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Condensation of 4-bromo- (4) and 4-nilro-l,8-naphthalimides (5) with 2-aminobenzenethiol gave 4-(2-aminoulicnylthio)-1,8-naphthalimides (7). Cyclisalion of 7 by the: Pschorr reaction afforded benzo[k,l] thioxanthene-3,4-dicarboximides (8), also obtained by reaction ol amities with benzo[k,l] thioxanthene-3,4-dicarboxylie anhydride (11).

The synthesis of a series of 4–(4–methoxyanilinoj–3–nitro–1, 8–naphthalimides by condensation of amines with 4–(4–methoxyanilino)–3–nitronaphthalene–l, 8–dicarboxylic anhydride, and also by condensation of 4–halogeno–3–nitro–1, 8–naphthalimides with 4–methoxyaniline is described. They dye synthetic–polymer fibres, particularly polyesters, deep orange of excellent fastness properties. In presence of strong bases, e. g. 3–aminopropan–l–ol, the 4–arylamino group is replaced, giving a series of yellow dyes. A method is described for preparing the dyes without isolation of intermediate stages.

The mass spectra of benzo(k, l)thioxanthene–3, 4–dicarboxylic anhydride and of several derived imides, dyes for synthetic–polymer fibres, are reported. Principal fragmentation trends are described and fragments which may be used in the characterisation of these dyes are described.

Five aromatic hydrocarbon-tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) complexes were dispersed in sodium chloride pellets and subjected to high pressures (0-25 kbar). The charge transfer absorption was enhanced and displaced toward lower energies at the highest pressure. An exception is the crystalline complex HMB-TCNE which exhibits a blue shift at the highest pressure. The doublet structure in both charge transfer bands of naphthalene-TCNE can be observed at 1 atm and at at higher pressures. The importance of the relative sizes of donor and acceptor in environmental interactions are discussed. (Author)

The friction force between 1/8, 3/32 and 1/16 in diameter, and the wear of 3/32 in diameter, specimens of En 1A steel sliding on a disc of S62 steel are measured at speeds between 93 and 655 ft/s, the normal load on the specimen varying between 0.2 and 4.5 lbf. The coefficient of friction is shown to be dependent on sliding speed, normal load and specimen diameter, and to be a function of N1/2 U, where N is the normal load and U is the sliding speed. It is suggested that the coefficient of friction is dependent on the specimen contact surface condition which is dependent on the specimen surface temperature. There is evidence to suggest a gradual change in the mechanism of sliding with increasing magnitude of N1/2 U from, (i) metallic abrasion and tearing of an oxide layer, (ii) to skidding on and shallow ploughing of an oxide layer, (iii) to gliding over and shearing of a soft surface layer. It appears that the coefficient of friction is independent of, whereas specimen wear is dependent on, the disc surface condition. At low loads the material transferred from the specimen tends to form a continuous oxide layer on the disc., while at high loads there is the formation and tearing of a thick oxide layer, presenting a more abrasive surface to the specimen with a relative increase in wear. Generally specimen wear per sliding distance increases with N and decreases with U.

Architectural trends and their developments witnessed new ideas at many levels; one of these ideas is known as consumption, which is one of the new themes in an old concept and in its presence, which takes place effective today in the field of architecture. And plays a role in changing the architectural constants targets, and plays a role in changing the architectural constants targets, or classification of priorities. Every body tries to search for new and evolving architecture through what is available has advanced technological methods. This will be directed Search, make the process of change and evolution in architecture is not only very close and meet human needs, but to make the first need produce innovative and creative architecture. Determine the general direction of search in the consumption of meaning forms in architecture The research theoretical knowledge for consumption in architecture, as Figure concept of evolution, and the need to study technology and its relationship with both local architecture and globalization. And a global review of various studies to try to reach the first step of the research problem of (knowledge before about formats consumption in meaning and form in the context of local architecture). And thus produced the aim of the research, to clarify the concept of consumption in architecture, through, to clarify the presence of consumption in the local architecture, and the potential to achieve consumption in the local architecture. Knowledge has helped to enrich the architectural framework of research and the formation of his variable, enhanced architectural studies available to achieve a theoretical framework integrated, variable has been to, the consumption component, and intellectual attitudes towards consumption, and forms adopted, and detailed processes. To use variable, has helped in the application on projects elected, so as to achieve a comprehensive conception of the nature of the relationship between variables, when applied collectively elected on samples of the application. The research found that consumption is a copy of the forms, and unconsumption is a simulation and new styles of architecture and context beyond.

This study concerns the measurement of electrothermal efficiency in an ac plasma torch. It was found that the best method of measuring arc input power was an electronic system involving multiplication and integration although thermal wattmeters could be used with a slight loss of accuracy. A self-jacketed parallel flow calorimeter was found best for measuring the heat content of the torch output. The flow-dependent thermal efficiency of this torch was found to exceed 60 percent. For established designs of torch the electrode losses can be used to establish the input power to the arc, and thus eliminate the need for an electrical measurement.

Architectural trends and their developments witnessed new ideas at many levels; one of these ideas is known as consumption, which is one of the new themes in an old concept and in its presence, which takes place effective today in the field of architecture. And plays a role in changing the architectural constants targets, and plays a role in changing the architectural constants targets, or classification of priorities. Every body tries to search for new and evolving architecture through what is available has advanced technological methods. This will be directed Search, make the process of change and evolution in architecture is not only very close and meet human needs, but to make the first need produce innovative and creative architecture. Determine the general direction of search in the consumption of meaning forms in architecture The research theoretical knowledge for consumption in architecture, as Figure concept of evolution, and the need to study technology and its relationship with both local architecture and globalization. And a global review of various studies to try to reach the first step of the research problem of (knowledge before about formats consumption in meaning and form in the context of local architecture). And thus produced the aim of the research, to clarify the concept of consumption in architecture, through, to clarify the presence of consumption in the local architecture, and the potential to achieve consumption in the local architecture. Knowledge has helped to enrich the architectural framework of research and the formation of his variable, enhanced architectural studies available to achieve a theoretical framework integrated, variable has been to, the consumption component, and intellectual attitudes towards consumption, and forms adopted, and detailed processes. To use variable, has helped in the application on projects elected, so as to achieve a comprehensive conception of the nature of the relationship between variables, when applied collectively elected on samples of the application. The research found that consumption is a copy of the forms, and unconsumption is a simulation and new styles of architecture and context beyond.

Several aromatic hydrocarbons are complexed with trinitrobenzene (TNB) and trinitrofluorenone (TNF) in the crystalline state and subjected to increasing pressures (0‐30 kbar). The charge transfer absorption shows a ∼1200 cm−1 red shift, while the fluorescence red shift may vary between 200‐1700 cm−1 at 25 kbar. In the same complexes the Stokes shift decreases at higher pressures. This decrease can be understood in terms of charge‐transfer forces and potential energy curves appropriate for weak EDA complexes.

The spectra of benzophenone (Snπ*←S0; Tnπ*→S0), fluorenone (Sππ*←S0; Sππ*→S0), and anthrone (Tnπ*→S0) have been studied as a function of pressure to 25 kbar. The π*←n absorption band of benzophenone shows a blue shift in compressed polar and hydrogen‐bonding plastics, in contrast to the absorption of fluorenone. The fluorescence of fluorenone shows a red shift for all plastics which is greater than the corresponding red shift in absorption at the same isobar. The phosphorescence also shifts red except for benzophenone in polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinyl alcohol, where an initial blue shift is observed. These plastics are evidently capable of restraining geometrical changes in the benzophenone molecule.

A common problem in industrial processes, particularly those involving electroheat, is the holding of metallic charges at their solid/liquid state interface temperature. A transducer has been developed that achieves this by plunging and widthrawing a probe in an induction-heated metallic charge. The probe is driven by a servomotor whose armature current senses the state of the charge. Successful results have been obtained with induction-heated metals and alloys. In many cases the degree of control is so precise that the limit cycle amplitude is undetectable. Preliminary investigations into nonmetallic charges have also been conducted. These can be successful provided the induction heater output is low. The new transducer is simple, rugged, inexpensive, and constructed from items readily available in industrial instrumentation laboratories. The presentation is intended for the professional engineer concerned with the control of industrial processes.

Heats of hydrolysis in aqueous solutions have been obtained for the following chlorosilanes: SiCl4 (-79.75 = 0.14 kcal/mole), (C6H5)2SiCl2 (-31.64 = 0.46 kcal/mole), C6H5SiCl3 (-55.07 = 0.17 kcal/mole), (CH3)2SiCl2 (-32.09 = 0.03 kcal/mole) and (Ch3)3SiCl (-12.42 = 0.19 kcal/mole). From these data we have calculated heats of formation for the following gaseous chlorosilanes: SiCl4 (-153.7 kcal/mole), (CH3)2SiCl2 (-108.4 kcal/mole) and (C6H5)2SiCl2 (-52.2 kcal/mole). A change in silicon-chlorine bond strength with degree of chlorination is discussed.

A new direct synthesis of benzo(k,1)thioxanthene-3,4-dicarboxylic anhydride from 4-nitro-naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride and 2-aminobenzenethiol is reported; 4-(2-aminophenylthio) naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride and 4-phenylthionaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride are also formed. Similar reaction in presence of amyl nitrite or sodium nitrite results in formation of larger amounts of 4-phenylthionaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride, together with other products arising from the oxidation of 2-aminobenzenethiol; one such product is the new heterocycle 9,10-dithiaphenanthrene. 4-(2-Aminophenylthio)-naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride is rapidly converted by amyl nitrite or sodium nitrite in dimethylformamide into benzo(k,1)thioxanthene-3,4-dicarboxylic anhydride, constituting a novel one-stage intramolecular cyclisation reaction of greater convenience than the conventional two stage Pschorr cyclisation.

The effects of high pressures (0-25 kbar) on the near ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of trans-azobenzene were studied. Azobenzene was dispersed in six different polymer matrices and compressed in an optical cell at room temperature. The magnitude and direction of the spectral shift depend upon the type of transition (n-pi* vs. pi-pi*), the nature of the polymer matrix, and other specific interactions whose relative importance are not easily ascertained. The n-pi* band showed a blue shift in a hydroxylic polymer at the highest pressure. The intensity of the pi-pi* band was unaffected by compression while the n-pi* band strength increased significantly. Such enhancement could result from partial removal of its symmetry-forbiddenness or greater intensity stealing from the pi-pi* transition at higher pressures. (Author)

Experiments are described in which stationary copper specimens are rubbed in a normal atmosphere against a rotating S62 steel disc under normal loads up to 4·5 lbf. The coefficient of friction is measured at sliding speeds of 93, 220, 328, and 490 ft/s using ⅛-in diameter specimens. Except at the lowest speed a gradual buildup of a continuous copper oxide layer on the disc track is observed with increasing normal load together with a corresponding decrease in the coefficient of friction. Having established an oxide layer on the track the coefficient of friction observed is low for all normal loads. The coefficient of friction is shown to decrease with normal load N and sliding speed U, to be a function of N1/2 U, and to depend on the state of the disc surface. Wear of -in diameter specimens is measured by weighing before and after a test. The wear rate is shown to decrease with sliding speed and increase with load, and for speeds of 220 and 328 ft/s to be a function of N/U. The wear rates measured at 93 ft/s are the same function of N/U for low values of N/U.

The absorption and fluorescence of acridine, phenazine, their cations, and phenazine-di-N-oxide were studied in polymer matrices. The correspondence to spectra in liquid or frozen solutions is established for the polymer matrices. The effect of the matrix and compression (0-27 kbar) on the spectral properties are compared. The extent of solid solvent perturbation on spectral location and bandwidth is illustrated for acridine and phenazine. The red shifts of the absorption and fluorescence band maxima are compared for two polymer matrices. The magnitude of the pressure response of the fluorescence bands and intensities differs for degassed and nondegassed plastic solutions. (Author)

SUMMARY Antigen prepared from adult Fasciola gigantica was precipitated in agar with sera obtained from lambs infected experimentally with F. gigantica. The agar gel precipitin test appeared to be a useful technique in the diagnosis of F. gigantica infection in sheep. Precipitins were detected as early as 3 to 4 weeks after infection and it was also possible to recognize the infection after the appearance of eggs in faeces.

The fracture toughness and the fatigue-crack growth characteristics of M2 high-speed steel have been measured for a wide range of hardening and tempering temperatures. The effect of differing hardening treatments on the occurrence of chipping of the cutting edge during a severe, single-point, surface-milling operation has been compared with these toughness results. A qualitative explanation for the occurrence of this edge chipping has been suggested in terms of the critical flaw size and the primary carbide size and distribution.

Efficacy of diamphenethide ("Coriban", Burroughs Wellcome) and rafoxanide ("Ranide", Merck SharpeDohme, Ltd.) was evaluated in lambs against 8-week old experimentally induced Fasciola gigantica infection. Results were assessed by the reduction in worm counts at post-mortem examination 8 weeks after treatment. Diamphenethide at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg body weight was found 99.4 per cent effective. Rafoxanide at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg body weight showed 98.78 per cent efficacy. Six weeks following treatment, infected animals treated with either drug exhibited significantly greater weight gain than the non-treated infected animals.

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Collections of gastro-intestinal contents of60 sheep, in all, in groups of 6–8 made during three seasonal periods in three geographical areas of Iraq. Twenty-three species of gastro-intestinal helminth parasites were identified in this survey. New distribution records forO. ostertagi, T. capricola, N. spathiger, T. discolor, S. ovis, A. chalmersi, M. expansa andM. benedeni were established during this investigation.