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The Na/Cl, Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios in some fluorites (sample weight 20-30 mg) have been studied by non-destructive activation analysis. Some experiments are described which show that the analyses refer to the liquid inclusions.One specimen studied in detail showed a Na/Cl ratio corresponding to a NaCl solution. Its Cl/Br weight ratio of 63 contrasts to the ratios of sea water as well as most surface and subsurface waters, but is similar to some brines. Some possible explanations are mentioned. The method seems useful in the study of liquid inclusions, especially since it can be used for several other elements and other minerals.

1. 1. Gastro-enteritis lowered the level of serum transaminases and serum free aminoacids and increased the levels of some of the non-essential amino-acids. The changes were more pronounced in dehydrated than in simple cases. 2. 2. The alanine/glycine ratio and the essential/non-essential amino-acid ratio decreased significantly as a result of gastio-enteritis, whether simple or dehydrated. 3. 3. The relationship between gastro-enteritis and malnutrition is discussed in relation to our results and those of previous investigators. 4. 4. Treatment of dehydrated gastro-enteritis restored back to normal the levels of serum transaminases and those of serum free amino-acids.

The fatty acid compositions of extracted and commercial samples of cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil and butter fat were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. These fats were subjected to frying temperature (195 oC) for 3 hours and the peroxide value, iodine value, free fatty acid content and the carbonyl value were determined at hourly intervals. The stability of the oils did not correlate well with the ratio of C18:2 to C81:1 nor with the degree of unsaturation. Also, it was not a function of the susceptibility of these oils and fat to hydrolyse during the heating process. The data suggest that the fatty acids, present in these oils and fat, influence each other's oxidation and thus affecting the rate of oxidation. It appears that one of the major predisposing factors in the degradation of these oils and fat is the amount of saturated fatty acids which are present in contact with unsaturated and peroxidised fatty acids. This explanation has been discussed in relation to the degree of unsaturation of the oils used in the experiments and their vitamin E contents.

1. Evidence is given of an association between the two loci governing inheritance of haemoglobin type and erythrocyte potassium concentration in Welsh Mountain sheep.2. In the 1777 animals examined, there was an excess of high potassium types amongst carriers of the haemoglobin B gene.3. At both high and low levels of potassium, sheep possessing haemoglobin A only had significantly more potassium in their blood than animals possessing haemoglobin B only. AB heterozygotes were intermediate in. value.

In the present study it was thought desirable to investigate the relationship between the drainable porosity and the physical properties of the silty-clayey soils in an attempt to ascertain an accurate procedure for the determination of free water in soils. An equation was derived correlating the drainable porosity as a function of the voids ratio, porosity, effective grain size and depth of silty-clayey soils. A suggested soil coefficient, C , was found to vary according to the type of soil, being proportional to the coefficient of permeability K . Empirical formulae were computed correlating C and K .

The ganglia and connectives of the ventral nerve cord of a leech (Mooreobdella fervida) were subjected to fixation by freeze substitution. This method is believed to preserve the water distribution in the tissue more faithfully than conventional fixation, but has the disadvantage that only the superficial 10 to 15 μU of these structures can be examined. Electron micrographs of this material showed the following differences from nervous tissue fixed by immersion in an osmium tetroxide solution. The lamellae of the packet glia cells were narrower and the extracellular spaces between them were wider than in conventionally fixed material. The cytoplasm of the lamellae was finely granular and lacked the vacuoles which characterize this tissue when fixed by immersion. In the neuropil the nervous elements tended to be separated by glial material which sometimes consisted of a single sheet, but often of several lamellae with rather more extracellular space than in conventionally fixed material. In the connectives thin axons were present in bundles containing little or no glia but surrounded by glial lamellae. The fibers had a rounded appearance and these axon fields showed an appreciable extracellular space. The large axons showed irregular but generally more rounded profiles than in conventionally fixed material. They were usually individually enveloped by glial lamellae with rather ample space between them. In the neuropil and the connective fixed by immersion in OsO4 solutions the extracellular space consisted of the narrow 100 to 150 A spaces between the tissue elements typical for OsO4 fixed material.

A population of 1549 Welsh Mountain sheep, typed for haemoglobin and blood potassium concentration, were examined for correlations with production traits.The statistical analysis was carried out within years, to avoid seasonal effects, and constants were fitted for sire, parity of birth and sex, as well as for haemoglobin and potassium type.Few of the associations dependent on haemoglobin and potassium level reached significance at generally accepted levels of probability but an underlying consistency existed in mean values. Generally, animals of LK phenotypes showed marginally better neo-natal growth than HK phenotypes and animals possessing haemoglobin A had greater fleece-weights than those which did not.

Perfusion of the cerebral cortex of mice with a 4·5 and 12·5 % hydroxyadipaldehyde (HAA) solution in a cacodylate buffer caused a biphasic change in the tissue conductivity. After a latency of a fraction of a minute the cortical conductivity dropped markedly, reaching a minimum in 1·5–2 min. Then the conductivity increased again. Electron micrographs (EMs) of material perfused with HAA for 1 5—20 min and post-fixed with osmium tetroxide showed electron-transparent swollen structures, some of which could be identified as dendritic. The extracellular space consisted of 100–200 Å slits between the tissue elements and larger spaces in bundles of small profiles (unmyelinated axons). Cortex frozen after 2 min perfusion with HAA and subjected to substitution in acetone containing 2 % OsO4 at—85 °C showed swollen (dendritic) structures and a paucity of extracellular material in accordance with the conductivity drop. Often tight junctions between the tissue elements were present. Tissue frozen after 15–20 min of HAA perfusion when the conductivity had increased again yielded EMs which were characterized by an abundance of extracellular space between the small profiles. The mitochondria in the swollen (dendritic) structures were enormously enlarged. Cortex perfused for 15–20 min with HAA, post-fixed with OsO4 and then freeze substituted produced EMs resembling those of tissue fixed in the same way but not subjected to freeze substitution. The examination of the fixation process by freeze substitution demonstrated a sequence of major changes in the fluid distribution of the tissue which precludes any direct relationship between the spaces in the normal and fixed tissue.

The acid phosphatase activity of motoneurons of normal and asphyxiated spinal cords of cats was studied both by light and electron microscopy. Gomori technique was used to detect the phosphatase activity. Phosphatase bodies (lysosomes) increased in number and size in motoneurons fixed 30 min after 50 min of asphyxiation, as compared with those in normal motoneurons. This increase was even more pronounced in material fixed 60 min after 50 min of asphyxiation. In the latter case the lysosomes had lost their membranes and seemed to pour their contents into the surrounding cytoplasm. Glycogen granules were found in the neighborhood of the disintegrating lysosomes.

The distribution of whole blood potassium concentration in 1783 Welsh Mountain sheep shows marked bimodality, varying about two modes, of 44 and 14 m-equiv./l.The difference between high (HK) and low (LK) potassium types was not clear-cut. About 5 % of animals lay in the area where the tails of the two distributions merge.Haematocrit values and plasma potassium concentrations were used to estimate erythrocyte potassium levels. They confirmed that the bimodality is due to variation within erythrocytes but did not offer a satisfactory method of allocating intermediate animals.

Dicobalt iron nonacarbonyl sulphide Co 2 Fe(CO) 9 S (I) is formed when either thiophene, elementary sulphur or ethanethiol are allowed to react with a mixture of dicobalt octacarbonyl and iron pentacarbonyl under hydroformylation conditions. This new sulphide (I) was also prepared under atmospheric pressure from diiron hexacarbonyl disulphide and dicobalt octacarbonyl.

In the agricultural expansion programme using the Aswan High Dam water, the additional discharge water in the Fayoum area is planned to be conveyed to the Wadi El Rayan depression via an underground tunnel. In the tunnel area, the rock types are mainly limestone and argillaceous sediments with some gypsum veins. Crushing strength of the encountered rocks is greatly influenced by the type of the specimens and their heterogeneity. X-ray examination of the −5μ fractions indicates the presence of a swelling mineral (abnormal montmorillonite) in some specimens together with β-disordered kaolinite, calcite, gypsum and quartz. Swelling pressure is mainly induced by the abnormal montmorillonite, being dependent on its amount. For the design of the tunnel a horse-shoe cross section is selected. The total length of the tunnel is recommended to be lined with reinforced concrete.

Six serum transferrins have been found amongst 1,030 sheep in a Welsh Mountain sheep flock, apparently produced by six genes segregating as alleles at a single locus. All 21 possible phenotypes have been found.The genes are designated TfA, TfB, Tfc, TfD, TfE and Tfp, TfA producing the fastest, and Tfp, the slowest migrating component. TfE and Tfp are at a much lower frequency (0·01 to 0·06) than the remaining genes (0·2 to 0·3) and Tfp may represent a fifteenth allele at this locus.A comparison of observed phenotype frequencies with those expected under random mating, showed that a marked disturbance in segregation existed, with homozygous TfCC animals in consistent excess and a marked shortage of heterozygous TfBC and TfCD animals. Variation amongst remaining phenotypes appeared to be at random. However, incompatibility with the Tfc gene also extended to matings including Tfp. Examination of 282 matings confirmed that the effect of the Tfc gene favours maternal-foetal incompatibility as a cause of disturbed segregation, rather than selective fertilisation. However, reciprocal mating data were not available.

The substituted pyridazinones 3-phenyl- and l,3-diphenyl-5-benzylidene-1,4,5,6-tetra-hydropyridazinone-6 have been prepared from α-phenacylcinnamic acid hydrazide and α-phenacylcinnamic acid phenylhydrazone, respectively. The dipyridazinone 5,5-di(3-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro)pyridazinone-6 was prepared from the dilactone IV, isolated as a side product in the synthesis of lactone VI.Rearrangement of 4-phenylazo-2-phenyloxazolin-5-one now has been found to proceed also in the presence of acidic reagents.