the electrons and the number of charge carriers. They produce a maximum in the Fermi level in each system for an intermediate value of x between 0 and 1. Consequently, there is a maximum in the activation energy pattern.

The bacterial load, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their artificial infection to Oreochromis niloticus were studied in water of four swamps in the Rajshahi University campus during November, 2001 to October, 2002. The load of P. aeruginosa was found to vary from 6.80×105 to 5.08×106 ml-1. In artificial infection to Oreochromis niloticus, the mortality rates was recorded at 90, 50, 30, 20 and 0% at 1.92 × 108, 1.92×107, 1.92×106 1.92×105 and 1.92×104 CFU fish ml-1, respectively. The average bacterial load in the swamps (1.92×106CFU ml-1) was slightly higher than that prevailed in the control pond (1.90×106CFU ml-1). Swamps can be utilized at the present bacterial load for the fish culture. Key words: Swamp, pathogenicity, Pseudomonas, Oreochromis niloticus. J. bio-sci. 14: 77-81, 2006

The study was done to find out the length of human vermiform appendix in Bangladeshi people to magnify the knowledge regarding the diverse length of human vermiform appendix in our population. A total 100 vermiform appendix were measured with different age and sex during routine postmortem examination in the autopsy laboratory of forensic medicine department of Mymensingh Medical College. This cross sectional study was done by convenient sampling technique. For convenience of differentiating the length of vermiform appendix in relation to different age and sex, findings were classified in four groups (up to 20 years, 21 to 35 years, 36 to 55 years and 56 to 70 years). Length of vermiform appendix was 2.6 cm to 14 cm. Mean length was 7.9 cm in female and 7.56 cm in male. The highest mean length of vermiform appendix in group A was 9.17 cm and lowest was 5.93 cm in group D. Key words: Human Vermiform Appendix; Length; Bangladesh DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.977 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 13-16

The experiment was carried out for 28 days from August to September 2007 to investigate the efficacy of Ivermectin and Neem plants against ectoparasites in calves. Effect of Ivermectin and Neem plants on certain blood parameters hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TEC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were studied in calves. A total of 15 calves were examined for the presence of ticks by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups as, Group A (infected control group), Group B (treated with Neem) and Group C (treated with Ivermectin). The therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was 100% against ectoparasites in calves on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the treatment of Ivermectin. Ivermectin and Neem showed significant effectiveness at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post treatment. The effects on TEC, Hb level was increased significantly at 7th, 14th and 28th day of treatment and PCV level was increased significantly on 28th day of treatment. On the other hand indigenous medicinal plant Neem leaves shown the efficacy of 68% at day 28 and body weight of Ivermectin and Neem treated calves also increased. All the calves after Ivermectin injection and Neem spray remained healthy, no adverse effect and calves appetite increased, growth and coat color improved rapidly. Keywords: Ivermectin; Neem; Ectoparasites; Haemoglobin DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4802 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 73-78, 2009

Organ transplantations have caused profound changes in saving the life in current days. Also raised several questions in the legal and ethical ground.In this paper we discussed legal considerations, donation procedures, death determination, diagnosis of brain death and organ transplantation act of Bangladesh. Key words: Legal guideline; organ transplantation; therapeutic tissue removal. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6282 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 174-177

Internal consistency of a development plan requires, among other things, some knowledge of the way in which increments of consumption expenditure will be distributed among various goods and services. This in turn requires, as the Second Five Year Plan emphasizes1, information on consumer budgets and income elasticities of demand. Moreover, planning is not simply a matter of matching expected spon¬taneous consumer demand with supply. Both the level and pattern of con¬sumption demand must be controlled to some extent if sufficient resources are to be mobilized for development. So far, in the course of industrial development in Pakistan consumption has been controlled mainly by import licensing, rather than by tax and credit policies. This kind of control over consumption becomes increasingly less effective, however, as industrialization proceeds and is successful in substitutiing domestically produced consumption goods for imports. In order to implement an effective policy of tax and credit controls over consumption, however, there is again the need for the kind of information that comes from an analysis of family budgets. Moreover, knowledge of income elasticities of demand has a special role to play in Pakistan in view of the large import of food grains by this country under the PL 480 programme. Effective utilization of these imports requires some information about the consumption pattern of the people of that area where they are to be absorbed.

Eighteen indigenous growing cattle of two years old having initial live weight of 100 ± 4.5 kg were used to investigate the bioavailability of phosphorus from different sources (Di-calcium phosphate, Bone meal, Sesame oil cake, Mustard oil cake and Poultry liter) and its effect on the nutrient utilization and phosphorus balance of cattle. The animals were divided into 6 groups having 3 animals in each to one of group and randomly allocated into six diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Six dietary treatments are : T0 (control diet), T1 (Control + DCP), T2 (Control + Bone meal), T3 (Control+ mustard oil cake), T4 (Control+ sesame oil cake) and T5 (Control + poultry litter). The controlled diet contained 0.20% P and DCP, Bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake and poultry litter were added to diets T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively to elevate the dietary P level of 0.45% for meet up the deficiency. The lowest daily DM intake (g/d) was observed in animals fed on diet T0 and the highest value was recorded for diet T5 and significantly (P0.05) affected by the supplementation of P from these sources. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in DCP and DCF contents among the dietary treatments. The apparent absorption of P (g/100g) was significantly (P>0.05) higher for dietary groups T2, T3 and T5 (74.50) than T0 (62.16), T1 (73.15) and T4 (70.16%). The true absorption of P for supplemented diets (T1, T2, T3 and T5) was numerically higher than the diet T0, and T4. P balance was significantly (P

Swamps are one of those types of lentic water bodies, which form links between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Dehadrai and Tripathi (1976) have characterized these water bodies as waterlogged, shallow water areas with a loose peaty bottom, rich in decaying organic matter retaining water either periodically or shrinking or drying summer months. There are numerous water bodies, including swamps, present in Bangladesh. But all of these water bodies are not used for scientific fish culture. To meet the increasing protein demand and to solve the unemployment problem in Bangladesh, swamps should be used for fish culture scientifically. This may also be helpful to destroy the habitat of many biological vectors such as mosquitoes. doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2158 J. bio-sci. 15: 165-168, 2007

The genus Morinda L. (Rubiaceae) has been revised for its species diversity in the flora of Bangladesh. The genus is represented by five species, viz., M. angustifolia Roxb. , M. citrifolia L. , M. persicaefolia Ham. , M. pubescens Smith and M. umbellata L. Of these, M. pubescens Smith is a new record for Bangladesh. A key to the species with vernacular names, descriptions, illustrations, photographs, ecology, uses, geographical distribution and status of occurrence in the flora is provided. Key words: Taxonomy; Morinda ; Rubiaceae; Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2.9766 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40 (2): 113-120, 2011 (December)

Retroperitoneal hematoma may occur as a result of trauma, rupture of arterial aneurysms (aortic or iliac), surgical complications, tumors and anticoagulation therapy. A life threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage or hematoma is an infrequent complication of anticoagulation treatment. Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with several advantages over unfractionated heparin. Nevertheless, enoxaparin use is not without risk and severe retroperitoneal bleeding may occur following its use with a potentially fatal outcome. We report a case of sixty six years old female patient who develops a fatal retroperitoneal hematoma two days after enoxaparin treatment for acute coronary syndrome. Keywords: Retroperitoneal hematoma; Enoxaparin; Acute coronary syndrome. DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v3i1.6434Cardiovasc. j. 2010; 3(1): 94-97

The purpose of this note is to discuss the nature of the problems created by the "impact of the capital expenditure on the subsequent liabilities of recurring expenditure" 1 of the government and to suggest certain remedies for either eliminating or reducing such problems. The problem, as stated below, basically relates to the financial planning of development projects. The installation of a development project involves capital costs. The running of the project, after its completion, involves the costs of operation and maintenance, i.e., the recurring costs. The purpose of financial planning is to maximize the surplus of returns over the costs of operation, including the maintenance and replacement costs.

As an approach to economic problems, the input-output analysis is in the tradition of general equilibrium econcmics. However, it is a general equilibrium analysis with numerical strength. It is a general equilibrium theory because it analyzes all the industrial sectors of the economy simultaneously with special emphasis on the production relations among the industries. It is an approach with numerical strength because the basic formulation of the theory is amenable to statistical implementation in the econometric sense. Being such, this approach can be, and has been, applied to provide numerical answers to problems related to total econcmic mobilization of an economy, e.g., for war, for peace or for economic development. For this reason, it has a direct policy orientation; and, can be usefully applied to planning for economic development.

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Tuber Crops Research Sub-station, Munshigonj of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to find out the effective and economical integrated weed control method in potato. Chenopodium album and Amaranthus viridis were the major weed species in potato field. Mulch (water hyacinth) along with herbicide application (Ronstar 25 EC @ 1 ml/L water) at 7 days after planting (DAP) was found most effective in controlling weed population (94 to 95%) upto 30 days of planting than that employed by only mulch (45 to 53%). The weeds were found to reduce tuber yield to the extent of 43 percent. Mulching plus herbicide spraying at 7 DAP followed by one time uprooting of weeds by hand at 25 DAP produced the highest tuber yield of 23.39 t/ha in 2005-06 and 29.58 t/ha in 2006-07 and it was most effective in controlling weeds as compared to unweeded and mulched plots. The highest net returns (Tk. 116141/ha in 2005-06 and Tk. 205646/ha in 2006-07) and maximum benefit cost ratio of 2.64 and 3.28 were noted with mulching by water hyacinth + herbicide application at 7 DAP + one time weed uprooting by hand at 25 DAP. Key Words: Weed management, mulching, herbicide, potato tuber yield. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2309 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 647-654, December 2008

Investigations have been carried out to determine the complex ion formation between cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid and cuprous chloride and potassium chloride in the aqueous and solid phase. An indirect method to determine the concentration of the components in the solid phase was employed due to the highly oxidisable nature of cuprous ions. Rectangular curves were drawn. In the case of hydrochloric acid, complexes like H2CuCl3 and H3CuCl4 are formed in the liquid phase while H2CuCl3; H3CuCl4 are formed in the solid phase. For potassium chloride, complexes like K3CuCl4 and K2CuCl3 were found to exist in the aqueous phase and KCuCl2 and K2CuCl3 were obtained in the solid phase. The amount of cuprous chloride going into solution with increasing amount of KCl was found to be lesser for HCl under identical conditions. Es werden die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen uber die Komplexbildung zwischen CuCl und HCl bzw. KCl in Losung und im Bodenkorper mitgeteilt. Zur Konzentrationsbestimmung der Komponenten im Bodenkorper wird eine indirekte Methode benutzt. Im System CuClHCl liegen in Losung die Komplexe H2CuCl3 und H3CuCl4 vor, analoge Komplexe finden sich in Losung im System CuClKCl, wahrend im Bodenkorper KCuCl2 und K2CuCl2 vorliegen.

The present study was performed in the Department of Medicine and in Veterinary clinic of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from January to June 2002. Myositis was produced experimentally by injecting oil of turpentine in the gluteal muscles of 4 goats of which 2 goats were given treatment with Diclofenac sodium @1mg/kg body weight (treatment group) for consecutive 3 days and remaining 2 goats were reared as control without giving treatment (control group). All the goats were observed for 7 days. Myositis was characterized by reduced appetite, increased body temperature (1-2°F), lameness, local swelling and cellular changes in blood level. The appetite in both groups reduced sharply from 1st day of myositis and improved from day 2 and became normal on 3rd day after treatment. Body temperature reduced to normal level from 2nd day after administration of diclofenac sodium but in control group, it came down in the same condition from 4th day onward. Moderate lameness was observed in all the goats of both groups. In treatment group lameness reduced completely in 100% goats after 2 consecutive days of treatment but in control group similar result was observed on day 6. Moderate local swelling was reduced to normal level in treatment group 2 days post treatment remain moderate in control group. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both groups in myositic condition than in healthy condition and it came down to normal level in treatment group 3 days post treatment and in control group it remained higher. Similar changes were observed in Neutrophil count. The number of lymphocyte was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in myositic condition than in healthy ones which again reached to normal level within 3 days of treatment. Key words: Myositis, goat, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1345 Bangl.  J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 99-102

Intestinal tuberculosis is still a common abdominal problems in developing countries like us.Sixty cases of intestinal tuberculosis admitted in the surgical wards of Mymensingh MedicalCollege Hospital over 2 years with different presentations have been studied here. All of themunder went through surgical procedures for their management. The age range of the patientswas 13 to 55 years and most commonly involved age group was 20-40 years. Male to femaleratio was 1:1.4. 60% of the patients were in low socio-economic group and 20% of the patientshad got the positive history of contact. 60% of the patients presented with chronic intestinalobstruction. The most commonly involved site was lleocaecal region in 51.6% of the patients.Right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis was performed commonly 63.3% of thepatients but limited resection and stricturoplasty are also safe and effective procedures.doi: 10.3329/taj.v16i1.3899TAJ June 2003; Vol.16(1): 24-27

Water borne diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh, where disease outbreaks occur due to unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygienic practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of water used for drinking as well as household purposes in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Eighteen water samples were collected from different rivers and canals. Among those, two samples were treated with chlorine. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, salinity, turbidity, conductivity and dissolved oxygen) were monitored during the time of sample collection using portable meters. For microbiological analysis, water samples were collected in sterile screw capped bottle. All Experiments were carried out within 24 hours after collecting the samples. All the water sources were found to be contaminated with total coliform, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp. , Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. , Vibrio c holerae , Aeromonas spp. and Fungi except treated water samples. Several biochemical tests were performed for confirmation of suspected organisms. According to these results, huge amount of total coliform and faecal coliform were observed in every sample and these amount were very much similar for other organisms. Treated water samples were found to be microbiologically accepted than untreated water samples. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v1i1.9132 Stamford Journal of Microbiology , Vol.1(1), July 2011, p.42-45

The present study was undertaken to detect and quantify the left over residue of Diazinon and Carbosulfan in brinjal and Quinalphos in yard long bean and comparison between the detected residue level with maximum residue level (MRL) set by FAO (1970). Three supervised field trials (two for brinjal and one for yard long bean) were carried out sprayed with the field dose (1.5 ml/L of water) of Diazinon, Carbosulfan, and Quinaiphos. Samples were collected daily after spraying till residue were found. In case of Diazinon, left over residue was found upto 6 days after spray (DAS), and upto 3 DAS, the level of residue was above the MRL. Carbosulfan residue was detected till 7 DAS and the detected quantity of residue was above MRL upto 3 DAS. Left over residue of Quinalphos in yard long bean sample was detected upto 6 DAS and upto 4 DAS the level of residue was above the MRL. Key Words: Residue, Diazinon, Carbosulfan, Quinalphos. brinjal, yard long bean. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1609 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 503-513, September 2008

The present study was carried out to know the seasonal effect on the hatchability of duck eggs in five private poultry farms at Gaibandha, Bangladesh. Eggs were set in artificial hatching bamboo made cylinders from different number of ducklings. Present observation revealed that the hatchability of duck eggs is highest in March (88.966 ± 2.11) and in June it is lowest (66.398 ± 0.63). In June the highest unfertilized eggs (25.532 ± 1.22) have been recorded followed by March (4.822 ± 0.68), January (10.164 ± 0.12), April (10.408 ± 0.31) and May (13.250 ± 1.37). The loss eggs were recorded highest in January (21.244 ± 1.36) and the lowest in March (4.874 ± 2.05). Least-square analysis of variance showed that individual months had significant effects on the hatchability of duck eggs. Key words: Duck egg, artificial incubation, hatching Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol.25 2006 p.37-40

Secured message transactions are very much desirable for electronic communications in so many ways. A secured message transaction technique has been designed, developed and implemented using Java programming language. For this, a symmetric key encryption technique dynamic Hill cipher has been used for message encryption-decryption with a dynamic key length. A square-matrix of the given key length has been generated with the property that modulo operation of the product of the matrix and the inverse of that matrix is identity. The intended message is converted into binary form. Performs the bitwise-XOR operation of the equal two halves of the binary form and repeats the operations 3 times to generate the message digest (MD), and concatenate it with the message. Encrypts them using the Hill cipher technique with the key matrix and then send them to the destination. In the receiving end, the reverse process is performed to retrieve the message in secured manner. This process can be applied in many cryptographic applications as well as research works. Key Words: Security, Message Security, Message Digest, Hill Cipher and Cipher. DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v5i1.4383 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.5(1) 2010 pp.62-66

Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} The experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative efficacy of indigenous medicinal plants, dadmardan ( Cassia alata ) and neem ( Azadiracta indica ) and ivermectin against skin lesions in calves and goats. Twelve calves of 8- 12 months and twelve goats of 1-2 years of age irrespective of sex having skin lesions (ringworm, scabies, humpsore, wounds) were used in the experiment. Selected calves and goats were divided into four equals groups (group A,BC and D), each group consists of 3 calves and 3goats. The group A kept as control group. The group B was treated with ivermectin (Cevamec 1% (R) @200 ug/kg body weight subcutaneously ,group C with dadmardan ointment (30%) ointment topically and group D with 30% combined ointment(dadmardan and neem leaves) topically. Calves and goats treated with ivermectin were almost cured within18 days and the rate of healing was 98.36% & 99.03% respectively whereas animals treated with dadmardan ointment cured at 30 th days of treatment in calves and at 27 th days of treatment in goats and the rate of healing was 99.80% & 99.88% respectively and those treated with combined ointments of dadmardan and neem leaves cured at 27 th days of treatment in calves and at 24 th day of treatment in goats and the rate of healing was 99.94% & 99.35% respectively. Ivermectin treatment was more effective in comparison to other treatments considering the time required for healing. On the other hand, treatment with the onitmemts of indigenous medicinals plants were more effective considering the rate of healing. It may be concluded that the ointments of indigenous medicinals plants (dadmardan ointment and the combined ointment of dadmardan and neem leaves) may be used as alternative drugs for the treatment of skin lesions in calves and goats.

Noonan's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with a webbed neck that mimics turner syndrome. However, the syndrome has also been found to be genetically heterogeneous. Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, hyperkeratosis of skin, distinct facial features, lymphoreticular abnormalities, nail dystrophy. No abnormality in chromosome number has so far been reported. Here we present a 25 year old female who came to Bangladesh Medical College Hospital in May'08, with generalized skin eruptions and left leg swelling. Key words: Noonan's syndrome, genetic disorders DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v8i3.3986 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2009 p68-71

The purpose of the study was to determine food security through homestead vegetable production. The study was conducted in the Bhaluka, Trishal and Gaforgaon upazilas of Mymensingh district, which were the project areas of the Smallholder Agricultural Improvement Project (SAIP). Sixty (60) respondents were randomly selected from the beneficiaries of SAIP. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with the help of interview schedule. Most of the respondents were middle-aged having small farm size and primary level education. Vegetable production, consumption and calorie uptake of the respondent were increased by 56%, 55% and 68%, respectively, after implementation of demonstration. All the respondents are following the ‘Kalikapur' model. Nutrient contribution from the produced vegetables through homestead vegetable production fulfilled the 100% Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) requirements of vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron, also 87% of calcium and 47% of protein. Four vegetable crops i.e. red amaranth, cabbage, tomato and batishak were introduced into the existing cropping pattern. Changes in social and livelihood issues of a respondent were satisfactory after demonstration. Majority of the respondents (45%) earned satisfactory annual income having homestead. Shortage of irrigation water, quality seeds and inputs cost were the major problems faced by the farmers in homestead vegetable production. Keywords: Food Security; Homestead vegetables DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4820 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 261-269, 2008

The characteristics of leachate and its probable risks on surface and groundwater pollution were investigated following the analysis of some chemical parameters of the leachate generated in the Matuail landfill site, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The laboratory test results on untreated grab leachate samples show high concentration of TDS (734 ppm), COD (1631 ppm), NH 4 +-N (1253 ppm), HCO 3 - (27962 ppm) and certain heavy metals such as Ni (1.05 ppm) and Cr (0.74 ppm) and have very high potential for contaminating ground and surface water. Biological treatment through aeration and sedimentation improves the quality of leachate significantly. However, parameters such as COD (1437 ppm) are found to be still high even after treatment. The surface water samples around the landfill site appear to be contaminated, most probably, through the overflow of leachate. Groundwater parameters, however, satisfy drinking water quality standard except, the concentration of NH 4 +-N (maximum 74.2 ppm) and K (maximum 25 ppm). Key words: Leachate; Pollution; Solid waste; Landfill DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i2.9418 JBAS 2011; 35(2): 153-160

Monthly variations of the physicochemical parameters in some selected water bodies (12 Beels and 210 ponds) in Natore during July 2006 and June 2007 have been studied. The highest values for water temperature, alkalinity, ammonia, free CO2, DO, pH and total hardness in Beel waters were 31.5°C (May '07), 180ppm (January and February '07), 2.5ppm (September '06), 9.6ppm (April '07), 7.5ppm (January '07), 8.6 (December '06) and 190ppm (February '07), respectively and the lowest values were 15°C (February '07), 35ppm (October '06), 0.5ppm (December '06), 6.3ppm (January '07), 4.8ppm (April '07), 6.8 (September '06) and 50ppm (September '06), respectively. The highest and lowest values of these parameters in pond waters were 33°C (May '07), 200ppm (March'07), 2.3ppm (July '06), 9.3ppm (April '07), 7.5ppm (January '07), 8.6 (November '06) and 200ppm (February '07) respectively, and 17°C (December '06), 50ppm (October '06), 0.6ppm (December '06 and January '07), 6.4ppm (January '07), 5.0ppm (May '07), 6.2 (April '07) and 40ppm (September '06) respectively. Changing in water quality parameters resulted in a stress response in the fishes, making them more susceptible to parasitic attacks and diseases, many of them being fatal. Key words: Beels; ponds; water quality parameters; fish diseases DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7493 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 27-30, 2007

An experiment was conducted to compare the efficacies of some selected antibiotics and medicinal plants against common bacterial fish pathogens viz., Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda. Four different antibiotics viz., CFCIN (ciprofloxacin), Renamycin (oxytetracycline), DT-10 (doxycicline) and Sulfatrim (sulphadiazine + trimethoprim) were exposed in different doses (100, 75, 50 and 25 ppm) to the culture of freshly isolated bacteria under the in vitro condition for sensitivity test and minimum inhibitory dose (MID) was determined. Based on in vitro results, antibiotics were applied to the experimental infection of Thai silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus . CFCIN showed the best result with 100% recoveries of challenged fish in prolonged bath treatment. Medicinal plants were selected on the basis of previous studies. Crude extracts were prepared from various parts (leaves and bulb) of garlic, turmeric, akand and neem and four different doses were applied to the fresh culture of pathogenic isolates under the in-vitro condition to determine minimum inhibitory dose (MID). However, garlic offered the best result with 90.00 ± 2.89% recoveries of challenged fish in aquarium trial. Akand + neem, turmeric and akand showed moderate to weak recovery rates with the same dose. The present study thus showed that medicinal plants would be an effective control measure along with antibiotics against bacterial fish diseases. Keywords: Efficacy; Medicinal plants; Bacterial fish pathogens DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4980 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 163-168, 2009