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A total of 869 blood samples collected in Ishigaki Island were tested for 9 blood groups-ABO, MNSs, Rh, Q, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, Kidd and Diego blood groups, and the following results were obtained.The O gene frequency (γ) of the ABO blood groups was considerably higher than that of the Japanese, and the distribution of MNSs groups appeared to be different from it.The incidence of Rh negative individuals was 1.04%, which was intermediate between those of the Japanese and Ainu.The frequency of gene Jka was estimated at 0.1977, which was considerably lower than that of the Japanese.The incidence of Di (a+) type individuals was 6.45%.Genetic distance analysis was carried out to approach the estimation of genetic similarity between the populations.The results indicated that the in-habitants of Ishigaki Island were considerably different from the Ryukyuans of Miyako and Okinawa, though they were more similar to the latter than to the Japanese of Honshu, so far as the data of the 9 blood group systems are con-cerned.The relationships to the Ainu could not unequivocally be demonstrated.The population groups of the Japanese islands dealt with in the present study were equally far apart from the European.

In order to obtain an optically-active β-(2-thiazolyl)-β-alanine, N-acyl-L-aspartic α-thionamide-β-methyl ester was condensed with diethyl bromoacetal, but the amino acid thus obtained showed no perceptible optical activity. The racemic amino acid, however, could be resolved into its antipodes by treating its phthalyl derivative with brucine. Thus, the (+)-amino acid, a constituent of bottromycin, was isolated in a pure state; it was determined to belong to the L-series by examining its optical behavior. This amino acid was proved to racemize easily under the conditions of the acid hydrolysis of bottromycin.

The ENDOR intensities of several semiquinone anion radicals were measured at various temperatures. The optimum temperature for the ENDOR intensity of protons in a radical was interpreted on the basis of their characteristic ways of relaxation. The electron nuclear dipolar (END) mechanism could be applied very well in most cases. However, in the case of protons whose END terms are very small this interaction might not explain the optimum temperature. Possible substitute mechanisms were discussed.

論文タイプ||研究ノート

Further studies on the chimeras appearing in the storage roots, stems and leaves of sweet potatoes were made, and some new data are given in the present paper. Agronomic variety OKINAWA-No.l00. In the ordinary strain of OKINAWA-No.l00, the surface colour of storage roots is light red. From this strain, one storage root that was light yellow on its entire surface appeared by somatic mutation. The storage roots of the next generation propagated by stem cutting from this mutant were not always light yellow, and there appeared often the individuals having storage roots that were light red, light yellow or striped or flecked with both colours, though it seems to be accepted usually that mutant colour may be kept in the next generation thus propagated. In view of the fact observed the following passibilities may be cited regarding the causes of this phenomenon. (1) In the light yellow or light red storage roots, the genes in regard to the colour were unstable in the cells of meristems forming the periblem of atems, so that the next generation of such storage roots is not fixed to their colour. (2) Even if the surface of storage roots is light yellow or red, the genes in the cells of meristems forming the periblem of stems may be different from those of the surface of storage roots, the cells of different kind being distributed as Chimeras in the tissues. So that the stems derived from a single storage root of an uniform colour may form storage roots of different surface colour, according to the genes in the tissues from which the stems were originated. Agronomic variety Gokoku. In a large cultivation of GOKOKU, a chlorophyll deficient mutant was found. This plant had four nodes, and the shoot from the undermost one was provided with normal leaves and stems, while those from the other three had chimeral leaves and stems in white and green or in red and green. Observing this chimeral plant morphologically and historogically, the sectorial, the periclinal and the mericlinal conditions in chimeral consitution were found. In the cultivation of OKlNAWA-No.1OO and GOKOKU and other strains of sweet potatoes, various mutants in the colour and other characters occur quite frequently, so that it is quite necessary to pay precise attention in selecting seed storage roots in order to avoid the deterioration of the strains.

(1) レゾルシン反応において,呈色液の褪色性は室温で1時間放置すると約3%, 2時間で5.8%であった. (2) アンスロン反応において,呈色液の褪色性は室温で1時間放置しても,ほとんど褪色を認めないが,その後は徐々に褪色を行ない, 3時間で約2%の裾色が認められた. (3) グルコースをglucose oxidaseで酸化して,グルコン酸とすることにより, 33倍程度のグルコースが存在してもフラクトースの安定した比色定量が可能である. (4) アンスロン反応によるフラクトースの検量線は,実験計画法より2次式とするのが適当である. (5) 検量線の多項式および信頼区間が定まったが,後者はこの実験値から推定する場合のもので,従ってこの曲線を利用して新しい測定値から推定する場合には,その測定値の誤差が加わることになる. (6) 検量線の検討で測定回の影響が有意なので,試料と同時に標準試料を発色すれば,上の多項式だけで推定するより精度を向上すると思われるが,しかし分析する人,使用器具,試薬等が同一であれば,それほど神経質にならず, 1本の検量曲線で,ある期間は間に合うのではないかと思われる.もちろん必要な精度を考慮した上である. (7) グルコースをglucose oxidaseで33倍程度のグルコースが,シュクロースをカラム・クロマトグラフィーで除くことにより,フラクトースを平均99.7±0.94%の精度で定量を行なうことができる. (8) 本報は食品中の各種糖類の定量の一環として行なったものであるが,第1報と異なり,カーボンカラム・クロマトグラフィーを使用するところから,このクロマトグラフィーで水にて溶出してくる糖(主としてグルコース,フラクトース以外の単糖類)が存在する場合は少し問題がある.しかし現在一般の食品の場合は,そのような糖が存在することは非常にまれなことと考えられる(例外としてガラクトース添加食品).

Paper spheres with initial diameters (d0) ranging from 0.8 cm to 4.5 cm have been burned in air, at variable speeds ranging from zero to 160 cm/sec, and oxygen concentrations from 21% to 70%. The burning times (tb) were found to obey a fairly close approximation of the standard “square-law” relation even though 80% of the mass loss was by pyrolysis. The burning constant (Kb) in the equation obtained: tb=Kb·d01.85; was a function of velocity, decreasing up to Re=2800 (based on the combustion tube), and then increasing again beyond that. The burning times also became almost linear with diameter indicating a transition from diffusional to kinetic dominance at Re, based on the sphere, of 2000. The variation of Kb with oxygen concentration was substantially as predicted; and adequate agreement was obtained between the experimental and calculated values of the burning constant KD of the char alone, and also of the combustion temperature. Simultaneous weight and diameter measurements were also made as these varied with time. From these, densities were calculated showing that the char residue that remained after termination of pyrolysis, burned out at constant density. The conclusions were that the pyrolysis and the char combustion were substantially independent (except for competition for oxygen), with both proceeding simultaneously for 80% of the total weight loss. Even so, char burn-out, of 10% of the total weight, took 60% of the burning time in air. The relevance of these data to incinerator behavior is also discussed.

DL-β(2-Pyridyl)-α-alanine has been synthesized in a good yield by the condensation of α-picolyl chloride and diethyl acetamidomalonate and by the subsequent hydrolysis of the product. The N-carbobenzoxy derivative of this amino acid, quite different from 3-pyridylalanine reported by Griffith and Harwood, could easily be prepared in a good yield. Only the carbodiimide method and the N-bromosuccinimide method proved to be successful in bringing the N-carbobenzoxylated amino acid into a peptide-coupling reaction with an amine component. Other methods, i. e., the mixed anhydride method, the azide method and the p-nitrophenyl ester method, were unsuccessful. It is noteworthy that, in the former cases, the activation of the carboxyl group occurs in situ in the presence of an amine component. No difficulties were encountered in the coupling reaction of the alkyl ester of this amino acid with usual N-protected amino acids. The alkaline hydrolysis of the protected dipeptide ester afforded the N-protected peptide i...

Characteristics of quinone-induced carcinoma and fructose-induced sarcoma were described from their susceptibility to neurotropic viruses. Fixed rabies virus did not propagate at all in either tumor. Since Col-SK and WEE viruses multiplied well in the carcinoma, their growth pattern in the tumor was analyzed, together with their invasiveness into the central nervous system.

Detailed maps of “mixing delay time” (τd) and backmix concentration have been made for dispersion of helium tracer in carrier air, to investigate mixing patterns in isothermal combustion chamber models, for unswirled and swirled jets (single and double vortex). Normals to the iso-delay time surfaces are interpreted as “information flow paths” for optimum transit of input concentration changes throughout the chamber. The flow path is modeled by finite elements as a series of Perfectly Stirred Reactors, assumed variable in size, with convective forward and backmix flows (vf and vb) passing through each P.S.R in turn. Other models, based on separate forward and backmix streams with or without cross-mixing, were found to be inadequate. The accepted model satisfactorily predicted the characteristics of unsteady-state tracer response to cut-off, at any chamber location, and enabled prediction of τd for different backmix ratios and P.S.R. sizes. τd, and hence the stirring factor W, are shown to be unique functions of a Peclet Number defined in terms of a flow path length (L) and a mixing dispersion coefficient (Ds). Pe=vL/Ds, for a net flow velocity v. Pe is also related to the backmix ratio by Pe=−ln(vb/vf)N, where N is the number of P.S.R. cells in the flow path. The model is supported by experiment, particularly by way of agreement on values of W calculated directly from delay-time measurements in unsteady-state experiments, and calculated indirectly from Pe Numbers obtained in steady-state backmix experiments. The results indicate that global or macromixing is probably dominated by convective flows rather than turbulence. This also may be true of some aspects of combustion behavior.

DL-β-(4-Thiazolyl)-α-alanine has been synthesized in a good yield by the condensation of 4-thiazolylmethyl chloride and diethyl acetamidomalonate, and by the subsequent hydrolysis of the product. The N-carbobenzoxy derivative of this amino acid could be prepared easily and transformed to its p-nitrophenyl ester and t-butoxycarbonylhydrazide, but it was found difficult to obtain the methyl ester or the benzyl ester directly from this amino acid. Carbobenzoxy-DL-β-(4-thiazolyl)-α-alanyl-glycine benzyl ester has been synthesized by several coupling methods: its yield decreased in the following order: p-nitrophenyl ester>dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (glycine ester was used as a free base)>dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (glycine ester p-toluenesul-fonate was used without triethylamine)>dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (glycine ester p-toluenesulfonate was used with triethylamine)>mixed anhydride. The alkaline hydrolysis of the protected di-peptide ester afforded the N-protected peptide in a good yield. Decarbobenzoxylation did ...

In order to obtain a large quantity of a peptide-like substance in human urine which has been proven to have a marked tuberculostatic activity in a small-scale experiment, column chromatography using charcoal and ion exchange resins (Amberlite CG400, Dowex 50) was performed. About 3.0g of the active fraction (Fr. aE) was isolated from 18, 000kg of urine by this procedure. This fraction inhibited the growth of virulent tubercle bacilli in the concentration of 16 mcg/ml but did not inhibit the growth of other bacteria than tubercle bacilli and fungi even in the concentration of 250 mcg/ml. This fraction contains a peptide-like substance which may play an important role in natural resistance of human body against tuberculous infection., この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

For improvement of oil-solubility, authors have studied about the preparative methods of resol and rosin-modified phenolics using the resol as follows : 1) Phenol resol was obtained by the reaction of acid condensation at pH 15 and at 50°C for eight to ten hours from the methylolated phenol which was prepared by the reaction of phenol (1mol) with formaldehyde (0.83.0mol) in the presence of sodium hydroxide (0.2mol, 45% concentration) at room temperature for a day. Average composition of the resol is shown by the _??_OH CH2 OH CH2OH formula in case of the mole-ratio of phenol to formaldehyde being 1 : 1.2) Some kinds of rosin-modified phenolics were prepared by heating rosin, resol and glycerine, and the relations of oil-solubility and softening point of the resins to the properties and contents of the resol were examined. Oil-solubility of the rosin-modified phenolics prepared is solely affected by the resol content and is independent for the kinds of the resol prepared under various conditions.The limit of resol content allowing oil-solubility is 25% by weight. When the resol to be used is left for more than ten days, the lowering of softening point of the resins can be seen, compared with the case using the resol soon after the preparation.The rosin-modified phenolics prepared here have shown excellent oil-solubility inspite of their high softening points (140180°C).

1. A known proportion of colloid was added to dilute, dialyzed latex (rubber content 3.5 per cent) to determine the effect of colloids on the coagulation of latex. Various proportions of 0.2 N acids were added; the mixtures were then left for 24 hours. The relations between the state of coagulation of latex and the proportion of acid are shown graphically. 2. The coagulation curves of acetic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids show that latex is coagulated by a definite quantity of acid, above which proportion the coagulation disappears and then reappears by further addition of acid. The first coagulation is apparently governed by the p H value of the dispersed medium, and the charge on the surface of the rubber particles is opposite to that of rubber dispersed in an alkaline medium. The second coagulation is governed by the concentration of cations. 3. Gum arabic, casein, saponin, gum tragacanth, glue, “funori,” or hemoglobin were added to latex and coagulation obtained by the addition of 0.2 N acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Each gave the characteristic curve of a protective colloid; dextrin, however, had no influence on the coagulation curve. 4. The influence of the colloids on the coagulation curve is of particular interest in studying further the properties of colloids and rubber particles, and this will be discussed in detail in connection with further investigations.

・OHラジカルとエチレングリコール,1,2および1,3-プロパンジオール,2,3および1,3-ブタンジオール,グリセリンのガラス状固体中における反応をESR法を用いて研究した。D-ソルピトール粉末多結晶についても同様な研究を行なった。多価アルコールと過酸化水素のガラス状混合物に77°Kで低圧水銀燈を用いて紫外線照射した。最初に幅の広い対称な一重項が観測され,これはOHラジカルによってアルコールのα位水素が引抜かれて生成したアルコールラジカルに帰属された。紫外線照射により更に数種のラジカルが生成し,この中にはアルコ一ルラジカルより脱水素により生成したカルボニル基を持つラジカルと,ホルミルラジカルが含まれる。この他,グリコ一ル類についてg値が自由電子の値に近い鋭い一重項が生成するのが認められた。

電子スピン共鳴吸収法(ESR法)は,フリ-ラジカル(FR)研究の有力な方法として広く利用され,とくにFRの反応を追跡する上の有用さが認められている。過酸化水素(H202)の光分解により生成したHOラジカル(またはHO2ラジカル)が低級アルコールと反応し,アルキルラジカル置換体を生成することは,Ingramらによって過酸化水素一低級アルコール系の低温における紫外線照射の研究において見いだきれた。この種の反応は高級多価アルコール,とくに生体の素材として重要な糖類,デンプン,セルロースにおいても同様に進行し,各種のFRを生成する。このような高級多価アルコールとの反応を検討し,ここで生成した各種FRを,従来研究されている高エネルギー放射線照射で生成したFRと比較検討することは興味深い。われわれは今回,PVA,ペンタエリトリットなどの非環状高級多価アルコール,デンプン,セルロースなどと過酸化水素の系に対し低温で紫外線照射を行ない,ESR法を用いて生成したFRの構造とその反応を検討した。

It has been attempted, by the ESR technique, to study the steady-state photopolymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate, using hydrogen peroxide as the initiating substance. The observed steady-state radical concentration has been found to coincide within a factor of two with the calculated value, Eq. 3, derived under the assumption of a simple kinetic treatment. Although, it has been shown that the calculated decay curve deviates from the observed curve in the later period of decay, especially in the case of methyl methacrylate; such a discrepancy seems to be explainable if the reaction rate decreases with the chain length of the polymerizing radicals.