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(1) The animals show a tendency to collect in small groups soon after strychnin or nicotin is applied. (2) Strychnin acts specifically on the body of the animal, selecting and depressing especially the locomotor organs on the right and at the anterior end of the cell. The posterior cilia and the still active cilia on the left then turn the animal in the counter-clockwise direction, with the posterior in advance of the anterior end. Eventually, all the cilia are paralyzed. The animals remain on their ventral surfaces. (3) Nicotin also acts selectively on the body of the animal, depressing especially the posterior cilia and those on the left side of the cell. The only cilia on the right which are not depressed early are the long ones at the mouth of the oral groove. As long as an animal remains on its ventral surface, these cilia of the groove and the still active ones at the extreme anterior end turn the cell in the counter-clockwise direction with the anterior in advance of the posterior end. (4) Some time after nicotin is applied the animals cease turning in the counter-clockwise direction, respond irregularly for a short time, and eventually go forward turning over and over as they go. This turning of an animal on its long axis is due to the action of the cilia at the mouth of the groove which normally tend to cause the organism to rotate in this way, but which ordinarily fail to cause the rotation because other cilia (which are now depressed) overcome the effects of the groove cilia and keep the animal on its ventral surface. It is only after certain cilia, presumably those on the left side, are paralyzed that the cilia of the groove can turn the animal as they normally tend to do. The turning over and over as the poisoned animals go forward ceases finally, as the cilia of the groove become depressed, and then the great majority of the animals come to rest on their dorsal surfaces. After this the animals turn again in the spiral fashion in the counter-clockwise direction with respect to their dorsal surfaces. All the cilia are eventually paralyzed.

(1) There is at most only a superficial resemblance between the picture of strychnin poisoning of the unicellular forms studied and that of the vertebrate. (2) The unicellular forms are rendered less responsive and the vertebrate first more and then less responsive to external stimuli. (3) It was not possible to detect a state of heightened activity of the animals while they were reviving from the effects of strychnin after the drug was washed off in time for the animals to survive. and approach their normal state of behavior. (4) There was often an increase in the number of reactions of the animals during the processes of vacuolation and cytolysis. These are dying struggles, which are not comparable to the strychnin spasms of the vertebrate. In the first place, they are due to depression which occurs to such an extent that the movements are small and uncoordinated. In the second place, the animals are not more but less responsive than usual to external stimulation at this time.

Grundlage statistischer Entscheidungsmodelle ist eine unrealistische HO- dies führt zu einer Gefahr der Fehlinterpretation, wenn Signifikanztests nicht mehr nur ein Glied in einer von der sozialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellung her relevanten Forschung darstellen, sondern heute oftmals zum Ritual werden, indem sie als Rechtfertigung für die Forschung dienen und so den Anspruch eines Relevanzkriteriums erheben. Ein solcher - an ihrer ursprünglichen Konzeption gemessener - Mißbrauch der Signifikanztests kann möglicherweise verringert werden, wenn man Entscheidungsmodelle so umformuliert, daß der Forscher gezwungen wird, bestimmte Gesichtspunkte der Relevanz - die, wie gezeigt wird, auf jeden Fall implizit in die Signifikanztests eingehen - explizit zu formulieren. Dies wird exemplarisch am Beispiel des t-Test-Modells diskutiert, und daraus wird ein solches Alternativmodell ansatzweise entwickelt.

The “R”and “S”forms of the lepra bacillus show definite biological differences. The “S”form is a smooth and moist colony while the “R”form is wrinkled and dry. The “R”form grows the more rapidly, forms a flaky suspension and is more thermostable. After several months of subculturing, both forms remained pure. The “S”form are acid-fast rods the majority of which contain 2–5 small granules. The “R”form are short rods showing a predominance of large bipolar granules and surrounded by a thicker capsular zone. The significance of the small granules in the “S”form and the large polar granules in the “R”form is not fully understood. It is reasonable to believe that the small granules in the “S”form are signs of degeneration while the large granules in the “R”form may represent a stage of quiescence resembling a spore stage. The presence of the much thickened capsular zone and the higher thermal death-point in the “R”form may have some relation to its stability and resistance to disintegration.Since the “S”form reverts to the “R”during its adaptation on artificial media and the “S”variant can later be isolated from the “R”it must be assumed the “S”and “R”are reversible. The “S”being the typical and the “R”the mutant form.

The plasma cholesterol levels of 6-month-old 500-g male retired breeder rats were significantly higher than the plasma cholesterol levels of 71-day-old 200-g adult male rats of the same strain. Oxandrolone administration daily for 21 days reduced the plasma cholesterol of the retired breeder rats 41% to a level below that of the young adult males. There was no difference in weight between the oxandrolone-treated retired breeder rats and their controls. The hypocholesterolemic properties of oxandrolone and the virtues of retired breeder rats as an experimental model are discussed.This research was supported in part by the Veterans Administration Hospital and G. D. Searle and Company.

The recent chrome acid-fast culture produces lesions in the rabbit that grossly and microscopically resemble those seen in human leprosy. Here, the lesion is definitely progressive over a period of 4 or more months. During this period it is noteworthy that the exciting microörganism steadily increases in number. The “foamy” cells are crowded with dense colony-like masses of the specific bacillus. The chromogenic acid-fast bacillus was recovered in culture from the lesions of the animals 4 months following the last injection. The isolation of the bacillus used in the experiment was more difficult from the lesions that were 4 months old than from the earlier lesions. Visible growth occurred only after 4 weeks' incubation. In the control animals no gross or microscopic lesions were noted 4 months after the last inoculation. The cultures inoculated with material from these animals remained sterile after 4 weeks' incubation.

It would appear from the work of others that a filtrable form of B. lepræexists in vivofor the respective bacilli of human and rat leprosy, since in vitrogrowth is said to have occurred from the cultured filtrates. Employing filtrates of cultures of B. lepræ chrome(Duval) we have been unable after repeated attempts to demonstrate a filtrable stage of this microörganism.

The writer isolated1a “rough'and “smooth'form of a chromogenic acid-fast bacillus which was recovered from the human leprous lesion. The 2 forms differed both morphologically and culturally. A study was made to determine any difference in pathogenicity. Inoculations of rabbits began about a year ago. Large doses of the 2 forms were given at frequent intervals over a considerable length of time. Three rabbits were respectively injected with the “R'form subcutaneously, intraäbdominally and intranasally, and 3 other animals received the “S'form by the same routes. Preliminary to the injections of living bacilli, all 6 rabbits received several injections of a lepra broth-filtrate to produce, if possible, an allergic condition which would enhance the growth of the acid-fast bacilli in vivo.2The “S'form produced the most striking results. The rabbits became markedly emaciated after approximately 7 months. Several subcutaneous nodules were noted at the sites of inoculations in the rabbits receiving the subcutaneous injections. Microscopic examination of ulcerated nodules revealed many acid-fast bacilli. The internal organs, especially the liver, spleen and kidneys, showed many large phagocytic cells, simulating lepra cells, containing acid-fast bacilli. Fibrosis and generalized thickening of the blood vessels was marked. Two rabbits showed paralysis of 2 or more extremities which probably was the result of extra- and intraneural fibrosis. Less conspicuous changes were noted in the rabbits injected with the “R'form. Emaciation was present but not to the degree seen in the rabbits that had received the “S'injections. Subcutaneous nodules developed but gradually disappeared without ulceration. Careful microscopic examination of the internal organs of the “R'animals revealed nothing characteristic of leprosy. No acid-fast bacilli were detected in any of the organs.One of the objects of this investigation was to determine whether it is possible to induce in rabbits. by means of the chromogenic acidfast bacillus isolated from the human leprous nodule, a disease comparable to human leprosy.

PLAGUE is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and when large numbers of US personnel entered the area, measures were taken to protect them from infection. These proved highly effective, but in the case recorded here bubonic plague masqueraded as venereal infection and remained unrecognized until the development of the rare complication of plague meningitis. REPORT OF A CASE A 23-year-old white male, serving with American military advisors in Viet Nam, was seen in a dispensary on March 21, 1963, with swelling in the left inguinal region, associated with fever, pain, and tenderness. The examining physician noted a questionable penile lesion and made a diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum. The patient was treated orally with tetracycline, but the inguinal swelling increased, accompanied by marked edema and erythema. This was interpreted as cellulitis and 2.4 million units daily of procaine penicillin G was given intramuscularly with the tetracycline. On March 23 the

A vectorial rotational equivalent model which characterises both static B-H properties and dynamic switching properties of a toroidal ferrite core is described. The model makes use of such measurable magnetic properties as magnetisation at remanence and saturation, coercive force and damping factor. A comparison of results obtained using the model described here with experimentally obtained results shows reasonably close agreement.

Experimental multibit-microwave-memory-readout results obtained using direct-loaded and secondary-coupled toroidal ferrite memory elements in a strip transmission line are presented. Typical single-element readout response to a 4ns 650mA interrogation pulse was a bipolar 15ns ±21 mV signal using secondary coupling. The output-response magnitude decreases significantly as the number of memory elements loading the same stripline is increased.